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PA2H_CRODU
ID   PA2H_CRODU              Reviewed;         138 AA.
AC   P08878;
DT   01-NOV-1988, integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot.
DT   01-NOV-1988, sequence version 1.
DT   25-MAY-2022, entry version 116.
DE   RecName: Full=Phospholipase A2 homolog crotoxin acid subunit CA;
DE            Short=CTX subunit CA;
DE   AltName: Full=Crotapotin;
DE   Contains:
DE     RecName: Full=Crotoxin chain alpha CA1, CA2 and CA4 {ECO:0000303|PubMed:1868083};
DE   Contains:
DE     RecName: Full=Crotoxin chain alpha CA3 {ECO:0000303|PubMed:1868083};
DE   Contains:
DE     RecName: Full=Crotoxin chain beta CA2, CA3 and CA4 {ECO:0000303|PubMed:1868083};
DE   Contains:
DE     RecName: Full=Crotoxin chain beta CA1 {ECO:0000303|PubMed:1868083};
DE   Contains:
DE     RecName: Full=Crotoxin chain gamma {ECO:0000303|PubMed:1868083};
DE     AltName: Full=Analgesic peptide {ECO:0000303|PubMed:18495297};
DE     AltName: Full=Crotalphine {ECO:0000303|PubMed:18495297, ECO:0000303|PubMed:18703042, ECO:0000303|PubMed:24460677};
DE   Flags: Precursor;
OS   Crotalus durissus terrificus (South American rattlesnake).
OC   Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi;
OC   Lepidosauria; Squamata; Bifurcata; Unidentata; Episquamata; Toxicofera;
OC   Serpentes; Colubroidea; Viperidae; Crotalinae; Crotalus.
OX   NCBI_TaxID=8732;
RN   [1]
RP   NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA].
RC   TISSUE=Venom gland;
RX   PubMed=3174444; DOI=10.1093/nar/16.18.9050;
RA   Ducancel F., Guignery Frelat G., Menez A., Boulain J.-C., Bouchier C.,
RA   Bon C.;
RT   "Cloning and sequencing of cDNAs encoding the two subunits of Crotoxin.";
RL   Nucleic Acids Res. 16:9050-9050(1988).
RN   [2]
RP   PROTEIN SEQUENCE OF 38-78; 83-118 AND 125-138 (CA1; CA2; CA3 AND CA4), AND
RP   PYROGLUTAMATE FORMATION AT GLN-84 AND GLN-125.
RC   TISSUE=Venom;
RX   PubMed=1868083; DOI=10.1021/bi00246a028;
RA   Faure G., Guilaume J.-L., Camoin L., Saliou B., Bon C.;
RT   "Multiplicity of acidic subunit isoforms of crotoxin, the phospholipase A2
RT   neurotoxin from Crotalus durissus terrificus venom, results from
RT   posttranslational modifications.";
RL   Biochemistry 30:8074-8084(1991).
RN   [3]
RP   PROTEIN SEQUENCE OF 39-76; 95-118 AND 125-138.
RC   TISSUE=Venom;
RX   PubMed=4084559; DOI=10.1021/bi00346a005;
RA   Aird S.D., Kaiser I.I., Lewis R.V., Kruggel W.G.;
RT   "Rattlesnake presynaptic neurotoxins: primary structure and evolutionary
RT   origin of the acidic subunit.";
RL   Biochemistry 24:7054-7058(1985).
RN   [4]
RP   PROTEIN SEQUENCE OF 84-118.
RC   TISSUE=Venom;
RX   PubMed=2400773; DOI=10.1016/0167-4838(90)90079-u;
RA   Aird S.D., Yates J.R. III, Martino P.A., Shabanowitz J., Hunt D.F.,
RA   Kaiser I.I.;
RT   "The amino acid sequence of the acidic subunit B-chain of crotoxin.";
RL   Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1040:217-224(1990).
RN   [5]
RP   PROTEIN SEQUENCE OF 125-138, MASS SPECTROMETRY, SYNTHESIS OF 125-138,
RP   FUNCTION, MUTAGENESIS OF GLN-136, AND DISULFIDE BOND.
RC   TISSUE=Venom;
RX   PubMed=18495297; DOI=10.1016/j.peptides.2008.04.003;
RA   Konno K., Picolo G., Gutierrez V.P., Brigatte P., Zambelli V.O.,
RA   Camargo A.C., Cury Y.;
RT   "Crotalphine, a novel potent analgesic peptide from the venom of the South
RT   American rattlesnake Crotalus durissus terrificus.";
RL   Peptides 29:1293-1304(2008).
RN   [6]
RP   BIOPHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES, SUBUNIT, AND LETHAL DOSES.
RX   PubMed=8513799; DOI=10.1111/j.1432-1033.1993.tb17946.x;
RA   Faure G., Harvey A.L., Thomson E., Saliou B., Radvanyi F., Bon C.;
RT   "Comparison of crotoxin isoforms reveals that stability of the complex
RT   plays a major role in its pharmacological action.";
RL   Eur. J. Biochem. 214:491-496(1993).
RN   [7]
RP   INHIBITION OF CROTOXIN BY CICS.
RX   PubMed=10903514; DOI=10.1046/j.1432-1327.2000.01532.x;
RA   Faure G., Villela C., Perales J., Bon C.;
RT   "Interaction of the neurotoxic and nontoxic secretory phospholipases A2
RT   with the crotoxin inhibitor from Crotalus serum.";
RL   Eur. J. Biochem. 267:4799-4808(2000).
RN   [8]
RP   PHARMACEUTICAL.
RX   PubMed=11948110;
RA   Cura J.E., Blanzaco D.P., Brisson C., Cura M.A., Cabrol R., Larrateguy L.,
RA   Mendez C., Sechi J.C., Silveira J.S., Theiller E., de Roodt A.R.,
RA   Vidal J.C.;
RT   "Phase I and pharmacokinetics study of crotoxin (cytotoxic PLA(2), NSC-
RT   624244) in patients with advanced cancer.";
RL   Clin. Cancer Res. 8:1033-1041(2002).
RN   [9]
RP   FUNCTION.
RX   PubMed=12657321; DOI=10.1016/s0041-0101(02)00394-x;
RA   Faure G., Copic A., Le Porrier S., Gubensek F., Bon C., Krizaj I.;
RT   "Crotoxin acceptor protein isolated from Torpedo electric organ: binding
RT   properties to crotoxin by surface plasmon resonance.";
RL   Toxicon 41:509-517(2003).
RN   [10]
RP   FUNCTION (CROTOXIN CHAIN GAMMA).
RX   PubMed=18703042; DOI=10.1016/j.ejphar.2008.07.053;
RA   Gutierrez V.P., Konno K., Chacur M., Sampaio S.C., Picolo G., Brigatte P.,
RA   Zambelli V.O., Cury Y.;
RT   "Crotalphine induces potent antinociception in neuropathic pain by acting
RT   at peripheral opioid receptors.";
RL   Eur. J. Pharmacol. 594:84-92(2008).
RN   [11]
RP   REVIEW.
RX   PubMed=20109480; DOI=10.1016/j.toxicon.2010.01.011;
RA   Sampaio S.C., Hyslop S., Fontes M.R., Prado-Franceschi J., Zambelli V.O.,
RA   Magro A.J., Brigatte P., Gutierrez V.P., Cury Y.;
RT   "Crotoxin: novel activities for a classic beta-neurotoxin.";
RL   Toxicon 55:1045-1060(2010).
RN   [12]
RP   FUNCTION (CROTOXIN CHAIN GAMMA), AND SYNTHESIS OF 125-138.
RX   PubMed=24460677; DOI=10.1111/bph.12488;
RA   Machado F.C., Zambelli V.O., Fernandes A.C., Heimann A.S., Cury Y.,
RA   Picolo G.;
RT   "Peripheral interactions between cannabinoid and opioid systems contribute
RT   to the antinociceptive effect of crotalphine.";
RL   Br. J. Pharmacol. 171:961-972(2014).
RN   [13]
RP   X-RAY CRYSTALLOGRAPHY (1.35 ANGSTROMS) OF 38-118 IN COMPLEX WITH CROTOXIN
RP   CBB SUBUNIT, SITES, AND DISULFIDE BONDS.
RC   TISSUE=Venom;
RX   PubMed=21787789; DOI=10.1016/j.jmb.2011.07.027;
RA   Faure G., Xu H., Saul F.A.;
RT   "Crystal structure of crotoxin reveals key residues involved in the
RT   stability and toxicity of this potent heterodimeric beta-neurotoxin.";
RL   J. Mol. Biol. 412:176-191(2011).
CC   -!- FUNCTION: CAalpha-CAbeta-CAgamma: The acidic subunit of crotoxin (CA)
CC       is a heterotrimer of three disulfide-linked chains generated by post-
CC       translational maturation of a PLA2-like precursor. CA has no PLA2
CC       activity and is not neurotoxic by itself, but plays several important
CC       functions in the crotoxin complex by increasing the lethal potency of
CC       the uncomplexed CB subunit. It acts by physically occluding the
CC       hydrophobic interfacial binding surface (IBS) of CB (PubMed:21787789
CC       and PubMed:21787789). This effect decreases the adsorption of CB to
CC       phospholipid membranes, targeting the crotoxin complex to reach the
CC       specific presynaptic receptor (R48) at the neuromuscular junction. It
CC       also prevents the formation of the reactive CB dimer. Moreover, the CA
CC       subunit inhibits the catalytic activity by partially masking the
CC       catalytic site of CB (PubMed:21787789) and inhibits its anticoagulant
CC       activity. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:21787789}.
CC   -!- FUNCTION: Heterodimer CA-CB: Crotoxin is a potent presynaptic
CC       neurotoxin that possesses phospholipase A2 (PLA2) activity and exerts a
CC       lethal action by blocking neuromuscular transmission. It consists of a
CC       non-covalent association of a basic and weakly toxic PLA2 subunit
CC       (CBa2, CBb, CBc, or CBd), with a small acidic, non-enzymatic and non-
CC       toxic subunit (CA1, CA2, CA3 or CA4). The complex acts by binding to a
CC       specific 48-kDa protein (R48/CAPT) receptor located on presynaptic
CC       membranes, forming a transient ternary complex CA-CB-R48, followed by
CC       dissociation of the CA-CB complex and release of the CA subunit
CC       (PubMed:12657321). At equilibrium, only the CB subunits remain
CC       associated with the specific crotoxin receptor. In addition to
CC       neurotoxicity, crotoxin has been found to exert myotoxicity,
CC       nephrotoxicity, and cardiovascular toxicity (PubMed:20109480).
CC       Moreover, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, anti-tumor and analgesic
CC       effects of crotoxin have also been reported (PubMed:20109480).
CC       {ECO:0000269|PubMed:12657321, ECO:0000269|PubMed:20109480}.
CC   -!- FUNCTION: [Crotoxin chain gamma]: Found in the venom as a monomer and
CC       stabilized by one disulfide bond (Cys-131 and Cys-138)
CC       (PubMed:18495297). This peptide induces potent antinociceptive effects
CC       in acute and chronic pain models (PubMed:18495297, PubMed:18703042).
CC       This effect is mediated by the release of peripheral dynorphin A, an
CC       endogenous agonist of kappa-opioid receptors, and this release is
CC       dependent on cannabinoid receptor CB2 activation (PubMed:24460677).
CC       {ECO:0000269|PubMed:18495297, ECO:0000269|PubMed:18703042,
CC       ECO:0000269|PubMed:24460677}.
CC   -!- BIOPHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES:
CC       Kinetic parameters:
CC         KM=0.05 uM for 1-palmitoyl-2-(10-pyrenyldecanoyl)-sn-glycero-3-
CC         monomethyl phosphatidic acid (class 2 heterodimer CA2-CBa2)
CC         {ECO:0000269|PubMed:8513799};
CC         KM=0.05 uM for 1-palmitoyl-2-(10-pyrenyldecanoyl)-sn-glycero-3-
CC         monomethyl phosphatidic acid (class 2 heterodimer CA3-CBa2)
CC         {ECO:0000269|PubMed:8513799};
CC         KM=0.3 uM for 1-palmitoyl-2-(10-pyrenyldecanoyl)-sn-glycero-3-
CC         monomethyl phosphatidic acid (class 2 heterodimer CA2-CBb)
CC         {ECO:0000269|PubMed:8513799};
CC         KM=0.2 uM for 1-palmitoyl-2-(10-pyrenyldecanoyl)-sn-glycero-3-
CC         monomethyl phosphatidic acid (class 2 heterodimer CA3-CBb)
CC         {ECO:0000269|PubMed:8513799};
CC         KM=0.22 uM for 1-palmitoyl-2-(10-pyrenyldecanoyl)-sn-glycero-3-
CC         monomethyl phosphatidic acid (class 2 heterodimer CA2-CBc)
CC         {ECO:0000269|PubMed:8513799};
CC         KM=0.2 uM for 1-palmitoyl-2-(10-pyrenyldecanoyl)-sn-glycero-3-
CC         monomethyl phosphatidic acid (class 2 heterodimer CA3-CBc)
CC         {ECO:0000269|PubMed:8513799};
CC         KM=0.35 uM for 1-palmitoyl-2-(10-pyrenyldecanoyl)-sn-glycero-3-
CC         monomethyl phosphatidic acid (class 2 heterodimer CA2-CBd)
CC         {ECO:0000269|PubMed:8513799};
CC         KM=0.3 uM for 1-palmitoyl-2-(10-pyrenyldecanoyl)-sn-glycero-3-
CC         monomethyl phosphatidic acid (class 2 heterodimer CA3-CBd)
CC         {ECO:0000269|PubMed:8513799};
CC         Vmax=25 umol/min/mg enzyme (class 2 heterodimer CA2-CBa2)
CC         {ECO:0000269|PubMed:8513799};
CC         Vmax=24 umol/min/mg enzyme (class 2 heterodimer CA3-CBa2)
CC         {ECO:0000269|PubMed:8513799};
CC         Vmax=10 umol/min/mg enzyme (class 2 heterodimer CA2-CBb)
CC         {ECO:0000269|PubMed:8513799};
CC         Vmax=9 umol/min/mg enzyme (class 2 heterodimer CA3-CBb)
CC         {ECO:0000269|PubMed:8513799};
CC         Vmax=7 umol/min/mg enzyme (class 2 heterodimer CA2-CBc)
CC         {ECO:0000269|PubMed:8513799};
CC         Vmax=6.6 umol/min/mg enzyme (class 2 heterodimer CA3-CBc)
CC         {ECO:0000269|PubMed:8513799};
CC         Vmax=4.6 umol/min/mg enzyme (class 2 heterodimer CA2-CBd)
CC         {ECO:0000269|PubMed:8513799};
CC         Vmax=4 umol/min/mg enzyme (class 2 heterodimer CA3-CBd)
CC         {ECO:0000269|PubMed:8513799};
CC   -!- SUBUNIT: Heterodimer of one of the acidic (CA1, CA2, CA3 or CA4) and
CC       one of the basic (CBa1, CBa2, CBb, CBc or CBd) subunits; non-covalently
CC       linked. The acidic subunit is non-toxic, without enzymatic activity and
CC       comprises 3 peptides that are cross-linked by 5 disulfide bridges. The
CC       basic subunit is toxic, has phospholipase A2 activity and is composed
CC       of a single chain. Multiple variants of each subunit give different
CC       crotoxin complexes that can be subdivided into 2 classes: (1) those of
CC       high toxicity, low PLA2 activity (CBb, CBc and CBd linked with high
CC       affinity to any CA) and high stability (K(d)=4.5 nM) and (2) those of
CC       moderate toxicity, high PLA2 activity (CBa2 linked with low affinity to
CC       any CA) and low stability (K(d)=25 nM). {ECO:0000269|PubMed:21787789,
CC       ECO:0000269|PubMed:8513799}.
CC   -!- SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted.
CC   -!- TISSUE SPECIFICITY: Expressed by the venom gland.
CC   -!- MASS SPECTROMETRY: [Crotoxin chain gamma]: Mass=1534.6; Method=MALDI;
CC       Note=Monoisotopic mass.; Evidence={ECO:0000269|PubMed:18495297};
CC   -!- TOXIC DOSE: In class 2 heterodimer CA2-CBa2, LD(50) is 420 ug/kg by
CC       intravenous injection into mice. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:8513799}.
CC   -!- TOXIC DOSE: In class 2 heterodimer CA2-CBa2, LD(50) is 650 ug/kg by
CC       subcutaneous injection into mice. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:8513799}.
CC   -!- TOXIC DOSE: In class 2 heterodimer CA3-CBa2, LD(50) is 450 ug/kg by
CC       intravenous injection into mice. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:8513799}.
CC   -!- TOXIC DOSE: In class 1 heterodimer CA2-CBb, LD(50) is 110 ug/kg by
CC       intravenous injection into mice. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:8513799}.
CC   -!- TOXIC DOSE: In class 1 heterodimer CA3-CBb, LD(50) is 95 ug/kg by
CC       intravenous injection into mice. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:8513799}.
CC   -!- TOXIC DOSE: In class 1 heterodimer CA2-CBc, LD(50) is 80 ug/kg by
CC       intravenous injection into mice. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:8513799}.
CC   -!- TOXIC DOSE: In class 1 heterodimer CA3-CBc, LD(50) is 110 ug/kg by
CC       intravenous injection into mice. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:8513799}.
CC   -!- TOXIC DOSE: In class 1 heterodimer CA2-CBd, LD(50) is 70 ug/kg by
CC       intravenous injection into mice. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:8513799}.
CC   -!- TOXIC DOSE: In class 1 heterodimer CA2-CBd, LD(50) is 150 ug/kg by
CC       subcutaneous injection into mice. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:8513799}.
CC   -!- TOXIC DOSE: In class 1 heterodimer CA3-CBd, LD(50) is 90 ug/kg by
CC       intravenous injection into mice. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:8513799}.
CC   -!- PHARMACEUTICAL: Crotoxin (CA-CBc) is under phase II clinical trial as
CC       an anti-tumor drug.
CC   -!- MISCELLANEOUS: The crotoxin heterodimer is inhibited by the crotoxin
CC       inhibitor from Crotalus serum (CICS). CICS neutralizes the lethal
CC       potency of crotoxin and inhibits its PLA2 activity. CICS only binds
CC       tightly to the CB subunit and induces the dissociation of the
CC       heterodimer (By similarity). Tested on the CA2-CBd heterodimer
CC       (PubMed:10903514). {ECO:0000250, ECO:0000305|PubMed:10903514}.
CC   -!- SIMILARITY: Belongs to the phospholipase A2 family. Group II subfamily.
CC       D49 sub-subfamily. {ECO:0000305}.
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DR   EMBL; X12606; CAA31126.1; -; mRNA.
DR   PIR; S01392; PSRSAT.
DR   PDB; 3R0L; X-ray; 1.35 A; A=38-76, B=84-118, C=125-138.
DR   PDBsum; 3R0L; -.
DR   AlphaFoldDB; P08878; -.
DR   SMR; P08878; -.
DR   ABCD; P08878; 1 sequenced antibody.
DR   SABIO-RK; P08878; -.
DR   GO; GO:0005576; C:extracellular region; IEA:UniProtKB-SubCell.
DR   GO; GO:0005509; F:calcium ion binding; IEA:InterPro.
DR   GO; GO:0004623; F:phospholipase A2 activity; IEA:InterPro.
DR   GO; GO:0090729; F:toxin activity; IEA:UniProtKB-KW.
DR   GO; GO:0050482; P:arachidonic acid secretion; IEA:InterPro.
DR   GO; GO:0016042; P:lipid catabolic process; IEA:InterPro.
DR   GO; GO:0006644; P:phospholipid metabolic process; IEA:InterPro.
DR   CDD; cd00125; PLA2c; 1.
DR   Gene3D; 1.20.90.10; -; 1.
DR   InterPro; IPR001211; PLipase_A2.
DR   InterPro; IPR033112; PLipase_A2_Asp_AS.
DR   InterPro; IPR016090; PLipase_A2_dom.
DR   InterPro; IPR036444; PLipase_A2_dom_sf.
DR   InterPro; IPR033113; PLipase_A2_His_AS.
DR   PANTHER; PTHR11716; PTHR11716; 1.
DR   Pfam; PF00068; Phospholip_A2_1; 1.
DR   PRINTS; PR00389; PHPHLIPASEA2.
DR   SMART; SM00085; PA2c; 1.
DR   SUPFAM; SSF48619; SSF48619; 1.
DR   PROSITE; PS00119; PA2_ASP; 1.
DR   PROSITE; PS00118; PA2_HIS; 1.
PE   1: Evidence at protein level;
KW   3D-structure; Direct protein sequencing; Disulfide bond;
KW   G-protein coupled receptor impairing toxin; Neurotoxin; Pharmaceutical;
KW   Presynaptic neurotoxin; Pyrrolidone carboxylic acid; Secreted; Signal;
KW   Toxin.
FT   SIGNAL          1..37
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:1868083"
FT   CHAIN           38..78
FT                   /note="Crotoxin chain alpha CA3"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:1868083"
FT                   /id="PRO_0000420453"
FT   CHAIN           38..76
FT                   /note="Crotoxin chain alpha CA1, CA2 and CA4"
FT                   /id="PRO_0000022854"
FT   PROPEP          79..82
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:1868083"
FT                   /id="PRO_0000022855"
FT   CHAIN           83..118
FT                   /note="Crotoxin chain beta CA1"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:1868083"
FT                   /id="PRO_0000420454"
FT   CHAIN           84..118
FT                   /note="Crotoxin chain beta CA2, CA3 and CA4"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:2400773"
FT                   /id="PRO_0000022856"
FT   PROPEP          119..124
FT                   /id="PRO_0000022857"
FT   CHAIN           125..138
FT                   /note="Crotoxin chain gamma"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:18495297,
FT                   ECO:0000269|PubMed:1868083, ECO:0000269|PubMed:4084559"
FT                   /id="PRO_0000022858"
FT   SITE            43
FT                   /note="Binds Val-18 of CBb"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:21787789"
FT   SITE            45
FT                   /note="Binds Asn-16 of CBb"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:21787789"
FT   SITE            45
FT                   /note="Binds Val-18 of CBb"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:21787789"
FT   SITE            49
FT                   /note="Binds Arg-14 of CBb"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:21787789"
FT   SITE            93
FT                   /note="Binds Gly-31 of CBb"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:21787789"
FT   SITE            95
FT                   /note="Binds Trp-61 of CA2, important for stability (Asp-
FT                   89)"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:21787789"
FT   SITE            105
FT                   /note="Binds Trp-30 of CA2, important for stability (Asp-
FT                   99)"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:21787789"
FT   MOD_RES         84
FT                   /note="Pyrrolidone carboxylic acid"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:1868083"
FT   MOD_RES         125
FT                   /note="Pyrrolidone carboxylic acid"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:1868083"
FT   DISULFID        42..131
FT                   /note="Interchain (between alpha and gamma chains);
FT                   alternate"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:21787789"
FT   DISULFID        44..60
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:21787789"
FT   DISULFID        59..111
FT                   /note="Interchain (between alpha and beta chains)"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:21787789"
FT   DISULFID        65..138
FT                   /note="Interchain (between alpha and gamma chains);
FT                   alternate"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:21787789"
FT   DISULFID        66..104
FT                   /note="Interchain (between alpha and beta chains)"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:21787789"
FT   DISULFID        73..97
FT                   /note="Interchain (between alpha and beta chains)"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:21787789"
FT   DISULFID        91..102
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:21787789"
FT   DISULFID        131..138
FT                   /note="Intrachain; alternate"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:18495297"
FT   MUTAGEN         136
FT                   /note="Q->K: No change in analgesic activity."
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:18495297"
FT   CONFLICT        74
FT                   /note="D -> N (in Ref. 3; AA sequence)"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000305"
FT   TURN            48..50
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:3R0L"
FT   HELIX           53..68
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:3R0L"
FT   HELIX           96..116
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:3R0L"
SQ   SEQUENCE   138 AA;  15273 MW;  F32771BE091CD888 CRC64;
     MRALWIVAVL LVGVEGSLVE FETLMMKIAG RSGISYYSSY GCYCGAGGQG WPQDASDRCC
     FEHDCCYAKL TGCDPTTDVY TYRQEDGEIV CGEDDPCGTQ ICECDKAAAI CFRNSMDTYD
     YKYLQFSPEN CQGESQPC
 
 
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