PATC_PENEN
ID PATC_PENEN Reviewed; 546 AA.
AC A0A075TRA9;
DT 05-DEC-2018, integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot.
DT 29-OCT-2014, sequence version 1.
DT 03-AUG-2022, entry version 34.
DE RecName: Full=MFS-type transporter patC {ECO:0000303|PubMed:25120234};
DE AltName: Full=Patulin biosynthesis cluster protein C {ECO:0000303|PubMed:25120234};
GN Name=patC {ECO:0000303|PubMed:25120234}; ORFNames=PEX2_082790;
OS Penicillium expansum (Blue mold rot fungus).
OC Eukaryota; Fungi; Dikarya; Ascomycota; Pezizomycotina; Eurotiomycetes;
OC Eurotiomycetidae; Eurotiales; Aspergillaceae; Penicillium.
OX NCBI_TaxID=27334;
RN [1]
RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA], IDENTIFICATION, FUNCTION, AND INDUCTION.
RC STRAIN=NRRL 35695;
RX PubMed=25120234; DOI=10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2014.07.028;
RA Tannous J., El Khoury R., Snini S.P., Lippi Y., El Khoury A., Atoui A.,
RA Lteif R., Oswald I.P., Puel O.;
RT "Sequencing, physical organization and kinetic expression of the patulin
RT biosynthetic gene cluster from Penicillium expansum.";
RL Int. J. Food Microbiol. 189C:51-60(2014).
RN [2]
RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA].
RC STRAIN=MD-8;
RX PubMed=25338147; DOI=10.1094/MPMI-09-14-0261-FI;
RA Ballester A.R., Marcet-Houben M., Levin E., Sela N., Selma-Lazaro C.,
RA Carmona L., Wisniewski M., Droby S., Gonzalez-Candelas L., Gabaldon T.;
RT "Genome, transcriptome, and functional analyses of Penicillium expansum
RT provide new insights into secondary metabolism and pathogenicity.";
RL Mol. Plant Microbe Interact. 28:232-248(2015).
RN [3]
RP BIOTECHNOLOGY.
RX PubMed=15082620; DOI=10.1093/ije/dyh028;
RG Patulin Clinical Trials Committee, Medical Research Council;
RT "Clinical trial of patulin in the common cold. 1944.";
RL Int. J. Epidemiol. 33:243-246(2004).
RN [4]
RP BIOTECHNOLOGY.
RX PubMed=22222931; DOI=10.1016/j.fct.2011.12.022;
RA de Melo F.T., de Oliveira I.M., Greggio S., Dacosta J.C., Guecheva T.N.,
RA Saffi J., Henriques J.A., Rosa R.M.;
RT "DNA damage in organs of mice treated acutely with patulin, a known
RT mycotoxin.";
RL Food Chem. Toxicol. 50:3548-3555(2012).
RN [5]
RP BIOTECHNOLOGY.
RX PubMed=26619846; DOI=10.1007/s13277-015-4474-z;
RA Boussabbeh M., Ben Salem I., Rjiba-Touati K., Bouyahya C., Neffati F.,
RA Najjar M.F., Bacha H., Abid-Essefi S.;
RT "The potential effect of patulin on mice bearing melanoma cells: an anti-
RT tumour or carcinogenic effect?";
RL Tumor Biol. 37:6285-6295(2016).
RN [6]
RP INDUCTION.
RX PubMed=27528575; DOI=10.1111/mpp.12469;
RA Kumar D., Barad S., Chen Y., Luo X., Tannous J., Dubey A., Glam Matana N.,
RA Tian S., Li B., Keller N., Prusky D.;
RT "LaeA regulation of secondary metabolism modulates virulence in Penicillium
RT expansum and is mediated by sucrose.";
RL Mol. Plant Pathol. 18:1150-1163(2017).
RN [7]
RP FUNCTION, AND INDUCTION.
RX PubMed=30100914; DOI=10.3389/fpls.2018.01094;
RA Kumar D., Tannous J., Sionov E., Keller N., Prusky D.;
RT "Apple intrinsic factors modulating the global regulator, LaeA, the patulin
RT gene cluster and patulin accumulation during fruit colonization by
RT Penicillium expansum.";
RL Front. Plant Sci. 9:1094-1094(2018).
RN [8]
RP FUNCTION, AND INDUCTION.
RX PubMed=25625822; DOI=10.1094/mpmi-12-14-0398-fi;
RA Li B., Zong Y., Du Z., Chen Y., Zhang Z., Qin G., Zhao W., Tian S.;
RT "Genomic characterization reveals insights into patulin biosynthesis and
RT pathogenicity in Penicillium species.";
RL Mol. Plant Microbe Interact. 28:635-647(2015).
RN [9]
RP FUNCTION, DISRUPTION PHENOTYPE, SUBCELLULAR LOCATION, AND INDUCTION.
RX PubMed=30680886; DOI=10.1111/1462-2920.14542;
RA Li B., Chen Y., Zong Y., Shang Y., Zhang Z., Xu X., Wang X., Long M.,
RA Tian S.;
RT "Dissection of patulin biosynthesis, spatial control and regulation
RT mechanism in Penicillium expansum.";
RL Environ. Microbiol. 21:1124-1139(2019).
CC -!- FUNCTION: MFS-type transporter; part of the gene cluster that mediates
CC the biosynthesis of patulin, an acetate-derived tetraketide mycotoxin
CC produced by several fungal species that shows antimicrobial properties
CC against several bacteria (PubMed:25120234, PubMed:30100914,
CC PubMed:25625822, PubMed:30680886). May be involved in the secretion of
CC E-ascladiol to be converted to patulin by the secreted patulin synthase
CC patE (Probable). {ECO:0000269|PubMed:25120234,
CC ECO:0000269|PubMed:25625822, ECO:0000269|PubMed:30100914,
CC ECO:0000269|PubMed:30680886, ECO:0000305|PubMed:30680886}.
CC -!- SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Vacuole membrane {ECO:0000269|PubMed:30680886};
CC Multi-pass membrane protein {ECO:0000269|PubMed:30680886}. Cell
CC membrane {ECO:0000269|PubMed:30680886}; Multi-pass membrane protein
CC {ECO:0000269|PubMed:30680886}.
CC -!- INDUCTION: Expression is correlated with the production of patulin
CC (PubMed:25120234). Expression is positively regulated by the secondary
CC metabolism regulator laeA (PubMed:27528575, PubMed:30100914).
CC Expression is strongly decreased with increased sucrose concentrations.
CC This decrease is lost in the presence of malic acid (PubMed:30100914).
CC Expression is increased with pH changes from 2.5 to 3.5 in the presence
CC of a limiting concentration of sucrose, 50 mM (PubMed:30100914).
CC Natural phenols present in apple fruits such as chlorogenic acid or the
CC flavonoid epicatechin modulate patulin biosynthesis. They increase
CC expression in the absence of sucrose, have little impact in the
CC presence of 15 mM sucrose, and decrease expression in 175 mM sucrose
CC (PubMed:30100914). Expression is positively regulated by the patulin
CC cluster-specific transcription factor patL (PubMed:25625822). Finally,
CC expression is also positively regulated by the velvet family proteins
CC transcription regulators veA, velB, velC, but not vosA
CC (PubMed:30680886). {ECO:0000269|PubMed:25120234,
CC ECO:0000269|PubMed:25625822, ECO:0000269|PubMed:27528575,
CC ECO:0000269|PubMed:30100914, ECO:0000269|PubMed:30680886}.
CC -!- DISRUPTION PHENOTYPE: Strongly reduces the production of patulin.
CC {ECO:0000269|PubMed:30680886}.
CC -!- BIOTECHNOLOGY: Patulin was originally used as an antibiotic and
CC specifically trialed to be used against the common cold, but it is no
CC longer used for that purpose since it has been shown to induce
CC immunological, neurological and gastrointestinal effects
CC (PubMed:15082620). Genotoxic effects of patulin with dose-dependent
CC increase in DNA strand breaks in brain, liver and kidneys have been
CC detected in mice (PubMed:22222931). However, more recently, it has been
CC proposed that patulin might also have anti-tumor properties
CC (PubMed:26619846). {ECO:0000269|PubMed:15082620,
CC ECO:0000269|PubMed:22222931, ECO:0000269|PubMed:26619846}.
CC -!- SIMILARITY: Belongs to the major facilitator superfamily. TCR/Tet
CC family. {ECO:0000305}.
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DR EMBL; KF899892; AIG62136.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR EMBL; JQFZ01000262; KGO52632.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR RefSeq; XP_016595362.1; XM_016745549.1.
DR AlphaFoldDB; A0A075TRA9; -.
DR SMR; A0A075TRA9; -.
DR STRING; 27334.A0A075TRA9; -.
DR EnsemblFungi; KGO43536; KGO43536; PEXP_094370.
DR EnsemblFungi; KGO52632; KGO52632; PEX2_082790.
DR GeneID; 27680969; -.
DR HOGENOM; CLU_000960_22_1_1; -.
DR OrthoDB; 503593at2759; -.
DR PhylomeDB; A0A075TRA9; -.
DR Proteomes; UP000030143; Unassembled WGS sequence.
DR GO; GO:0016021; C:integral component of membrane; IEA:UniProtKB-KW.
DR GO; GO:0005886; C:plasma membrane; IDA:GO_Central.
DR GO; GO:0005774; C:vacuolar membrane; IDA:GO_Central.
DR GO; GO:0022857; F:transmembrane transporter activity; IEA:InterPro.
DR GO; GO:0140723; P:patulin biosynthetic process; IMP:GO_Central.
DR Gene3D; 1.20.1250.20; -; 2.
DR InterPro; IPR011701; MFS.
DR InterPro; IPR020846; MFS_dom.
DR InterPro; IPR036259; MFS_trans_sf.
DR Pfam; PF07690; MFS_1; 1.
DR SUPFAM; SSF103473; SSF103473; 1.
DR PROSITE; PS50850; MFS; 1.
PE 1: Evidence at protein level;
KW Cell membrane; Membrane; Reference proteome; Transmembrane;
KW Transmembrane helix; Transport; Vacuole.
FT CHAIN 1..546
FT /note="MFS-type transporter patC"
FT /id="PRO_0000445919"
FT TRANSMEM 41..61
FT /note="Helical"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255"
FT TRANSMEM 89..109
FT /note="Helical"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255"
FT TRANSMEM 113..133
FT /note="Helical"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255"
FT TRANSMEM 143..163
FT /note="Helical"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255"
FT TRANSMEM 171..191
FT /note="Helical"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255"
FT TRANSMEM 203..223
FT /note="Helical"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255"
FT TRANSMEM 245..265
FT /note="Helical"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255"
FT TRANSMEM 277..297
FT /note="Helical"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255"
FT TRANSMEM 318..338
FT /note="Helical"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255"
FT TRANSMEM 350..370
FT /note="Helical"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255"
FT TRANSMEM 379..399
FT /note="Helical"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255"
FT TRANSMEM 416..436
FT /note="Helical"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255"
FT TRANSMEM 447..467
FT /note="Helical"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255"
FT TRANSMEM 515..535
FT /note="Helical"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255"
FT REGION 1..29
FT /note="Disordered"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000256|SAM:MobiDB-lite"
SQ SEQUENCE 546 AA; 58733 MW; 5D2EBE78AB9B6AA7 CRC64;
MSIDASPSES VLESQTPDRV DESIPIKAEE TEKDAAPGRD IVGFRWLLVC IAVFSANLLY
GLDNTIVADI QAPIAGDFNE YTRLGWLGVG FTLGSVVFIL PLGKAYAIFD TKWLFLGCLT
MFAAGSALCG AAPSMNAIIV GRVWAGAGGA GMYLGNLNLI TILTTPKEQP VYVGLVGLIY
GTGCILGPII GGAFSDSSAT WRWSFYLNLV IFGVMSPIYV FLLPSLPRPA GEGRSFFKKL
VELDWVGTVL SAGMHISIIL FIVFGGVEWS WTDGRNIALY VVSAVLTIAF VLSQYFCIGT
TKQDRLFPGE FLRDPTMLLL YIIMACGGAA LFVAVYYIPL YFQFVHGDSG IMSAVRLLPF
VCFYVATILL CGYVMPKTGY FIIWYLMSGV FMLIGAVLMY TVKLDTSPSN VYGYSILMGL
GMTTTQAAYA VGPAIVTPDR VAECLQFMNI GQGQSQLLGL AIASAIFQTK TLSGLTALLG
DKGYSQVDIQ SAVAGAQSTL MERLPPALKT AALKVIVSSI SDVYVMAISA GALYVVASCL
LPRRRF
