PA2H5_TRIGA
ID PA2H5_TRIGA Reviewed; 138 AA.
AC P70090; P87482;
DT 15-DEC-1998, integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot.
DT 01-FEB-1997, sequence version 1.
DT 25-MAY-2022, entry version 97.
DE RecName: Full=Basic phospholipase A2 homolog 5;
DE Short=svPLA2 homolog;
DE AltName: Full=Phospholipase A2 isozyme V;
DE Short=PLA2-V;
DE Flags: Precursor;
OS Trimeresurus gramineus (Bamboo pit viper) (Indian green tree viper).
OC Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi;
OC Lepidosauria; Squamata; Bifurcata; Unidentata; Episquamata; Toxicofera;
OC Serpentes; Colubroidea; Viperidae; Crotalinae; Trimeresurus.
OX NCBI_TaxID=8767;
RN [1]
RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA / MRNA].
RC TISSUE=Venom gland;
RX PubMed=7777556; DOI=10.1073/pnas.92.12.5605;
RA Nakashima K., Nobuhisa I., Deshimaru M., Nakai M., Ogawa T.,
RA Shimohigashi Y., Fukumaki Y., Hattori M., Sakaki Y., Hattori S., Ohno M.;
RT "Accelerated evolution in the protein-coding regions is universal in
RT crotalinae snake venom gland phospholipase A2 isozyme genes.";
RL Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 92:5605-5609(1995).
RN [2]
RP PROTEIN SEQUENCE OF 17-138, AND SUBCELLULAR LOCATION.
RC TISSUE=Venom;
RX PubMed=8744986; DOI=10.1016/0041-0101(95)00090-9;
RA Nakai M., Nakashima K., Ogawa T., Shimohigashi Y., Hattori S., Chang C.-C.,
RA Ohno M.;
RT "Purification and primary structure of a myotoxic lysine-49 phospholipase
RT A2 with low lipolytic activity from Trimeresurus gramineus venom.";
RL Toxicon 33:1469-1478(1995).
CC -!- FUNCTION: Snake venom phospholipase A2 homolog that lacks enzymatic
CC activity (By similarity). Is myotoxic and displays edema-inducing
CC activities (By similarity). A model of myotoxic mechanism has been
CC proposed: an apo Lys49-PLA2 is activated by the entrance of a
CC hydrophobic molecule (e.g. fatty acid) at the hydrophobic channel of
CC the protein leading to a reorientation of a monomer (By similarity).
CC This reorientation causes a transition between 'inactive' to 'active'
CC states, causing alignment of C-terminal and membrane-docking sites
CC (MDoS) side-by-side and putting the membrane-disruption sites (MDiS) in
CC the same plane, exposed to solvent and in a symmetric position for both
CC monomers (By similarity). The MDoS region stabilizes the toxin on
CC membrane by the interaction of charged residues with phospholipid head
CC groups (By similarity). Subsequently, the MDiS region destabilizes the
CC membrane with penetration of hydrophobic residues (By similarity). This
CC insertion causes a disorganization of the membrane, allowing an
CC uncontrolled influx of ions (i.e. calcium and sodium), and eventually
CC triggering irreversible intracellular alterations and cell death (By
CC similarity). {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:I6L8L6,
CC ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q90249}.
CC -!- SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted {ECO:0000269|PubMed:7777556}.
CC -!- TISSUE SPECIFICITY: Expressed by the venom gland.
CC {ECO:0000305|PubMed:7777556}.
CC -!- SIMILARITY: Belongs to the phospholipase A2 family. Group II subfamily.
CC K49 sub-subfamily. {ECO:0000305}.
CC -!- CAUTION: Does not bind calcium as one of the calcium-binding sites is
CC lost (Asp->Lys in position 64, which corresponds to 'Lys-49' in the
CC current nomenclature). {ECO:0000305}.
CC -!- SEQUENCE CAUTION:
CC Sequence=BAA06553.1; Type=Erroneous initiation; Note=Extended N-terminus.; Evidence={ECO:0000305};
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DR EMBL; D31775; BAA06553.1; ALT_INIT; mRNA.
DR EMBL; D31781; BAA06559.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR AlphaFoldDB; P70090; -.
DR SMR; P70090; -.
DR GO; GO:0005576; C:extracellular region; IEA:UniProtKB-SubCell.
DR GO; GO:0005509; F:calcium ion binding; IEA:InterPro.
DR GO; GO:0004623; F:phospholipase A2 activity; IEA:InterPro.
DR GO; GO:0090729; F:toxin activity; IEA:UniProtKB-KW.
DR GO; GO:0050482; P:arachidonic acid secretion; IEA:InterPro.
DR GO; GO:0016042; P:lipid catabolic process; IEA:InterPro.
DR GO; GO:0006644; P:phospholipid metabolic process; IEA:InterPro.
DR CDD; cd00125; PLA2c; 1.
DR Gene3D; 1.20.90.10; -; 1.
DR InterPro; IPR001211; PLipase_A2.
DR InterPro; IPR033112; PLipase_A2_Asp_AS.
DR InterPro; IPR016090; PLipase_A2_dom.
DR InterPro; IPR036444; PLipase_A2_dom_sf.
DR InterPro; IPR033113; PLipase_A2_His_AS.
DR PANTHER; PTHR11716; PTHR11716; 1.
DR Pfam; PF00068; Phospholip_A2_1; 1.
DR PRINTS; PR00389; PHPHLIPASEA2.
DR SMART; SM00085; PA2c; 1.
DR SUPFAM; SSF48619; SSF48619; 1.
DR PROSITE; PS00119; PA2_ASP; 1.
DR PROSITE; PS00118; PA2_HIS; 1.
PE 1: Evidence at protein level;
KW Direct protein sequencing; Disulfide bond; Myotoxin; Secreted; Signal;
KW Toxin.
FT SIGNAL 1..16
FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:8744986"
FT CHAIN 17..138
FT /note="Basic phospholipase A2 homolog 5"
FT /id="PRO_0000022960"
FT REGION 121..133
FT /note="Important for membrane-damaging activities in
FT eukaryotes and bacteria; heparin-binding"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P24605"
FT SITE 121
FT /note="Important residue of the cationic membrane-docking
FT site (MDoS)"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:I6L8L6"
FT SITE 124
FT /note="Important residue of the cationic membrane-docking
FT site (MDoS)"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:I6L8L6"
FT SITE 127
FT /note="Hydrophobic membrane-disruption site (MDiS)"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:I6L8L6"
FT SITE 128
FT /note="Cationic membrane-docking site (MDoS)"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:I6L8L6"
FT SITE 130
FT /note="Hydrophobic membrane-disruption site (MDiS)"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:I6L8L6"
FT SITE 133
FT /note="Cationic membrane-docking site (MDoS)"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:I6L8L6"
FT DISULFID 42..131
FT /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q90249"
FT DISULFID 44..60
FT /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q90249"
FT DISULFID 59..111
FT /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q90249"
FT DISULFID 65..138
FT /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q90249"
FT DISULFID 66..104
FT /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q90249"
FT DISULFID 73..97
FT /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q90249"
FT DISULFID 91..102
FT /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q90249"
SQ SEQUENCE 138 AA; 15690 MW; 238F3A2FF131113F CRC64;
MRTLWIMAVL LLGVEGSVIE LGKMIFQETG KNPATSYGLY GCNCGPGGRR KPKDATDRCC
YVHKCCYKKL TDCDPIKDRY SYSWVNKAIV CGEDNPCLKE MCECDKAVAI CFRENLDTYD
KKKKINLKLF CKKTSEQC
