PATL_PENEN
ID PATL_PENEN Reviewed; 799 AA.
AC A0A075TXZ8; A0A0A2J7W4;
DT 05-DEC-2018, integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot.
DT 29-OCT-2014, sequence version 1.
DT 03-AUG-2022, entry version 35.
DE RecName: Full=Patulin cluster transcription factor patL {ECO:0000303|PubMed:25120234};
DE AltName: Full=Patulin biosynthesis cluster protein L {ECO:0000303|PubMed:25120234};
GN Name=patL {ECO:0000303|PubMed:25120234}; ORFNames=PEX2_082850;
OS Penicillium expansum (Blue mold rot fungus).
OC Eukaryota; Fungi; Dikarya; Ascomycota; Pezizomycotina; Eurotiomycetes;
OC Eurotiomycetidae; Eurotiales; Aspergillaceae; Penicillium.
OX NCBI_TaxID=27334;
RN [1]
RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA], IDENTIFICATION, AND INDUCTION.
RC STRAIN=NRRL 35695;
RX PubMed=25120234; DOI=10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2014.07.028;
RA Tannous J., El Khoury R., Snini S.P., Lippi Y., El Khoury A., Atoui A.,
RA Lteif R., Oswald I.P., Puel O.;
RT "Sequencing, physical organization and kinetic expression of the patulin
RT biosynthetic gene cluster from Penicillium expansum.";
RL Int. J. Food Microbiol. 189C:51-60(2014).
RN [2]
RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA].
RC STRAIN=MD-8;
RX PubMed=25338147; DOI=10.1094/MPMI-09-14-0261-FI;
RA Ballester A.R., Marcet-Houben M., Levin E., Sela N., Selma-Lazaro C.,
RA Carmona L., Wisniewski M., Droby S., Gonzalez-Candelas L., Gabaldon T.;
RT "Genome, transcriptome, and functional analyses of Penicillium expansum
RT provide new insights into secondary metabolism and pathogenicity.";
RL Mol. Plant Microbe Interact. 28:232-248(2015).
RN [3]
RP BIOTECHNOLOGY.
RX PubMed=15082620; DOI=10.1093/ije/dyh028;
RG Patulin Clinical Trials Committee, Medical Research Council;
RT "Clinical trial of patulin in the common cold. 1944.";
RL Int. J. Epidemiol. 33:243-246(2004).
RN [4]
RP BIOTECHNOLOGY.
RX PubMed=22222931; DOI=10.1016/j.fct.2011.12.022;
RA de Melo F.T., de Oliveira I.M., Greggio S., Dacosta J.C., Guecheva T.N.,
RA Saffi J., Henriques J.A., Rosa R.M.;
RT "DNA damage in organs of mice treated acutely with patulin, a known
RT mycotoxin.";
RL Food Chem. Toxicol. 50:3548-3555(2012).
RN [5]
RP BIOTECHNOLOGY.
RX PubMed=26619846; DOI=10.1007/s13277-015-4474-z;
RA Boussabbeh M., Ben Salem I., Rjiba-Touati K., Bouyahya C., Neffati F.,
RA Najjar M.F., Bacha H., Abid-Essefi S.;
RT "The potential effect of patulin on mice bearing melanoma cells: an anti-
RT tumour or carcinogenic effect?";
RL Tumor Biol. 37:6285-6295(2016).
RN [6]
RP INDUCTION.
RX PubMed=27528575; DOI=10.1111/mpp.12469;
RA Kumar D., Barad S., Chen Y., Luo X., Tannous J., Dubey A., Glam Matana N.,
RA Tian S., Li B., Keller N., Prusky D.;
RT "LaeA regulation of secondary metabolism modulates virulence in Penicillium
RT expansum and is mediated by sucrose.";
RL Mol. Plant Pathol. 18:1150-1163(2017).
RN [7]
RP FUNCTION, AND INDUCTION.
RX PubMed=30100914; DOI=10.3389/fpls.2018.01094;
RA Kumar D., Tannous J., Sionov E., Keller N., Prusky D.;
RT "Apple intrinsic factors modulating the global regulator, LaeA, the patulin
RT gene cluster and patulin accumulation during fruit colonization by
RT Penicillium expansum.";
RL Front. Plant Sci. 9:1094-1094(2018).
RN [8]
RP FUNCTION, DISRUPTION PHENOTYPE, AND SUBCELLULAR LOCATION.
RX PubMed=25625822; DOI=10.1094/mpmi-12-14-0398-fi;
RA Li B., Zong Y., Du Z., Chen Y., Zhang Z., Qin G., Zhao W., Tian S.;
RT "Genomic characterization reveals insights into patulin biosynthesis and
RT pathogenicity in Penicillium species.";
RL Mol. Plant Microbe Interact. 28:635-647(2015).
RN [9]
RP FUNCTION, DISRUPTION PHENOTYPE, AND INDUCTION.
RX PubMed=30680886; DOI=10.1111/1462-2920.14542;
RA Li B., Chen Y., Zong Y., Shang Y., Zhang Z., Xu X., Wang X., Long M.,
RA Tian S.;
RT "Dissection of patulin biosynthesis, spatial control and regulation
RT mechanism in Penicillium expansum.";
RL Environ. Microbiol. 21:1124-1139(2019).
CC -!- FUNCTION: Transcription factor that regulates the expression of the
CC gene cluster that mediates the biosynthesis of patulin, an acetate-
CC derived tetraketide mycotoxin produced by several fungal species that
CC shows antimicrobial properties against several bacteria.
CC {ECO:0000269|PubMed:25625822, ECO:0000305|PubMed:25120234,
CC ECO:0000305|PubMed:30100914, ECO:0000305|PubMed:30680886}.
CC -!- PATHWAY: Mycotoxin biosynthesis; patulin biosynthesis.
CC {ECO:0000269|PubMed:30680886}.
CC -!- SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus {ECO:0000255,
CC ECO:0000269|PubMed:25625822}.
CC -!- INDUCTION: Expression is correlated with the production of patulin
CC (PubMed:25120234). Expression is positively regulated by the secondary
CC metabolism regulator laeA (PubMed:27528575, PubMed:30100914).
CC Expression is strongly decreased with increased sucrose concentrations.
CC This decrease is lost in the presence of malic acid (PubMed:30100914).
CC Expression is increased with pH changes from 2.5 to 3.5 in the presence
CC of a limiting concentration of sucrose, 50 mM (PubMed:30100914).
CC Natural phenols present in apple fruits such as chlorogenic acid or the
CC flavonoid epicatechin modulate patulin biosynthesis. They increase
CC expression in the absence of sucrose, have little impact in the
CC presence of 15 mM sucrose, and decrease expression in 175 mM sucrose
CC (PubMed:30100914). Finally, expression is also positively regulated by
CC the velvet family proteins transcription regulators veA, velB, velC,
CC but not vosA (PubMed:30680886). {ECO:0000269|PubMed:25120234,
CC ECO:0000269|PubMed:27528575, ECO:0000269|PubMed:30100914,
CC ECO:0000269|PubMed:30680886}.
CC -!- DISRUPTION PHENOTYPE: Completely abolishes the production of patulin
CC and shows significant slower colony expansion (PubMed:25625822,
CC PubMed:30680886). Leads to only marginal expression of the patulin gene
CC cluster (PubMed:25625822). {ECO:0000269|PubMed:25625822,
CC ECO:0000269|PubMed:30680886}.
CC -!- BIOTECHNOLOGY: Patulin was originally used as an antibiotic and
CC specifically trialed to be used against the common cold, but it is no
CC longer used for that purpose since it has been shown to induce
CC immunological, neurological and gastrointestinal effects
CC (PubMed:15082620). Genotoxic effects of patulin with dose-dependent
CC increase in DNA strand breaks in brain, liver and kidneys have been
CC detected in mice (PubMed:22222931). However, more recently, it has been
CC proposed that patulin might also have anti-tumor properties
CC (PubMed:26619846). {ECO:0000269|PubMed:15082620,
CC ECO:0000269|PubMed:22222931, ECO:0000269|PubMed:26619846}.
CC -!- SEQUENCE CAUTION:
CC Sequence=KGO52638.1; Type=Erroneous initiation; Note=Truncated N-terminus.; Evidence={ECO:0000305};
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DR EMBL; KF899892; AIG62143.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR EMBL; JQFZ01000262; KGO52638.1; ALT_INIT; Genomic_DNA.
DR RefSeq; XP_016595368.1; XM_016745555.1.
DR AlphaFoldDB; A0A075TXZ8; -.
DR SMR; A0A075TXZ8; -.
DR EnsemblFungi; KGO43542; KGO43542; PEXP_094430.
DR EnsemblFungi; KGO51502; KGO51502; PEX1_002400.
DR EnsemblFungi; KGO52638; KGO52638; PEX2_082850.
DR GeneID; 27680975; -.
DR HOGENOM; CLU_016509_0_0_1; -.
DR OrthoDB; 876077at2759; -.
DR UniPathway; UPA00918; -.
DR PHI-base; PHI:3300; -.
DR PHI-base; PHI:4504; -.
DR PHI-base; PHI:5352; -.
DR Proteomes; UP000030143; Unassembled WGS sequence.
DR GO; GO:0005634; C:nucleus; IDA:GO_Central.
DR GO; GO:0003677; F:DNA binding; IEA:UniProtKB-KW.
DR GO; GO:0000981; F:DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific; IEA:InterPro.
DR GO; GO:0008270; F:zinc ion binding; IEA:InterPro.
DR GO; GO:0140724; P:positive regulation of patulin biosynthetic process; IMP:GO_Central.
DR GO; GO:0006351; P:transcription, DNA-templated; IEA:InterPro.
DR CDD; cd00067; GAL4; 1.
DR Gene3D; 4.10.240.10; -; 1.
DR InterPro; IPR007219; Transcription_factor_dom_fun.
DR InterPro; IPR001138; Zn2-C6_fun-type_DNA-bd.
DR InterPro; IPR036864; Zn2-C6_fun-type_DNA-bd_sf.
DR Pfam; PF04082; Fungal_trans; 1.
DR Pfam; PF00172; Zn_clus; 1.
DR SMART; SM00906; Fungal_trans; 1.
DR SMART; SM00066; GAL4; 1.
DR SUPFAM; SSF57701; SSF57701; 1.
DR PROSITE; PS00463; ZN2_CY6_FUNGAL_1; 1.
DR PROSITE; PS50048; ZN2_CY6_FUNGAL_2; 1.
PE 1: Evidence at protein level;
KW DNA-binding; Metal-binding; Nucleus; Reference proteome; Transcription;
KW Transcription regulation; Zinc.
FT CHAIN 1..799
FT /note="Patulin cluster transcription factor patL"
FT /id="PRO_0000445926"
FT DNA_BIND 38..64
FT /note="Zn(2)-C6 fungal-type"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255|PROSITE-ProRule:PRU00227"
FT REGION 190..217
FT /note="Disordered"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000256|SAM:MobiDB-lite"
FT REGION 675..718
FT /note="Disordered"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000256|SAM:MobiDB-lite"
FT COMPBIAS 675..711
FT /note="Polar residues"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000256|SAM:MobiDB-lite"
SQ SEQUENCE 799 AA; 89737 MW; 9ABF9F1BE71BA602 CRC64;
MYSTFSANFD TTIDASRDRS ATPVTAPRPK RNQVARACDW CRLNRVRCDD KQPCQNCQNR
GGSCSNTKPQ EATSLPAANR EMQRLRNKVK DLQDQIAKLK EGAEIQAQTG FATPPLSDAA
HTSFDFAELT NTTEGWQGLQ QTGQIHYGPL SSSYFVSRIS RYLSQALNEP IEDAKLEACM
ARFHYIAPSH QPSRWDASPA SQADQPQDGT EEAEDLTRSQ EEHFLNLLWQ SFHCVYPILD
EREFQQYYES LWSSSPDGMS TRKPSALVDV LLAVCMQYSS TFFVSDDNQQ GDTDSEWQAK
HANLASRTYY QRAQRLLQSE LENPTIMVVQ SHIYSIVYLY NTSLLNTAHI NLGATLRIAH
ALRLHIRPLD GTSPEQQELQ RRIWWALYRI DSQLSMTLGR PPLIQLSHVS CGLPGDDREH
ARLSGTVLLT NHEDISWLSF HVQCTKLIFL VQGVQTAFNR KCSQLLNGDK VKDLYEDPRL
LETLAEFLGQ EMTAIHNWVQ NVPQSLCNPR KGGSDPFSTN RDALNLSAYS PLWLQRQRLL
LELHYHHLVI STLRPFIRFP PVSSSMTPLT DGYNISCLNH AMAITSILNQ VLSETDLLRG
WSPIFQYQWD AILCTLGFVL ANSVCPPTPS ARKSLQTAIR TLDLVSDHFL AAKNAAQVVR
EVSCQADRLV KNVQQGLTRR QAPRASQALS TRAQNPRQAS NQTSFVAPAQ PGVRSNSLKR
ALPPTTLEVS QHQPMPNFEA RMQLMDMMPI GSLSELSPSL GTTESMSMPS VTSADMVIGT
EAQWLHASAM ILDSWTTNS
