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PCSK9_PLEMO
ID   PCSK9_PLEMO             Reviewed;         684 AA.
AC   A8T677;
DT   05-FEB-2008, integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot.
DT   15-JAN-2008, sequence version 1.
DT   03-AUG-2022, entry version 57.
DE   RecName: Full=Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9;
DE            EC=3.4.21.-;
DE   AltName: Full=Proprotein convertase 9;
DE            Short=PC9;
DE   AltName: Full=Subtilisin/kexin-like protease PC9;
DE   Flags: Precursor;
GN   Name=PCSK9;
OS   Plecturocebus moloch (Dusky titi monkey) (Callicebus moloch).
OC   Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia;
OC   Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Platyrrhini;
OC   Pitheciidae; Callicebinae; Plecturocebus.
OX   NCBI_TaxID=9523;
RN   [1]
RP   NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA].
RX   PubMed=17971861; DOI=10.1371/journal.pone.0001098;
RA   Ding K., McDonough S.J., Kullo I.J.;
RT   "Evidence for positive selection in the C-terminal domain of the
RT   cholesterol metabolism gene PCSK9 based on phylogenetic analysis in 14
RT   primate species.";
RL   PLoS ONE 2:E1098-E1098(2007).
CC   -!- FUNCTION: Crucial player in the regulation of plasma cholesterol
CC       homeostasis. Binds to low-density lipid receptor family members: low
CC       density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR), very low density lipoprotein
CC       receptor (VLDLR), apolipoprotein E receptor (LRP1/APOER) and
CC       apolipoprotein receptor 2 (LRP8/APOER2), and promotes their degradation
CC       in intracellular acidic compartments. Acts via a non-proteolytic
CC       mechanism to enhance the degradation of the hepatic LDLR through a
CC       clathrin LDLRAP1/ARH-mediated pathway. May prevent the recycling of
CC       LDLR from endosomes to the cell surface or direct it to lysosomes for
CC       degradation. Can induce ubiquitination of LDLR leading to its
CC       subsequent degradation. Inhibits intracellular degradation of APOB via
CC       the autophagosome/lysosome pathway in a LDLR-independent manner.
CC       Involved in the disposal of non-acetylated intermediates of BACE1 in
CC       the early secretory pathway. Inhibits epithelial Na(+) channel (ENaC)-
CC       mediated Na(+) absorption by reducing ENaC surface expression primarily
CC       by increasing its proteasomal degradation. Regulates neuronal apoptosis
CC       via modulation of LRP8/APOER2 levels and related anti-apoptotic
CC       signaling pathways (By similarity). {ECO:0000250}.
CC   -!- COFACTOR:
CC       Name=Ca(2+); Xref=ChEBI:CHEBI:29108; Evidence={ECO:0000250};
CC   -!- ACTIVITY REGULATION: Its proteolytic activity is autoinhibited by the
CC       non-covalent binding of the propeptide to the catalytic domain.
CC       Inhibited by EGTA (By similarity). {ECO:0000250}.
CC   -!- SUBUNIT: Monomer. Can self-associate to form dimers and higher
CC       multimers which may have increased LDLR degrading activity. The
CC       precursor protein but not the mature protein may form multimers.
CC       Interacts with APOB, VLDLR, LRP8/APOER2 and BACE1. The full-length
CC       immature form (pro-PCSK9) interacts with SCNN1A, SCNN1B and SCNN1G. The
CC       pro-PCSK9 form (via C-terminal domain) interacts with LDLR. Interacts
CC       (via the C-terminal domain) with ANXA2 (via repeat Annexin 1); the
CC       interaction inhibits the degradation of LDLR.
CC       {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q8NBP7}.
CC   -!- SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm {ECO:0000250}. Secreted {ECO:0000250}.
CC       Endosome {ECO:0000250}. Lysosome {ECO:0000250}. Cell surface
CC       {ECO:0000250}. Endoplasmic reticulum {ECO:0000250}. Golgi apparatus
CC       {ECO:0000250}. Note=Autocatalytic cleavage is required to transport it
CC       from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus and for the
CC       secretion of the mature protein. Localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum
CC       in the absence of LDLR and colocalizes to the cell surface and to the
CC       endosomes/lysosomes in the presence of LDLR. The sorting to the cell
CC       surface and endosomes is required in order to fully promote LDLR
CC       degradation (By similarity). {ECO:0000250}.
CC   -!- DOMAIN: The C-terminal domain (CRD) is essential for the LDLR-binding
CC       and degrading activities. {ECO:0000250}.
CC   -!- DOMAIN: The catalytic domain is responsible for mediating its self-
CC       association. {ECO:0000250}.
CC   -!- PTM: Cleavage by furin and PCSK5 generates a truncated inactive protein
CC       that is unable to induce LDLR degradation. {ECO:0000250}.
CC   -!- PTM: Undergoes autocatalytic cleavage in the endoplasmic reticulum to
CC       release the propeptide from the N-terminus and the cleavage of the
CC       propeptide is strictly required for its maturation and activation. The
CC       cleaved propeptide however remains associated with the catalytic domain
CC       through non-covalent interactions, preventing potential substrates from
CC       accessing its active site. As a result, it is secreted from cells as a
CC       propeptide-containing, enzymatically inactive protein (By similarity).
CC       {ECO:0000250}.
CC   -!- PTM: Phosphorylation protects the propeptide against proteolysis.
CC       {ECO:0000250}.
CC   -!- SIMILARITY: Belongs to the peptidase S8 family. {ECO:0000305}.
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DR   EMBL; EF692504; ABV59224.1; -; mRNA.
DR   AlphaFoldDB; A8T677; -.
DR   SMR; A8T677; -.
DR   PRIDE; A8T677; -.
DR   GO; GO:0009986; C:cell surface; ISS:UniProtKB.
DR   GO; GO:0005737; C:cytoplasm; ISS:UniProtKB.
DR   GO; GO:0005769; C:early endosome; ISS:UniProtKB.
DR   GO; GO:0005783; C:endoplasmic reticulum; ISS:UniProtKB.
DR   GO; GO:0005576; C:extracellular region; IEA:UniProtKB-SubCell.
DR   GO; GO:0005794; C:Golgi apparatus; ISS:UniProtKB.
DR   GO; GO:0005770; C:late endosome; ISS:UniProtKB.
DR   GO; GO:0005764; C:lysosome; ISS:UniProtKB.
DR   GO; GO:0034185; F:apolipoprotein binding; ISS:UniProtKB.
DR   GO; GO:0030169; F:low-density lipoprotein particle binding; ISS:UniProtKB.
DR   GO; GO:0043621; F:protein self-association; ISS:UniProtKB.
DR   GO; GO:0004252; F:serine-type endopeptidase activity; IEA:InterPro.
DR   GO; GO:0034189; F:very-low-density lipoprotein particle binding; ISS:UniProtKB.
DR   GO; GO:0006915; P:apoptotic process; IEA:UniProtKB-KW.
DR   GO; GO:0008203; P:cholesterol metabolic process; IEA:UniProtKB-KW.
DR   GO; GO:0032802; P:low-density lipoprotein particle receptor catabolic process; ISS:UniProtKB.
DR   GO; GO:0006508; P:proteolysis; IEA:UniProtKB-KW.
DR   GO; GO:0043523; P:regulation of neuron apoptotic process; ISS:UniProtKB.
DR   CDD; cd04077; Peptidases_S8_PCSK9_ProteinaseK_like; 1.
DR   Gene3D; 3.30.70.80; -; 1.
DR   Gene3D; 3.40.50.200; -; 1.
DR   InterPro; IPR041254; PCSK9_C1.
DR   InterPro; IPR041052; PCSK9_C2.
DR   InterPro; IPR041051; PCSK9_C3.
DR   InterPro; IPR034193; PCSK9_ProteinaseK-like.
DR   InterPro; IPR000209; Peptidase_S8/S53_dom.
DR   InterPro; IPR036852; Peptidase_S8/S53_dom_sf.
DR   InterPro; IPR015500; Peptidase_S8_subtilisin-rel.
DR   InterPro; IPR010259; S8pro/Inhibitor_I9.
DR   InterPro; IPR037045; S8pro/Inhibitor_I9_sf.
DR   Pfam; PF05922; Inhibitor_I9; 1.
DR   Pfam; PF18459; PCSK9_C1; 1.
DR   Pfam; PF18464; PCSK9_C2; 1.
DR   Pfam; PF18463; PCSK9_C3; 1.
DR   Pfam; PF00082; Peptidase_S8; 1.
DR   PRINTS; PR00723; SUBTILISIN.
DR   SUPFAM; SSF52743; SSF52743; 1.
DR   PROSITE; PS51892; SUBTILASE; 1.
PE   2: Evidence at transcript level;
KW   Apoptosis; Autocatalytic cleavage; Calcium; Cholesterol metabolism;
KW   Cytoplasm; Disulfide bond; Endoplasmic reticulum; Endosome; Glycoprotein;
KW   Golgi apparatus; Hydrolase; Lipid metabolism; Lysosome; Phosphoprotein;
KW   Protease; Secreted; Serine protease; Signal; Steroid metabolism;
KW   Sterol metabolism; Sulfation; Zymogen.
FT   SIGNAL          1..28
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000250"
FT   PROPEP          29..151
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000250"
FT                   /id="PRO_0000318276"
FT   CHAIN           152..684
FT                   /note="Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9"
FT                   /id="PRO_0000318277"
FT   DOMAIN          75..148
FT                   /note="Inhibitor I9"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000255"
FT   DOMAIN          154..460
FT                   /note="Peptidase S8"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000255|PROSITE-ProRule:PRU01240"
FT   REGION          451..684
FT                   /note="C-terminal domain"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000250"
FT   ACT_SITE        185
FT                   /note="Charge relay system"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000255|PROSITE-ProRule:PRU01240"
FT   ACT_SITE        225
FT                   /note="Charge relay system"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000255|PROSITE-ProRule:PRU01240"
FT   ACT_SITE        385
FT                   /note="Charge relay system"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000255|PROSITE-ProRule:PRU01240"
FT   SITE            151..152
FT                   /note="Cleavage; by autolysis"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000250"
FT   SITE            217..218
FT                   /note="Cleavage; by furin and PCSK5"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000250"
FT   MOD_RES         36
FT                   /note="Sulfotyrosine"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000250"
FT   MOD_RES         45
FT                   /note="Phosphoserine"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q8NBP7"
FT   CARBOHYD        532
FT                   /note="N-linked (GlcNAc...) asparagine"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000255"
FT   DISULFID        222..254
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000255"
FT   DISULFID        322..357
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000255"
FT   DISULFID        456..526
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000255"
FT   DISULFID        476..525
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000255"
FT   DISULFID        485..508
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000255"
FT   DISULFID        533..600
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000255"
FT   DISULFID        551..599
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000255"
FT   DISULFID        561..587
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000255"
FT   DISULFID        607..678
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000255"
FT   DISULFID        625..677
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000255"
FT   DISULFID        634..653
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000255"
SQ   SEQUENCE   684 AA;  73231 MW;  672C74FFCFAB33DE CRC64;
     MGTVSSRRLW WPLPLLLLLL LGPPGARAQE DDDGDYEELV LALRSEEDGP ADALQHGATA
     TFHRCAKDPW RLPGTYVVVL KDSDAHRSQP ERTARRLQAQ AARRGYLIKL LHVFHHLLPG
     FLVKMSRDLL ELALRLPHVD YIEEDSSVFA QSIPWNLERI TPARYRADEY QPPNGGSLVE
     VYLLDTSIQS SHREIEGRVM VTDFESVPEE DGTRFHRQAS KCDSHGTHLA GVVSGRDAGV
     AKGASLRSLH VLNCQGKGTV SSALIGLEFI RKSQLVQPVG PLVVLLPLAG GYSRVLNAAC
     RRLAGAGVVL VAAAGNFRDD ACLYSPASAP EVITVGATNA QDQPLTLGTL GTNFGRCVDL
     FAPGEDIIGA SSDCSTCFVS RSGTSQAAAH VAGIAAMMLS AEPELTLAEL RQRLIHFSAK
     DVINEAWFPE DQRVLTPNLV ATLPPSTHGA GWQLFCRTVW SAHSGPTRMA TAMARCAPDE
     ELLSCSSFSR SGKRRGERIE AQGGRRVCLA PNAFGGEGVY AVARCCLLPQ ANCSVHTAPP
     AGAGMGTRAH CHQQGHVLTG CSSHWEMKDL GTHKPPVLKP RGQPDQCMGH SGASTHASCC
     YAPGLECKVK EHGLPAPQEQ VTVACEEGWT LTGCSALPGT SHVLGAYAVD DTCVVRSRDV
     STTGSTSEEA VAAVAICCRS RHLA
 
 
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