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ASCG_ACREG
ID   ASCG_ACREG              Reviewed;         534 AA.
AC   A0A455R4X0;
DT   26-FEB-2020, integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot.
DT   05-JUN-2019, sequence version 1.
DT   03-AUG-2022, entry version 11.
DE   RecName: Full=Cytochrome P450 monooxygenase ascG {ECO:0000303|PubMed:30952781};
DE            EC=1.14.14.- {ECO:0000269|PubMed:30952781};
DE   AltName: Full=Ascofuranone/ascochlorin biosynthesis clusters protein G {ECO:0000303|PubMed:30952781};
GN   Name=ascG {ECO:0000303|PubMed:30952781};
OS   Acremonium egyptiacum (Oospora egyptiaca).
OC   Eukaryota; Fungi; Dikarya; Ascomycota; Pezizomycotina; Sordariomycetes;
OC   Hypocreomycetidae; Hypocreales; Hypocreales incertae sedis; Acremonium.
OX   NCBI_TaxID=749675;
RN   [1]
RP   NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA], FUNCTION, CATALYTIC ACTIVITY, INDUCTION,
RP   AND PATHWAY.
RC   STRAIN=F-1392;
RX   PubMed=30952781; DOI=10.1073/pnas.1819254116;
RA   Araki Y., Awakawa T., Matsuzaki M., Cho R., Matsuda Y., Hoshino S.,
RA   Shinohara Y., Yamamoto M., Kido Y., Inaoka D.K., Nagamune K., Ito K.,
RA   Abe I., Kita K.;
RT   "Complete biosynthetic pathways of ascofuranone and ascochlorin in
RT   Acremonium egyptiacum.";
RL   Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 116:8269-8274(2019).
RN   [2]
RP   BIOTECHNOLOGY.
RX   PubMed=12084465; DOI=10.1016/s0925-4439(02)00086-8;
RA   Nihei C., Fukai Y., Kita K.;
RT   "Trypanosome alternative oxidase as a target of chemotherapy.";
RL   Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1587:234-239(2002).
RN   [3]
RP   BIOTECHNOLOGY.
RX   PubMed=12798927; DOI=10.1016/s1383-5769(03)00012-6;
RA   Yabu Y., Yoshida A., Suzuki T., Nihei C., Kawai K., Minagawa N.,
RA   Hosokawa T., Nagai K., Kita K., Ohta N.;
RT   "The efficacy of ascofuranone in a consecutive treatment on Trypanosoma
RT   brucei brucei in mice.";
RL   Parasitol. Int. 52:155-164(2003).
RN   [4]
RP   BIOTECHNOLOGY.
RX   PubMed=20688188; DOI=10.1016/j.parint.2010.07.006;
RA   Nakamura K., Fujioka S., Fukumoto S., Inoue N., Sakamoto K., Hirata H.,
RA   Kido Y., Yabu Y., Suzuki T., Watanabe Y., Saimoto H., Akiyama H., Kita K.;
RT   "Trypanosome alternative oxidase, a potential therapeutic target for
RT   sleeping sickness, is conserved among Trypanosoma brucei subspecies.";
RL   Parasitol. Int. 59:560-564(2010).
CC   -!- FUNCTION: Cytochrome P450 monooxygenase; part of the asc-1 gene cluster
CC       that mediates the biosynthesis of both ascochlorin and ascofuranone, a
CC       strong inhibitor of cyanide-insensitive alternative oxidases and a
CC       promising drug candidate against African trypanosomiasis
CC       (PubMed:30952781). The first step in the pathway is performed by the
CC       non-reducing polyketide synthase ascC that produces orsellinic acid by
CC       condensing acetyl-CoA with 3 malonyl-CoA units (PubMed:30952781).
CC       Orsellinic acid is then prenylated by the prenyltransferase ascA to
CC       yield ilicicolinic acid B (PubMed:30952781). Ilicicolinic acid B is
CC       further reduced to ilicicolin B by the reductase ascB
CC       (PubMed:30952781). The halogenase ascD then chlorinates ilicicolin B to
CC       produce ilicicolin A which is converted to ilicicolin A epoxide by the
CC       cytochrome P450 monooxygenase ascE that catalyzes stereoselective
CC       epoxidation of the terminal double bond of the prenyl group
CC       (PubMed:30952781). Ilicicolin A epoxide is the last common precursor
CC       for the biosynthesis of ascofuranone and ascochlorin (PubMed:30952781).
CC       The terpene cyclase ascF produces a monocyclic terpene, and the
CC       cyclization reaction is proposed to be initiated by protonation of the
CC       terminal epoxide of ilicicolin A epoxide to generate a monocyclic
CC       tertiarycation, which is followed by a series of hydride and methyl
CC       shifts with abstraction of proton, leading to the formation of the
CC       (14S,15R,19R)-trimethylcyclohexanone ring structure of ilicicolin C,
CC       which is finally reduced to ascochlorin by the dehydrogenase ascG
CC       (PubMed:30952781). On the other hand, ilicicolin A epoxide is
CC       hydroxylated by the cytochrome P450 monooxygenase ascH, and the
CC       resultant product is cyclized by the terpene cyclase ascI to
CC       ascofuranol via protonation-initiated epoxide ring opening, which
CC       facilitates the 6-endo-tet cyclization to form the tetrahy-drofuran
CC       ring (PubMed:30952781). Finally, ascofuranol is oxidized into
CC       ascofuranone by ascJ (PubMed:30952781). {ECO:0000269|PubMed:30952781}.
CC   -!- CATALYTIC ACTIVITY:
CC       Reaction=H(+) + ilicicolin C + NADPH + O2 = ascochlorin + 2 H2O +
CC         NADP(+); Xref=Rhea:RHEA:63100, ChEBI:CHEBI:15377, ChEBI:CHEBI:15378,
CC         ChEBI:CHEBI:15379, ChEBI:CHEBI:57783, ChEBI:CHEBI:58349,
CC         ChEBI:CHEBI:146156, ChEBI:CHEBI:146157;
CC         Evidence={ECO:0000269|PubMed:30952781};
CC       PhysiologicalDirection=left-to-right; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:63101;
CC         Evidence={ECO:0000269|PubMed:30952781};
CC   -!- COFACTOR:
CC       Name=heme; Xref=ChEBI:CHEBI:30413;
CC         Evidence={ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P04798};
CC   -!- PATHWAY: Secondary metabolite biosynthesis; terpenoid biosynthesis.
CC       {ECO:0000269|PubMed:30952781}.
CC   -!- SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Membrane {ECO:0000255}; Single-pass membrane
CC       protein {ECO:0000255}.
CC   -!- INDUCTION: Expression is induced on AF medium.
CC       {ECO:0000269|PubMed:30952781}.
CC   -!- BIOTECHNOLOGY: Ascofuranone is a specific inhibitor of trypanosome
CC       alternative oxidase (TAO), and quickly kills African trypanosomes in
CC       vitro and cures infected mice. As an essential factor for trypanosome
CC       survival, TAO is a promising drug target due to the absence of
CC       alternative oxidases in the mammalian host.
CC       {ECO:0000269|PubMed:12084465, ECO:0000269|PubMed:12798927,
CC       ECO:0000269|PubMed:20688188}.
CC   -!- SIMILARITY: Belongs to the cytochrome P450 family. {ECO:0000305}.
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DR   EMBL; LC406756; BBF25319.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR   AlphaFoldDB; A0A455R4X0; -.
DR   SMR; A0A455R4X0; -.
DR   UniPathway; UPA00213; -.
DR   GO; GO:0016021; C:integral component of membrane; IEA:UniProtKB-KW.
DR   GO; GO:0020037; F:heme binding; IEA:InterPro.
DR   GO; GO:0005506; F:iron ion binding; IEA:InterPro.
DR   GO; GO:0004497; F:monooxygenase activity; IEA:UniProtKB-KW.
DR   GO; GO:0016705; F:oxidoreductase activity, acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen; IEA:InterPro.
DR   GO; GO:0016114; P:terpenoid biosynthetic process; IEA:UniProtKB-UniPathway.
DR   Gene3D; 1.10.630.10; -; 1.
DR   InterPro; IPR001128; Cyt_P450.
DR   InterPro; IPR017972; Cyt_P450_CS.
DR   InterPro; IPR002403; Cyt_P450_E_grp-IV.
DR   InterPro; IPR036396; Cyt_P450_sf.
DR   Pfam; PF00067; p450; 1.
DR   PRINTS; PR00465; EP450IV.
DR   SUPFAM; SSF48264; SSF48264; 1.
DR   PROSITE; PS00086; CYTOCHROME_P450; 1.
PE   1: Evidence at protein level;
KW   Glycoprotein; Heme; Iron; Membrane; Metal-binding; Monooxygenase;
KW   Oxidoreductase; Transmembrane; Transmembrane helix.
FT   CHAIN           1..534
FT                   /note="Cytochrome P450 monooxygenase ascG"
FT                   /id="PRO_0000449000"
FT   TRANSMEM        13..33
FT                   /note="Helical"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000255"
FT   BINDING         469
FT                   /ligand="heme"
FT                   /ligand_id="ChEBI:CHEBI:30413"
FT                   /ligand_part="Fe"
FT                   /ligand_part_id="ChEBI:CHEBI:18248"
FT                   /note="axial binding residue"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P04798"
FT   CARBOHYD        466
FT                   /note="N-linked (GlcNAc...) asparagine"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000255|PROSITE-ProRule:PRU00498"
SQ   SEQUENCE   534 AA;  60915 MW;  45641E5E804C46B4 CRC64;
     MGSLLFDSPV GRFVASFPAL SAAAGLIVAI SFIYIRFIKT PKLDLPVVGN PGDKWDAQKH
     IVAGARKYPD TPYILPMDPP IVVLPIKIQD EVRNLPENVV SFTKEHQRNF FAQYTGIGDH
     RPEMITAIRQ DLTRHIVSTI PGLQEEVRYG FDKEFGDCKD WTPFPLYMKV LRIVALTSGR
     VFVGRPLSRE EEWLQRTISY TMDCVKARNA IREYPWWKRR WVTSSLPEIA KLTEHRTRGG
     VLLKPIMDAQ LAKDSKREKI INEETGDEEG NFIEWLLKHT PGDLKMDPEN LALNQMVLAF
     ASVHTSSMSV THAILELVTR PEYFAPLREE LEEVRRADGH TVDDDGYIRL KKESINKLRK
     LDSFMKESQR FNPPISTSGT RICTADLKLS TGHTLPKGTR ICFPSYDVHH NPKTTTYSPE
     YNPPGYTPPD QFDGLRFFKL REMPGKESRH QFATANHESL VFGFGNHTCP GRFFAANQIK
     IILAELLMNW DVRLKGDVEQ KGGPEKRPQN MVVDLVITPN PMAMVEMKRR SRAV
 
 
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