ID   A28_VACCW               Reviewed;         146 AA.
AC   P68633; P21086; Q80HU6;
DT   07-DEC-2004, integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot.
DT   07-DEC-2004, sequence version 1.
DT   25-MAY-2022, entry version 63.
DE   RecName: Full=Envelope protein A28;
GN   OrderedLocusNames=VACWR151; ORFNames=A28L;
OS   Vaccinia virus (strain Western Reserve) (VACV) (Vaccinia virus (strain
OS   WR)).
OC   Viruses; Varidnaviria; Bamfordvirae; Nucleocytoviricota; Pokkesviricetes;
OC   Chitovirales; Poxviridae; Chordopoxvirinae; Orthopoxvirus; Vaccinia virus.
OX   NCBI_TaxID=10254;
OH   NCBI_TaxID=9913; Bos taurus (Bovine).
RN   [1]
RP   NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA].
RX   PubMed=1856205; DOI=10.1016/s0021-9258(18)92757-2;
RA   Amegadzie B.Y., Ahn B.-Y., Moss B.;
RT   "Identification, sequence, and expression of the gene encoding a Mr 35,000
RT   subunit of the vaccinia virus DNA-dependent RNA polymerase.";
RL   J. Biol. Chem. 266:13712-13718(1991).
RN   [2]
RP   NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA].
RA   Esposito J.J., Frace A.M., Sammons S.A., Olsen-Rasmussen M., Osborne J.,
RA   Wohlhueter R.;
RT   "Sequencing of the coding region of Vaccinia-WR to an average 9-fold
RT   redundancy and an error rate of 0.16/10kb.";
RL   Submitted (FEB-2003) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases.
RN   [3]
RP   CHARACTERIZATION, AND DISULFIDE BONDS.
RX   PubMed=14963131; DOI=10.1128/jvi.78.5.2348-2356.2004;
RA   Senkevich T.G., Ward B.M., Moss B.;
RT   "Vaccinia virus A28L gene encodes an essential protein component of the
RT   virion membrane with intramolecular disulfide bonds formed by the viral
RT   cytoplasmic redox pathway.";
RL   J. Virol. 78:2348-2356(2004).
RN   [4]
RP   FUNCTION.
RX   PubMed=14963132; DOI=10.1128/jvi.78.5.2357-2366.2004;
RA   Senkevich T.G., Ward B.M., Moss B.;
RT   "Vaccinia virus entry into cells is dependent on a virion surface protein
RT   encoded by the A28L gene.";
RL   J. Virol. 78:2357-2366(2004).
RN   [5]
RP   IDENTIFICATION IN A COMPLEX WITH A16; A21; G3; G9; H2; J5 AND L5.
RX   PubMed=16339313; DOI=10.1073/pnas.0509239102;
RA   Senkevich T.G., Ojeda S., Townsley A., Nelson G.E., Moss B.;
RT   "Poxvirus multiprotein entry-fusion complex.";
RL   Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 102:18572-18577(2005).
RN   [6]
RP   INTERACTION WITH PROTEIN H2, AND INDUCTION.
RX   PubMed=18417576; DOI=10.1128/jvi.00434-08;
RA   Nelson G.E., Wagenaar T.R., Moss B.;
RT   "A conserved sequence within the H2 subunit of the vaccinia virus
RT   entry/fusion complex is important for interaction with the A28 subunit and
RT   infectivity.";
RL   J. Virol. 82:6244-6250(2008).
CC   -!- FUNCTION: Envelope protein required for virus entry into host cell and
CC       for cell-cell fusion (syncytium formation).
CC       {ECO:0000269|PubMed:14963132}.
CC   -!- SUBUNIT: Part of a stable entry-fusion complex (EFC) which is at least
CC       composed of proteins A16, A21, A28, G3, G9, H2, J5, and L5. Formation
CC       of the viral membrane is necessary for the assembly of the complex.
CC       Interacts directly with protein H2. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:16339313,
CC       ECO:0000269|PubMed:18417576}.
CC   -!- INTERACTION:
CC       P68633; P08583: VACWR100; NbExp=3; IntAct=EBI-6969231, EBI-7564589;
CC   -!- SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Virion membrane {ECO:0000305}; Single-pass type
CC       III membrane protein {ECO:0000305}. Note=Component of the mature virion
CC       (MV) membrane.
CC   -!- INDUCTION: Expressed in the late phase of the viral replicative cycle.
CC       {ECO:0000269|PubMed:18417576}.
CC   -!- PTM: Contains two intramolecular disulfide bonds. They are created by
CC       the viral disulfide bond formation pathway, a poxvirus-specific pathway
CC       that operates on the cytoplasmic side of the MV membranes.
CC   -!- SIMILARITY: Belongs to the poxviridae A28 protein family.
CC       {ECO:0000305}.
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DR   EMBL; M61187; AAA48325.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR   EMBL; X57318; CAA40578.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR   EMBL; AY243312; AAO89430.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR   IntAct; P68633; 2.
DR   MINT; P68633; -.
DR   TCDB; 1.G.11.1.1; the poxvirus cell entry protein complex (pep-c) family.
DR   Proteomes; UP000000344; Genome.
DR   GO; GO:0016021; C:integral component of membrane; IEA:UniProtKB-KW.
DR   GO; GO:0019031; C:viral envelope; IEA:UniProtKB-KW.
DR   GO; GO:0055036; C:virion membrane; IEA:UniProtKB-SubCell.
DR   GO; GO:0039663; P:membrane fusion involved in viral entry into host cell; IEA:UniProtKB-KW.
DR   GO; GO:0046718; P:viral entry into host cell; IEA:UniProtKB-KW.
DR   InterPro; IPR007664; Poxvirus_A28.
DR   Pfam; PF04584; Pox_A28; 1.
PE   1: Evidence at protein level;
KW   Disulfide bond; Fusion of virus membrane with host membrane; Late protein;
KW   Membrane; Reference proteome; Signal-anchor; Transmembrane;
KW   Transmembrane helix; Viral envelope protein;
KW   Viral penetration into host cytoplasm; Virion; Virus entry into host cell.
FT   CHAIN           1..146
FT                   /note="Envelope protein A28"
FT                   /id="PRO_0000099300"
FT   TRANSMEM        1..21
FT                   /note="Helical; Signal-anchor for type III membrane
FT                   protein"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000255"
FT   TOPO_DOM        22..146
FT                   /note="Virion surface"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000255"
FT   CONFLICT        124
FT                   /note="N -> D (in Ref. 2; AAO89430)"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000305"
SQ   SEQUENCE   146 AA;  16329 MW;  27C91A3A47DB0A0A CRC64;
     MNSLSIFFIV VATAAVCLLF IQGYSIYENY GNIKEFNATH AAFEYSKSIG GTPALDRRVQ
     DVNDTISDVK QKWRCVVYPG NGFVSASIFG FQAEVGPNNT RSIRKFNTMQ QCIDFTFSDV
     ININIYNPCV VPNINNAECQ FLKSVL