PAL1_CAEEL
ID PAL1_CAEEL Reviewed; 270 AA.
AC P34766; C9IY23; Q18513; Q65ZB9;
DT 01-FEB-1994, integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot.
DT 18-MAY-2010, sequence version 2.
DT 03-AUG-2022, entry version 174.
DE RecName: Full=Homeobox protein pal-1;
DE AltName: Full=Caudal homolog 1;
DE AltName: Full=Homeobox protein ceh-3;
DE AltName: Full=Posterior alae in males protein 1;
GN Name=pal-1; Synonyms=ceh-3; ORFNames=C38D4.6;
OS Caenorhabditis elegans.
OC Eukaryota; Metazoa; Ecdysozoa; Nematoda; Chromadorea; Rhabditida;
OC Rhabditina; Rhabditomorpha; Rhabditoidea; Rhabditidae; Peloderinae;
OC Caenorhabditis.
OX NCBI_TaxID=6239;
RN [1]
RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORM A), FUNCTION, AND DISRUPTION PHENOTYPE.
RC STRAIN=Bristol N2;
RX PubMed=2023634; DOI=10.1038/350712a0;
RA Waring D.A., Kenyon C.;
RT "Regulation of cellular responsiveness to inductive signals in the
RT developing C. elegans nervous system.";
RL Nature 350:712-715(1991).
RN [2]
RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA], AND ALTERNATIVE SPLICING.
RC STRAIN=Bristol N2;
RX PubMed=9851916; DOI=10.1126/science.282.5396.2012;
RG The C. elegans sequencing consortium;
RT "Genome sequence of the nematode C. elegans: a platform for investigating
RT biology.";
RL Science 282:2012-2018(1998).
RN [3]
RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] OF 198-268 (ISOFORMS A/B/C).
RC STRAIN=Bristol N2;
RX PubMed=2571091; DOI=10.1038/341239a0;
RA Buerglin T.R., Finney M., Coulson A., Ruvkun G.;
RT "Caenorhabditis elegans has scores of homoeobox-containing genes.";
RL Nature 341:239-243(1989).
RN [4]
RP FUNCTION, AND DISRUPTION PHENOTYPE.
RX PubMed=2295086; DOI=10.1016/0092-8674(90)90722-q;
RA Waring D.A., Kenyon C.;
RT "Selective silencing of cell communication influences anteroposterior
RT pattern formation in C. elegans.";
RL Cell 60:123-131(1990).
RN [5]
RP FUNCTION, SUBCELLULAR LOCATION, TISSUE SPECIFICITY, AND DEVELOPMENTAL
RP STAGE.
RX PubMed=8861906; DOI=10.1016/s0092-8674(00)81340-9;
RA Hunter C.P., Kenyon C.;
RT "Spatial and temporal controls target pal-1 blastomere-specification
RT activity to a single blastomere lineage in C. elegans embryos.";
RL Cell 87:217-226(1996).
RN [6]
RP FUNCTION.
RX PubMed=8625851; DOI=10.1242/dev.122.5.1651;
RA Salser S.J., Kenyon C.;
RT "A C. elegans Hox gene switches on, off, on and off again to regulate
RT proliferation, differentiation and morphogenesis.";
RL Development 122:1651-1661(1996).
RN [7]
RP FUNCTION, AND TISSUE SPECIFICITY.
RX PubMed=9367437; DOI=10.1242/dev.124.19.3815;
RA Bowerman B., Ingram M.K., Hunter C.P.;
RT "The maternal par genes and the segregation of cell fate specification
RT activities in early Caenorhabditis elegans embryos.";
RL Development 124:3815-3826(1997).
RN [8]
RP FUNCTION, INDUCTION BY HEAT SHOCK, AND TISSUE SPECIFICITY.
RX PubMed=9367442; DOI=10.1242/dev.124.19.3865;
RA Ahringer J.;
RT "Maternal control of a zygotic patterning gene in Caenorhabditis elegans.";
RL Development 124:3865-3869(1997).
RN [9]
RP FUNCTION, AND MISCELLANEOUS.
RX PubMed=10970880; DOI=10.1101/gad.814700;
RA Zhang H., Emmons S.W.;
RT "A C. elegans mediator protein confers regulatory selectivity on lineage-
RT specific expression of a transcription factor gene.";
RL Genes Dev. 14:2161-2172(2000).
RN [10]
RP FUNCTION, TISSUE SPECIFICITY, AND DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE.
RX PubMed=11133155; DOI=10.1006/dbio.2000.9977;
RA Edgar L.G., Carr S., Wang H., Wood W.B.;
RT "Zygotic expression of the caudal homolog pal-1 is required for posterior
RT patterning in Caenorhabditis elegans embryogenesis.";
RL Dev. Biol. 229:71-88(2001).
RN [11]
RP TISSUE SPECIFICITY.
RX PubMed=11830574; DOI=10.1242/dev.129.3.747;
RA Huang N.N., Mootz D.E., Walhout A.J., Vidal M., Hunter C.P.;
RT "MEX-3 interacting proteins link cell polarity to asymmetric gene
RT expression in Caenorhabditis elegans.";
RL Development 129:747-759(2002).
RN [12]
RP DISRUPTION PHENOTYPE.
RX PubMed=12791273; DOI=10.1016/s1534-5807(03)00135-7;
RA Ross J.M., Zarkower D.;
RT "Polycomb group regulation of Hox gene expression in C. elegans.";
RL Dev. Cell 4:891-901(2003).
RN [13]
RP INTERACTION WITH TIR-1.
RX PubMed=15048112; DOI=10.1038/ni1060;
RA Couillault C., Pujol N., Reboul J., Sabatier L., Guichou J.-F., Kohara Y.,
RA Ewbank J.J.;
RT "TLR-independent control of innate immunity in Caenorhabditis elegans by
RT the TIR domain adaptor protein TIR-1, an ortholog of human SARM.";
RL Nat. Immunol. 5:488-494(2004).
RN [14]
RP FUNCTION.
RX PubMed=16084508; DOI=10.1016/j.ydbio.2005.06.022;
RA Maduro M.F., Kasmir J.J., Zhu J., Rothman J.H.;
RT "The Wnt effector POP-1 and the PAL-1/Caudal homeoprotein collaborate with
RT SKN-1 to activate C. elegans endoderm development.";
RL Dev. Biol. 285:510-523(2005).
RN [15]
RP FUNCTION.
RX PubMed=15772130; DOI=10.1242/dev.01774;
RA Fukushige T., Krause M.;
RT "The myogenic potency of HLH-1 reveals wide-spread developmental plasticity
RT in early C. elegans embryos.";
RL Development 132:1795-1805(2005).
RN [16]
RP FUNCTION.
RX PubMed=15772128; DOI=10.1242/dev.01782;
RA Baugh L.R., Hill A.A., Claggett J.M., Hill-Harfe K., Wen J.C., Slonim D.K.,
RA Brown E.L., Hunter C.P.;
RT "The homeodomain protein PAL-1 specifies a lineage-specific regulatory
RT network in the C. elegans embryo.";
RL Development 132:1843-1854(2005).
RN [17]
RP INTERACTION WITH LET-756.
RX PubMed=16672054; DOI=10.1186/1471-2164-7-105;
RA Popovici C., Berda Y., Conchonaud F., Harbis A., Birnbaum D., Roubin R.;
RT "Direct and heterologous approaches to identify the LET-756/FGF
RT interactome.";
RL BMC Genomics 7:105-105(2006).
RN [18]
RP FUNCTION, AND DISRUPTION PHENOTYPE.
RX PubMed=16831832; DOI=10.1242/dev.02475;
RA Broitman-Maduro G., Lin K.T., Hung W.W., Maduro M.F.;
RT "Specification of the C. elegans MS blastomere by the T-box factor TBX-
RT 35.";
RL Development 133:3097-3106(2006).
RN [19]
RP FUNCTION.
RX PubMed=17329362; DOI=10.1242/dev.02818;
RA Maurer C.W., Chiorazzi M., Shaham S.;
RT "Timing of the onset of a developmental cell death is controlled by
RT transcriptional induction of the C. elegans ced-3 caspase-encoding gene.";
RL Development 134:1357-1368(2007).
RN [20]
RP FUNCTION.
RX PubMed=18277379; DOI=10.1038/msb.2008.6;
RA Yanai I., Baugh L.R., Smith J.J., Roehrig C., Shen-Orr S.S., Claggett J.M.,
RA Hill A.A., Slonim D.K., Hunter C.P.;
RT "Pairing of competitive and topologically distinct regulatory modules
RT enhances patterned gene expression.";
RL Mol. Syst. Biol. 4:163-163(2008).
CC -!- FUNCTION: Transcriptional activator. Interacts with promoter regions
CC for tbx-8.9, tbx-9, elt-1, hnd-1, scrt-1, and vab-7 genes. Binds the
CC sequence ATTTATGAC. Binds to the enhancer region of the hlh-1 gene
CC promoter during embryonic body wall muscle development. Activates the
CC gene for mab-5 in embryo development. Necessary for vab-7 expression in
CC C blastomeres in the posterior of embryos. Required for posterior V6
CC neuroectoblast cell fate specification during postembryonic
CC neurogenesis (patterning) which generates the characteristic ray
CC lineage during male tail development. Binds to ced-3 promoter and
CC activated expression which is crucial for tail-spike cell death. Has a
CC role in E cell specification in endoderm development and body wall
CC muscle development. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:10970880,
CC ECO:0000269|PubMed:11133155, ECO:0000269|PubMed:15772128,
CC ECO:0000269|PubMed:15772130, ECO:0000269|PubMed:16084508,
CC ECO:0000269|PubMed:16831832, ECO:0000269|PubMed:17329362,
CC ECO:0000269|PubMed:18277379, ECO:0000269|PubMed:2023634,
CC ECO:0000269|PubMed:2295086, ECO:0000269|PubMed:8625851,
CC ECO:0000269|PubMed:8861906, ECO:0000269|PubMed:9367437,
CC ECO:0000269|PubMed:9367442}.
CC -!- SUBUNIT: Interacts with tir-1 and let-756.
CC {ECO:0000269|PubMed:15048112, ECO:0000269|PubMed:16672054}.
CC -!- INTERACTION:
CC P34766; P34441: emb-30; NbExp=2; IntAct=EBI-311911, EBI-311903;
CC -!- SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus {ECO:0000255|PROSITE-ProRule:PRU00108,
CC ECO:0000269|PubMed:8861906}. Chromosome, centromere, kinetochore
CC {ECO:0000269|PubMed:8861906}. Chromosome {ECO:0000269|PubMed:8861906}.
CC Note=Localized to condensed chromosomes.
CC -!- ALTERNATIVE PRODUCTS:
CC Event=Alternative splicing; Named isoforms=3;
CC Name=a;
CC IsoId=P34766-1; Sequence=Displayed;
CC Name=b;
CC IsoId=P34766-2; Sequence=VSP_039083;
CC Name=c;
CC IsoId=P34766-3; Sequence=VSP_039082, VSP_039083;
CC -!- TISSUE SPECIFICITY: Blastomeres. Embryo. Oocytes.
CC {ECO:0000269|PubMed:11133155, ECO:0000269|PubMed:11830574,
CC ECO:0000269|PubMed:8861906, ECO:0000269|PubMed:9367437,
CC ECO:0000269|PubMed:9367442}.
CC -!- DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE: Expressed both maternally and zygotically.
CC Expression observed at the 4 cell embryo in posterior blastomeres.
CC Detected in all descendants of EMS and P2 blastomeres. During
CC gastrulation and morphogenesis expression is seen sporadically in all
CC major cell lineages except the germ line. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:11133155,
CC ECO:0000269|PubMed:8861906}.
CC -!- INDUCTION: By heat shock. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:9367442}.
CC -!- DISRUPTION PHENOTYPE: Embryos shows disorganization of cell types and
CC lack specification. Loss of V6 rays development in male tail. C and D
CC blastomere derived muscle. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:12791273,
CC ECO:0000269|PubMed:16831832, ECO:0000269|PubMed:2023634,
CC ECO:0000269|PubMed:2295086}.
CC -!- MISCELLANEOUS: Fifth intron is thought to contain a regulatory element
CC required for expression in postembryonic neuroblast V6 cells. 3'-UTR
CC thought to inhibit self-translation in anterior blastomeres.
CC -!- SIMILARITY: Belongs to the Caudal homeobox family. {ECO:0000305}.
CC -!- SEQUENCE CAUTION:
CC Sequence=CAA44619.1; Type=Erroneous initiation; Note=Truncated N-terminus.; Evidence={ECO:0000305};
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DR EMBL; X62782; CAA44619.1; ALT_INIT; mRNA.
DR EMBL; Z46241; CAA86322.2; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR EMBL; Z46241; CAH19082.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR EMBL; Z46241; CBG22736.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR EMBL; X57140; CAA40419.1; -; mRNA.
DR PIR; S15091; S15091.
DR PIR; T19829; T19829.
DR RefSeq; NP_001021209.1; NM_001026038.4. [P34766-1]
DR RefSeq; NP_001021210.1; NM_001026039.3. [P34766-2]
DR RefSeq; NP_001254921.1; NM_001267992.1. [P34766-3]
DR AlphaFoldDB; P34766; -.
DR SMR; P34766; -.
DR BioGRID; 40872; 73.
DR IntAct; P34766; 51.
DR STRING; 6239.C38D4.6a; -.
DR EPD; P34766; -.
DR PaxDb; P34766; -.
DR EnsemblMetazoa; C38D4.6a.1; C38D4.6a.1; WBGene00003912. [P34766-1]
DR EnsemblMetazoa; C38D4.6a.2; C38D4.6a.2; WBGene00003912. [P34766-1]
DR EnsemblMetazoa; C38D4.6b.1; C38D4.6b.1; WBGene00003912. [P34766-2]
DR EnsemblMetazoa; C38D4.6b.2; C38D4.6b.2; WBGene00003912. [P34766-2]
DR EnsemblMetazoa; C38D4.6c.1; C38D4.6c.1; WBGene00003912. [P34766-3]
DR GeneID; 175638; -.
DR KEGG; cel:CELE_C38D4.6; -.
DR UCSC; C38D4.6a.2; c. elegans. [P34766-1]
DR CTD; 175638; -.
DR WormBase; C38D4.6a; CE27837; WBGene00003912; pal-1. [P34766-1]
DR WormBase; C38D4.6b; CE05383; WBGene00003912; pal-1. [P34766-2]
DR WormBase; C38D4.6c; CE44166; WBGene00003912; pal-1. [P34766-3]
DR eggNOG; KOG0848; Eukaryota.
DR InParanoid; P34766; -.
DR OMA; VWPFMDY; -.
DR OrthoDB; 1327315at2759; -.
DR SignaLink; P34766; -.
DR PRO; PR:P34766; -.
DR Proteomes; UP000001940; Chromosome III.
DR Bgee; WBGene00003912; Expressed in germ line (C elegans) and 13 other tissues.
DR GO; GO:0000794; C:condensed nuclear chromosome; IDA:WormBase.
DR GO; GO:0000776; C:kinetochore; IEA:UniProtKB-KW.
DR GO; GO:0005634; C:nucleus; IDA:WormBase.
DR GO; GO:0003700; F:DNA-binding transcription factor activity; IBA:GO_Central.
DR GO; GO:0000981; F:DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific; IDA:WormBase.
DR GO; GO:0000977; F:RNA polymerase II transcription regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding; IDA:WormBase.
DR GO; GO:0009887; P:animal organ morphogenesis; IBA:GO_Central.
DR GO; GO:0009948; P:anterior/posterior axis specification; IBA:GO_Central.
DR GO; GO:0030154; P:cell differentiation; IBA:GO_Central.
DR GO; GO:0001712; P:ectodermal cell fate commitment; IMP:WormBase.
DR GO; GO:0009792; P:embryo development ending in birth or egg hatching; IMP:WormBase.
DR GO; GO:0009880; P:embryonic pattern specification; IMP:WormBase.
DR GO; GO:0042693; P:muscle cell fate commitment; IMP:WormBase.
DR GO; GO:0043065; P:positive regulation of apoptotic process; IMP:WormBase.
DR GO; GO:1903800; P:positive regulation of miRNA maturation; IMP:UniProtKB.
DR GO; GO:0045944; P:positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II; IDA:WormBase.
DR GO; GO:0006357; P:regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II; IBA:GO_Central.
DR CDD; cd00086; homeodomain; 1.
DR InterPro; IPR009057; Homeobox-like_sf.
DR InterPro; IPR017970; Homeobox_CS.
DR InterPro; IPR001356; Homeobox_dom.
DR Pfam; PF00046; Homeodomain; 1.
DR SMART; SM00389; HOX; 1.
DR SUPFAM; SSF46689; SSF46689; 1.
DR PROSITE; PS00027; HOMEOBOX_1; 1.
DR PROSITE; PS50071; HOMEOBOX_2; 1.
PE 1: Evidence at protein level;
KW Activator; Alternative splicing; Centromere; Chromosome;
KW Developmental protein; DNA-binding; Homeobox; Kinetochore; Nucleus;
KW Reference proteome; Transcription; Transcription regulation.
FT CHAIN 1..270
FT /note="Homeobox protein pal-1"
FT /id="PRO_0000049234"
FT DNA_BIND 206..265
FT /note="Homeobox"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255|PROSITE-ProRule:PRU00108"
FT REGION 1..24
FT /note="Disordered"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000256|SAM:MobiDB-lite"
FT REGION 96..130
FT /note="Disordered"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000256|SAM:MobiDB-lite"
FT REGION 175..201
FT /note="Disordered"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000256|SAM:MobiDB-lite"
FT COMPBIAS 99..130
FT /note="Polar residues"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000256|SAM:MobiDB-lite"
FT VAR_SEQ 1..46
FT /note="Missing (in isoform c)"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000305"
FT /id="VSP_039082"
FT VAR_SEQ 166..167
FT /note="Missing (in isoform b and isoform c)"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000305"
FT /id="VSP_039083"
SQ SEQUENCE 270 AA; 30334 MW; 8ECBD30E71892A77 CRC64;
MSVDVKSDFS ENESSSTPSP TTVPADVTWP HYPMMPFMQP HPLREKMLQP TFDPQIYGRW
SQMGDTGFYG HPDLYPFGLP QLAANGQIPA VEAVDVKPPL SNGSSSSDSG MYPSPSDMMT
PFPSTSSGAA SSSELSAAAA AAANYQMRAA TCYQQSVWPF MDYQQFQGFS WKMPLGNNHG
KDRRSSSDGK TLPTGPGTNN VRVRTADKYR MVYSDYQRLE LEKEFHTSPF ITSDRKSQLS
TMLSLTERQI KIWFQNRRAK DRRDKQKIRL
