ID   NSRR_ASPN1              Reviewed;         265 AA.
AC   A0A2I1C3T1;
DT   29-SEP-2021, integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot.
DT   28-FEB-2018, sequence version 1.
DT   23-FEB-2022, entry version 11.
DE   RecName: Full=Oxidoreductase nsrR {ECO:0000303|PubMed:30394754};
DE            EC=1.-.-.- {ECO:0000269|PubMed:32105084};
DE   AltName: Full=Neosartorin biosynthesis cluster protein R {ECO:0000303|PubMed:30394754};
GN   Name=nsrR {ECO:0000303|PubMed:30394754}; ORFNames=P174DRAFT_371720;
OS   Aspergillus novofumigatus (strain IBT 16806).
OC   Eukaryota; Fungi; Dikarya; Ascomycota; Pezizomycotina; Eurotiomycetes;
OC   Eurotiomycetidae; Eurotiales; Aspergillaceae; Aspergillus.
OX   NCBI_TaxID=1392255;
RN   [1]
RP   NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA].
RC   STRAIN=IBT 16806;
RX   PubMed=29317534; DOI=10.1073/pnas.1715954115;
RA   Kjaerboelling I., Vesth T.C., Frisvad J.C., Nybo J.L., Theobald S., Kuo A.,
RA   Bowyer P., Matsuda Y., Mondo S., Lyhne E.K., Kogle M.E., Clum A.,
RA   Lipzen A., Salamov A., Ngan C.Y., Daum C., Chiniquy J., Barry K.,
RA   LaButti K., Haridas S., Simmons B.A., Magnuson J.K., Mortensen U.H.,
RA   Larsen T.O., Grigoriev I.V., Baker S.E., Andersen M.R.;
RT   "Linking secondary metabolites to gene clusters through genome sequencing
RT   of six diverse Aspergillus species.";
RL   Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 115:E753-E761(2018).
RN   [2]
RP   FUNCTION.
RX   PubMed=30394754; DOI=10.1021/acs.orglett.8b03123;
RA   Matsuda Y., Gotfredsen C.H., Larsen T.O.;
RT   "Genetic characterization of neosartorin biosynthesis provides insight into
RT   heterodimeric natural product generation.";
RL   Org. Lett. 20:7197-7200(2018).
RN   [3]
RP   FUNCTION, CATALYTIC ACTIVITY, AND PATHWAY.
RX   PubMed=32105084; DOI=10.1021/acs.orglett.0c00285;
RA   Wei X., Matsuda Y.;
RT   "Unraveling the fungal strategy for tetrahydroxanthone biosynthesis and
RT   diversification.";
RL   Org. Lett. 22:1919-1923(2020).
RN   [4]
RP   FUNCTION.
RX   PubMed=33891392; DOI=10.1021/acs.jnatprod.1c00022;
RA   Wei X., Chen X., Chen L., Yan D., Wang W.G., Matsuda Y.;
RT   "Heterologous biosynthesis of tetrahydroxanthone dimers: determination of
RT   key factors for selective or divergent synthesis.";
RL   J. Nat. Prod. 84:1544-1549(2021).
CC   -!- FUNCTION: Oxidoreductase; part of the gene cluster that mediates the
CC       biosynthesis of the tetrahydroxanthone dimer neosartorin, which
CC       exhibits antibacterial activity (PubMed:30394754, PubMed:32105084,
CC       PubMed:33891392). The two different monomeric units appear to be
CC       synthesized by the same set of enzymes, among which the Baeyer-Villiger
CC       monooxygenase nsrF is the key enzyme for the divergence of the
CC       biosynthetic routes (PubMed:32105084). The pathway begins with the
CC       synthesis of atrochrysone thioester by the polyketide synthase nsrB
CC       (PubMed:32105084). The atrochrysone carboxyl ACP thioesterase nsrC then
CC       breaks the thioester bond and releases the atrochrysone carboxylic acid
CC       from AacuL (PubMed:32105084). Atrochrysone carboxylic acid is
CC       decarboxylated by the decarboxylase nsrE, and oxidized by the anthrone
CC       oxygenase nsrD to yield emodin (PubMed:32105084). Emodin is then
CC       reduced to emodin hydroquinone by the oxidoreductase nsrR
CC       (PubMed:32105084). A-ring reduction by the short chain dehydrogenase
CC       nsrJ, dehydration by the scytalone dehydratase-like protein nsrI and
CC       probable spontaneous re-oxidation, results in overall deoxygenation to
CC       chrysophanol (PubMed:32105084). The Baeyer-Villiger monooxygenase nsrF
CC       accepts chrysophanol as a substrate to insert one oxygen atom at two
CC       different positions to yield the precursors of both monomric units
CC       (PubMed:30394754, PubMed:32105084, PubMed:33891392). NsrF is
CC       promiscuous/flexible in interacting with the 2 (non methylated and
CC       methylated) aromatic rings of chrysophanol, thus diverging the
CC       biosynthetic pathway at this point (PubMed:30394754, PubMed:32105084,
CC       PubMed:33891392). After the hydrolysis of the lactones,
CC       methylesterification by the methyltransferase nsrG yields respectively
CC       moniliphenone and 2,2',6'-trihydroxy-4-methyl-6-methoxya-
CC       cyldiphenylmethanone (PubMed:30394754, PubMed:32105084). The next steps
CC       are the hydroxylation by the FAD-dependent monooxygenase nsrK, followed
CC       by isomerization by the monooxygenase nsrQ (PubMed:32105084). The short
CC       chain dehydrogenase/reductase nsrO then catalyzes the C-5 ketoreduction
CC       to give the xanthone skeleton of blennolide C and 5-acetylblennolide A
CC       (PubMed:32105084). The acetyltransferase nsrL has a strict substrate
CC       specificity and uses only blennolide A but not blennolide C to yield 5-
CC       acetylblennolide A as the single-acetylated product (PubMed:30394754).
CC       In the final step of the biosynthesis, the heterodimerization of the 2
CC       xanthones, blennolide C and 5-acetylblennolide A, is catalyzed by the
CC       cytochrome P450 monooxygenase nsrP (PubMed:30394754). NsrP can utilize
CC       at least three different xanthones as its substrates to perform the
CC       dimerization reaction (PubMed:30394754). {ECO:0000269|PubMed:30394754,
CC       ECO:0000269|PubMed:32105084, ECO:0000269|PubMed:33891392}.
CC   -!- PATHWAY: Secondary metabolite biosynthesis.
CC       {ECO:0000269|PubMed:32105084}.
CC   -!- SIMILARITY: Belongs to the avfA family. {ECO:0000305}.
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DR   EMBL; MSZS01000005; PKX92292.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR   VEuPathDB; FungiDB:P174DRAFT_371720; -.
DR   OrthoDB; 1166292at2759; -.
DR   Proteomes; UP000234474; Unassembled WGS sequence.
DR   GO; GO:0004497; F:monooxygenase activity; IEA:UniProtKB-KW.
DR   GO; GO:0044281; P:small molecule metabolic process; IEA:UniProt.
DR   InterPro; IPR016040; NAD(P)-bd_dom.
DR   InterPro; IPR036291; NAD(P)-bd_dom_sf.
DR   Pfam; PF13460; NAD_binding_10; 1.
DR   SUPFAM; SSF51735; SSF51735; 1.
PE   1: Evidence at protein level;
KW   Monooxygenase; Oxidoreductase; Reference proteome.
FT   CHAIN           1..265
FT                   /note="Oxidoreductase nsrR"
FT                   /id="PRO_0000453441"
SQ   SEQUENCE   265 AA;  29219 MW;  4CF054DFFF8303F0 CRC64;
     MFPRTYAVLG STGNCGTALI ENLLKTPDAR IHAYCRNRPK LLQILPQLEE SDRVTIFEGN
     IQDAELLQSC LRNCHAVFLV VSTNDNIPGC HLAQDTATAV IQALQDLKRN NPTSTVMPKL
     VLLSSATTDS QLSRDVPSLL RFILHRSASY VYEDLVVTEK LLHAQKDWLT SIFIKPGALS
     VDIQRGHALS QTDQDGPLSY LDLAAAMIEA ADEETGCYDM QSLGVVNTNG KAKFPTGTPL
     CILVGLLRHY FPFLHPYLPM NTGPR