PAR1_ARATH
ID PAR1_ARATH Reviewed; 118 AA.
AC Q9SJH0;
DT 14-MAY-2014, integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot.
DT 01-MAY-2000, sequence version 1.
DT 25-MAY-2022, entry version 117.
DE RecName: Full=Transcription factor PAR1;
DE AltName: Full=Basic helix-loop-helix protein 165;
DE Short=AtbHLH165;
DE Short=bHLH 165;
DE AltName: Full=Protein HELIX-LOOP-HELIX 1;
DE AltName: Full=Protein PHYTOCHROME RAPIDLY REGULATED 1;
DE AltName: Full=bHLH transcription factor bHLH165;
GN Name=PAR1; Synonyms=BHLH165, HLH1; OrderedLocusNames=At2g42870;
GN ORFNames=F7D19.13;
OS Arabidopsis thaliana (Mouse-ear cress).
OC Eukaryota; Viridiplantae; Streptophyta; Embryophyta; Tracheophyta;
OC Spermatophyta; Magnoliopsida; eudicotyledons; Gunneridae; Pentapetalae;
OC rosids; malvids; Brassicales; Brassicaceae; Camelineae; Arabidopsis.
OX NCBI_TaxID=3702;
RN [1]
RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA].
RC TISSUE=Seedling;
RX PubMed=16322556; DOI=10.1101/gad.364005;
RA Sessa G., Carabelli M., Sassi M., Ciolfi A., Possenti M., Mittempergher F.,
RA Becker J., Morelli G., Ruberti I.;
RT "A dynamic balance between gene activation and repression regulates the
RT shade avoidance response in Arabidopsis.";
RL Genes Dev. 19:2811-2815(2005).
RN [2]
RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA].
RC STRAIN=cv. Columbia;
RX PubMed=10617197; DOI=10.1038/45471;
RA Lin X., Kaul S., Rounsley S.D., Shea T.P., Benito M.-I., Town C.D.,
RA Fujii C.Y., Mason T.M., Bowman C.L., Barnstead M.E., Feldblyum T.V.,
RA Buell C.R., Ketchum K.A., Lee J.J., Ronning C.M., Koo H.L., Moffat K.S.,
RA Cronin L.A., Shen M., Pai G., Van Aken S., Umayam L., Tallon L.J.,
RA Gill J.E., Adams M.D., Carrera A.J., Creasy T.H., Goodman H.M.,
RA Somerville C.R., Copenhaver G.P., Preuss D., Nierman W.C., White O.,
RA Eisen J.A., Salzberg S.L., Fraser C.M., Venter J.C.;
RT "Sequence and analysis of chromosome 2 of the plant Arabidopsis thaliana.";
RL Nature 402:761-768(1999).
RN [3]
RP GENOME REANNOTATION.
RC STRAIN=cv. Columbia;
RX PubMed=27862469; DOI=10.1111/tpj.13415;
RA Cheng C.Y., Krishnakumar V., Chan A.P., Thibaud-Nissen F., Schobel S.,
RA Town C.D.;
RT "Araport11: a complete reannotation of the Arabidopsis thaliana reference
RT genome.";
RL Plant J. 89:789-804(2017).
RN [4]
RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA].
RC STRAIN=cv. Columbia;
RX PubMed=11910074; DOI=10.1126/science.1071006;
RA Seki M., Narusaka M., Kamiya A., Ishida J., Satou M., Sakurai T.,
RA Nakajima M., Enju A., Akiyama K., Oono Y., Muramatsu M., Hayashizaki Y.,
RA Kawai J., Carninci P., Itoh M., Ishii Y., Arakawa T., Shibata K.,
RA Shinagawa A., Shinozaki K.;
RT "Functional annotation of a full-length Arabidopsis cDNA collection.";
RL Science 296:141-145(2002).
RN [5]
RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA].
RC STRAIN=cv. Columbia;
RX PubMed=14593172; DOI=10.1126/science.1088305;
RA Yamada K., Lim J., Dale J.M., Chen H., Shinn P., Palm C.J., Southwick A.M.,
RA Wu H.C., Kim C.J., Nguyen M., Pham P.K., Cheuk R.F., Karlin-Newmann G.,
RA Liu S.X., Lam B., Sakano H., Wu T., Yu G., Miranda M., Quach H.L.,
RA Tripp M., Chang C.H., Lee J.M., Toriumi M.J., Chan M.M., Tang C.C.,
RA Onodera C.S., Deng J.M., Akiyama K., Ansari Y., Arakawa T., Banh J.,
RA Banno F., Bowser L., Brooks S.Y., Carninci P., Chao Q., Choy N., Enju A.,
RA Goldsmith A.D., Gurjal M., Hansen N.F., Hayashizaki Y., Johnson-Hopson C.,
RA Hsuan V.W., Iida K., Karnes M., Khan S., Koesema E., Ishida J., Jiang P.X.,
RA Jones T., Kawai J., Kamiya A., Meyers C., Nakajima M., Narusaka M.,
RA Seki M., Sakurai T., Satou M., Tamse R., Vaysberg M., Wallender E.K.,
RA Wong C., Yamamura Y., Yuan S., Shinozaki K., Davis R.W., Theologis A.,
RA Ecker J.R.;
RT "Empirical analysis of transcriptional activity in the Arabidopsis
RT genome.";
RL Science 302:842-846(2003).
RN [6]
RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA].
RA Brover V.V., Troukhan M.E., Alexandrov N.A., Lu Y.-P., Flavell R.B.,
RA Feldmann K.A.;
RT "Full-length cDNA from Arabidopsis thaliana.";
RL Submitted (MAR-2002) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases.
RN [7]
RP FUNCTION, AND SUBCELLULAR LOCATION.
RX PubMed=17948056; DOI=10.1038/sj.emboj.7601890;
RA Roig-Villanova I., Bou-Torrent J., Galstyan A., Carretero-Paulet L.,
RA Portoles S., Rodriguez-Concepcion M., Martinez-Garcia J.F.;
RT "Interaction of shade avoidance and auxin responses: a role for two novel
RT atypical bHLH proteins.";
RL EMBO J. 26:4756-4767(2007).
RN [8]
RP FUNCTION, SUBUNIT, SUBCELLULAR LOCATION, AND MUTAGENESIS OF LEU-66.
RX PubMed=21205034; DOI=10.1111/j.1365-313x.2011.04485.x;
RA Galstyan A., Cifuentes-Esquivel N., Bou-Torrent J., Martinez-Garcia J.F.;
RT "The shade avoidance syndrome in Arabidopsis: a fundamental role for
RT atypical basic helix-loop-helix proteins as transcriptional cofactors.";
RL Plant J. 66:258-267(2011).
CC -!- FUNCTION: Atypical bHLH transcription factor that acts as negative
CC regulator of a variety of shade avoidance syndrome (SAS) responses,
CC including seedling elongation and photosynthetic pigment accumulation.
CC Acts as direct transcriptional repressor of two auxin-responsive genes,
CC SAUR15 and SAUR68. May function in integrating shade and hormone
CC transcriptional networks in response to light and auxin changes.
CC {ECO:0000269|PubMed:17948056, ECO:0000269|PubMed:21205034}.
CC -!- SUBUNIT: Homodimer. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:21205034}.
CC -!- SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus {ECO:0000255|PROSITE-ProRule:PRU00981,
CC ECO:0000269|PubMed:17948056, ECO:0000269|PubMed:21205034}.
CC -!- MISCELLANEOUS: Plants overexpressing PAR1 are dwarf with compact
CC rosettes and inflorescences, epinastic leaves, shorter flowering stems
CC and siliques and a general dark-green phenotype. Plants silencing PAR1
CC exhibit a slight increase in the length of hypocotyls, cotyledons and
CC primary leaves (PubMed:17948056). {ECO:0000305|PubMed:17948056}.
CC -!- SIMILARITY: Belongs to the bHLH protein family. {ECO:0000305}.
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DR EMBL; BN000864; CAJ55345.1; -; mRNA.
DR EMBL; AC006931; AAD21722.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR EMBL; CP002685; AEC10179.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR EMBL; AK118184; BAC42807.1; -; mRNA.
DR EMBL; BT004925; AAO50458.1; -; mRNA.
DR EMBL; AY084291; AAM60882.1; -; mRNA.
DR PIR; C84859; C84859.
DR RefSeq; NP_565988.1; NM_129848.3.
DR AlphaFoldDB; Q9SJH0; -.
DR SMR; Q9SJH0; -.
DR BioGRID; 4224; 18.
DR IntAct; Q9SJH0; 14.
DR STRING; 3702.AT2G42870.1; -.
DR iPTMnet; Q9SJH0; -.
DR PaxDb; Q9SJH0; -.
DR PRIDE; Q9SJH0; -.
DR EnsemblPlants; AT2G42870.1; AT2G42870.1; AT2G42870.
DR GeneID; 818887; -.
DR Gramene; AT2G42870.1; AT2G42870.1; AT2G42870.
DR KEGG; ath:AT2G42870; -.
DR Araport; AT2G42870; -.
DR TAIR; locus:2052372; AT2G42870.
DR eggNOG; ENOG502S830; Eukaryota.
DR HOGENOM; CLU_111355_1_0_1; -.
DR InParanoid; Q9SJH0; -.
DR OMA; NLDKQDM; -.
DR OrthoDB; 1544494at2759; -.
DR PhylomeDB; Q9SJH0; -.
DR PRO; PR:Q9SJH0; -.
DR Proteomes; UP000006548; Chromosome 2.
DR ExpressionAtlas; Q9SJH0; baseline and differential.
DR Genevisible; Q9SJH0; AT.
DR GO; GO:0005634; C:nucleus; IDA:TAIR.
DR GO; GO:0042803; F:protein homodimerization activity; IPI:UniProtKB.
DR GO; GO:0003712; F:transcription coregulator activity; IMP:TAIR.
DR GO; GO:0009742; P:brassinosteroid mediated signaling pathway; IEA:UniProtKB-KW.
DR GO; GO:0032502; P:developmental process; IMP:TAIR.
DR GO; GO:0045892; P:negative regulation of transcription, DNA-templated; IMP:TAIR.
DR GO; GO:0040008; P:regulation of growth; IEA:UniProtKB-KW.
DR GO; GO:0009641; P:shade avoidance; IMP:TAIR.
DR CDD; cd11444; bHLH_AtIBH1_like; 1.
DR InterPro; IPR044549; bHLH_AtIBH1-like.
DR InterPro; IPR044660; IBH1-like.
DR PANTHER; PTHR33124; PTHR33124; 1.
PE 1: Evidence at protein level;
KW Brassinosteroid signaling pathway; Growth regulation; Nucleus;
KW Reference proteome; Repressor; Transcription; Transcription regulation.
FT CHAIN 1..118
FT /note="Transcription factor PAR1"
FT /id="PRO_0000429106"
FT DOMAIN 43..92
FT /note="bHLH"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255|PROSITE-ProRule:PRU00981"
FT REGION 1..58
FT /note="Disordered"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000256|SAM:MobiDB-lite"
FT COMPBIAS 9..23
FT /note="Polar residues"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000256|SAM:MobiDB-lite"
FT COMPBIAS 28..48
FT /note="Basic and acidic residues"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000256|SAM:MobiDB-lite"
FT MUTAGEN 66
FT /note="L->E: Loss of function and homodimerization."
FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:21205034"
SQ SEQUENCE 118 AA; 13151 MW; 2C8C990C90BE19CA CRC64;
MEETLATPDA TRRSLSPSCS ATVKSRAAGF ERRTKRRLSE TNASVREDRE EAEEEEDEVK
EKIEALQRII PGGAALGVDA LFEETAGYIL SLQCQIKTIK VLTSFLQRID QEDMKFGG
