PCSK9_SAIBB
ID PCSK9_SAIBB Reviewed; 691 AA.
AC A8T695;
DT 05-FEB-2008, integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot.
DT 15-JAN-2008, sequence version 1.
DT 03-AUG-2022, entry version 65.
DE RecName: Full=Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9;
DE EC=3.4.21.-;
DE AltName: Full=Proprotein convertase 9;
DE Short=PC9;
DE AltName: Full=Subtilisin/kexin-like protease PC9;
DE Flags: Precursor;
GN Name=PCSK9;
OS Saimiri boliviensis boliviensis (Bolivian squirrel monkey).
OC Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia;
OC Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Platyrrhini; Cebidae;
OC Saimiriinae; Saimiri.
OX NCBI_TaxID=39432;
RN [1]
RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA].
RX PubMed=17971861; DOI=10.1371/journal.pone.0001098;
RA Ding K., McDonough S.J., Kullo I.J.;
RT "Evidence for positive selection in the C-terminal domain of the
RT cholesterol metabolism gene PCSK9 based on phylogenetic analysis in 14
RT primate species.";
RL PLoS ONE 2:E1098-E1098(2007).
CC -!- FUNCTION: Crucial player in the regulation of plasma cholesterol
CC homeostasis. Binds to low-density lipid receptor family members: low
CC density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR), very low density lipoprotein
CC receptor (VLDLR), apolipoprotein E receptor (LRP1/APOER) and
CC apolipoprotein receptor 2 (LRP8/APOER2), and promotes their degradation
CC in intracellular acidic compartments. Acts via a non-proteolytic
CC mechanism to enhance the degradation of the hepatic LDLR through a
CC clathrin LDLRAP1/ARH-mediated pathway. May prevent the recycling of
CC LDLR from endosomes to the cell surface or direct it to lysosomes for
CC degradation. Can induce ubiquitination of LDLR leading to its
CC subsequent degradation. Inhibits intracellular degradation of APOB via
CC the autophagosome/lysosome pathway in a LDLR-independent manner.
CC Involved in the disposal of non-acetylated intermediates of BACE1 in
CC the early secretory pathway. Inhibits epithelial Na(+) channel (ENaC)-
CC mediated Na(+) absorption by reducing ENaC surface expression primarily
CC by increasing its proteasomal degradation. Regulates neuronal apoptosis
CC via modulation of LRP8/APOER2 levels and related anti-apoptotic
CC signaling pathways (By similarity). {ECO:0000250}.
CC -!- COFACTOR:
CC Name=Ca(2+); Xref=ChEBI:CHEBI:29108; Evidence={ECO:0000250};
CC -!- ACTIVITY REGULATION: Its proteolytic activity is autoinhibited by the
CC non-covalent binding of the propeptide to the catalytic domain.
CC Inhibited by EGTA (By similarity). {ECO:0000250}.
CC -!- SUBUNIT: Monomer. Can self-associate to form dimers and higher
CC multimers which may have increased LDLR degrading activity. The
CC precursor protein but not the mature protein may form multimers.
CC Interacts with APOB, VLDLR, LRP8/APOER2 and BACE1. The full-length
CC immature form (pro-PCSK9) interacts with SCNN1A, SCNN1B and SCNN1G. The
CC pro-PCSK9 form (via C-terminal domain) interacts with LDLR. Interacts
CC (via the C-terminal domain) with ANXA2 (via repeat Annexin 1); the
CC interaction inhibits the degradation of LDLR.
CC {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q8NBP7}.
CC -!- SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm {ECO:0000250}. Secreted {ECO:0000250}.
CC Endosome {ECO:0000250}. Lysosome {ECO:0000250}. Cell surface
CC {ECO:0000250}. Endoplasmic reticulum {ECO:0000250}. Golgi apparatus
CC {ECO:0000250}. Note=Autocatalytic cleavage is required to transport it
CC from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus and for the
CC secretion of the mature protein. Localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum
CC in the absence of LDLR and colocalizes to the cell surface and to the
CC endosomes/lysosomes in the presence of LDLR. The sorting to the cell
CC surface and endosomes is required in order to fully promote LDLR
CC degradation (By similarity). {ECO:0000250}.
CC -!- DOMAIN: The C-terminal domain (CRD) is essential for the LDLR-binding
CC and degrading activities. {ECO:0000250}.
CC -!- DOMAIN: The catalytic domain is responsible for mediating its self-
CC association. {ECO:0000250}.
CC -!- PTM: Cleavage by furin and PCSK5 generates a truncated inactive protein
CC that is unable to induce LDLR degradation. {ECO:0000250}.
CC -!- PTM: Undergoes autocatalytic cleavage in the endoplasmic reticulum to
CC release the propeptide from the N-terminus and the cleavage of the
CC propeptide is strictly required for its maturation and activation. The
CC cleaved propeptide however remains associated with the catalytic domain
CC through non-covalent interactions, preventing potential substrates from
CC accessing its active site. As a result, it is secreted from cells as a
CC propeptide-containing, enzymatically inactive protein (By similarity).
CC {ECO:0000250}.
CC -!- PTM: Phosphorylation protects the propeptide against proteolysis.
CC {ECO:0000250}.
CC -!- SIMILARITY: Belongs to the peptidase S8 family. {ECO:0000305}.
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DR EMBL; EF692507; ABV59227.1; -; mRNA.
DR RefSeq; NP_001266928.1; NM_001279999.1.
DR AlphaFoldDB; A8T695; -.
DR SMR; A8T695; -.
DR STRING; 39432.ENSSBOP00000027099; -.
DR Ensembl; ENSSBOT00000043975; ENSSBOP00000027099; ENSSBOG00000029957.
DR GeneID; 101049523; -.
DR CTD; 255738; -.
DR GeneTree; ENSGT00490000043472; -.
DR OMA; CNKAAWR; -.
DR OrthoDB; 921536at2759; -.
DR Proteomes; UP000233220; Unplaced.
DR GO; GO:0009986; C:cell surface; ISS:UniProtKB.
DR GO; GO:0030134; C:COPII-coated ER to Golgi transport vesicle; IEA:Ensembl.
DR GO; GO:0005737; C:cytoplasm; ISS:UniProtKB.
DR GO; GO:0005769; C:early endosome; ISS:UniProtKB.
DR GO; GO:0005783; C:endoplasmic reticulum; ISS:UniProtKB.
DR GO; GO:0005615; C:extracellular space; IEA:Ensembl.
DR GO; GO:0005794; C:Golgi apparatus; ISS:UniProtKB.
DR GO; GO:0005770; C:late endosome; ISS:UniProtKB.
DR GO; GO:0005764; C:lysosome; ISS:UniProtKB.
DR GO; GO:1990667; C:PCSK9-AnxA2 complex; IEA:Ensembl.
DR GO; GO:1990666; C:PCSK9-LDLR complex; IEA:Ensembl.
DR GO; GO:0048471; C:perinuclear region of cytoplasm; IEA:Ensembl.
DR GO; GO:0005886; C:plasma membrane; IEA:Ensembl.
DR GO; GO:0034185; F:apolipoprotein binding; ISS:UniProtKB.
DR GO; GO:0034190; F:apolipoprotein receptor binding; IEA:Ensembl.
DR GO; GO:0030169; F:low-density lipoprotein particle binding; ISS:UniProtKB.
DR GO; GO:0050750; F:low-density lipoprotein particle receptor binding; IEA:Ensembl.
DR GO; GO:0043621; F:protein self-association; ISS:UniProtKB.
DR GO; GO:0004252; F:serine-type endopeptidase activity; IEA:Ensembl.
DR GO; GO:0030547; F:signaling receptor inhibitor activity; IEA:Ensembl.
DR GO; GO:0019871; F:sodium channel inhibitor activity; IEA:Ensembl.
DR GO; GO:0034189; F:very-low-density lipoprotein particle binding; ISS:UniProtKB.
DR GO; GO:0070326; F:very-low-density lipoprotein particle receptor binding; IEA:Ensembl.
DR GO; GO:0006915; P:apoptotic process; IEA:UniProtKB-KW.
DR GO; GO:0032869; P:cellular response to insulin stimulus; IEA:Ensembl.
DR GO; GO:0009267; P:cellular response to starvation; IEA:Ensembl.
DR GO; GO:0042632; P:cholesterol homeostasis; IEA:Ensembl.
DR GO; GO:0008203; P:cholesterol metabolic process; IEA:UniProtKB-KW.
DR GO; GO:0001822; P:kidney development; IEA:Ensembl.
DR GO; GO:0042157; P:lipoprotein metabolic process; IEA:Ensembl.
DR GO; GO:0001889; P:liver development; IEA:Ensembl.
DR GO; GO:0032802; P:low-density lipoprotein particle receptor catabolic process; ISS:UniProtKB.
DR GO; GO:0007041; P:lysosomal transport; IEA:Ensembl.
DR GO; GO:0010989; P:negative regulation of low-density lipoprotein particle clearance; IEA:Ensembl.
DR GO; GO:1905596; P:negative regulation of low-density lipoprotein particle receptor binding; IEA:Ensembl.
DR GO; GO:1905598; P:negative regulation of low-density lipoprotein receptor activity; IEA:Ensembl.
DR GO; GO:0002091; P:negative regulation of receptor internalization; IEA:Ensembl.
DR GO; GO:0001920; P:negative regulation of receptor recycling; IEA:Ensembl.
DR GO; GO:1905601; P:negative regulation of receptor-mediated endocytosis involved in cholesterol transport; IEA:Ensembl.
DR GO; GO:2000650; P:negative regulation of sodium ion transmembrane transporter activity; IEA:Ensembl.
DR GO; GO:0030182; P:neuron differentiation; IEA:Ensembl.
DR GO; GO:0006644; P:phospholipid metabolic process; IEA:Ensembl.
DR GO; GO:0032805; P:positive regulation of low-density lipoprotein particle receptor catabolic process; IEA:Ensembl.
DR GO; GO:0043525; P:positive regulation of neuron apoptotic process; IEA:Ensembl.
DR GO; GO:0002092; P:positive regulation of receptor internalization; IEA:Ensembl.
DR GO; GO:0016540; P:protein autoprocessing; IEA:Ensembl.
DR GO; GO:0043523; P:regulation of neuron apoptotic process; ISS:UniProtKB.
DR GO; GO:0006641; P:triglyceride metabolic process; IEA:Ensembl.
DR CDD; cd04077; Peptidases_S8_PCSK9_ProteinaseK_like; 1.
DR Gene3D; 3.30.70.80; -; 1.
DR Gene3D; 3.40.50.200; -; 1.
DR InterPro; IPR041254; PCSK9_C1.
DR InterPro; IPR041052; PCSK9_C2.
DR InterPro; IPR041051; PCSK9_C3.
DR InterPro; IPR034193; PCSK9_ProteinaseK-like.
DR InterPro; IPR000209; Peptidase_S8/S53_dom.
DR InterPro; IPR036852; Peptidase_S8/S53_dom_sf.
DR InterPro; IPR015500; Peptidase_S8_subtilisin-rel.
DR InterPro; IPR010259; S8pro/Inhibitor_I9.
DR InterPro; IPR037045; S8pro/Inhibitor_I9_sf.
DR Pfam; PF05922; Inhibitor_I9; 1.
DR Pfam; PF18459; PCSK9_C1; 1.
DR Pfam; PF18464; PCSK9_C2; 1.
DR Pfam; PF18463; PCSK9_C3; 1.
DR Pfam; PF00082; Peptidase_S8; 1.
DR PRINTS; PR00723; SUBTILISIN.
DR SUPFAM; SSF52743; SSF52743; 1.
DR PROSITE; PS51892; SUBTILASE; 1.
PE 2: Evidence at transcript level;
KW Apoptosis; Autocatalytic cleavage; Calcium; Cholesterol metabolism;
KW Cytoplasm; Disulfide bond; Endoplasmic reticulum; Endosome; Glycoprotein;
KW Golgi apparatus; Hydrolase; Lipid metabolism; Lysosome; Phosphoprotein;
KW Protease; Reference proteome; Secreted; Serine protease; Signal;
KW Steroid metabolism; Sterol metabolism; Sulfation; Zymogen.
FT SIGNAL 1..29
FT /evidence="ECO:0000250"
FT PROPEP 30..151
FT /evidence="ECO:0000250"
FT /id="PRO_0000318296"
FT CHAIN 152..691
FT /note="Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9"
FT /id="PRO_0000318297"
FT DOMAIN 76..148
FT /note="Inhibitor I9"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255"
FT DOMAIN 154..460
FT /note="Peptidase S8"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255|PROSITE-ProRule:PRU01240"
FT REGION 449..691
FT /note="C-terminal domain"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000250"
FT ACT_SITE 185
FT /note="Charge relay system"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255|PROSITE-ProRule:PRU01240"
FT ACT_SITE 225
FT /note="Charge relay system"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255|PROSITE-ProRule:PRU01240"
FT ACT_SITE 385
FT /note="Charge relay system"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255|PROSITE-ProRule:PRU01240"
FT SITE 151..152
FT /note="Cleavage; by autolysis"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000250"
FT SITE 217..218
FT /note="Cleavage; by furin and PCSK5"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000250"
FT MOD_RES 37
FT /note="Sulfotyrosine"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000250"
FT MOD_RES 46
FT /note="Phosphoserine"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q8NBP7"
FT MOD_RES 687
FT /note="Phosphoserine"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q8NBP7"
FT CARBOHYD 532
FT /note="N-linked (GlcNAc...) asparagine"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255"
FT DISULFID 222..254
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255"
FT DISULFID 322..357
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255"
FT DISULFID 456..526
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255"
FT DISULFID 476..525
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255"
FT DISULFID 485..508
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255"
FT DISULFID 533..600
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255"
FT DISULFID 551..599
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255"
FT DISULFID 561..587
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255"
FT DISULFID 607..678
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255"
FT DISULFID 625..677
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255"
FT DISULFID 634..653
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255"
SQ SEQUENCE 691 AA; 73866 MW; 129CA9413B0A8952 CRC64;
MGTVSSRRLW WPLPLLLLLL LLGPAGARAQ EDDDGDYEEL VLALRSEEDG LADALQHGAT
ATFHRCAKEP WRLPGTYVVV LKEETHRSQP ERTARRLQAQ AARRGYLIKL LHVFHDLLPG
FLVKMSRDLL ELALKLPHVD YIEEDSSVFA QSIPWNLERI TPARYRADEY QPPNGGSLVE
VYLLDTSIQS GHREIEGRVM VTDFGSVPEE DGTRFHRQAS KCDSHGTHLA GVVSGRDAGV
AKGASLRSLR VLNCQGKGTV SSTLIGLEFI RKSQLVQPVG PLVVLLPLAG GYSRVLNAAC
QRLARAGVVL VAAAGNFRDD ACLYSPASAP EVITVGATNA QDQPVTLGTL GTNFGRCVDL
FAPGEDIIGA SSDCSTCFVS RSGTSQAAAH VAGIAAVMLS AEPELTLAEL RQRLIHFSAK
DVINEAWFPE DQRVLTPNLV AALPPSTHGA GWQLFCRTVW SAHSGPTRMA TAMARCAPDE
ELLSCSSFSS SGKRRGERIE AQGGRRVCLA HNAFGGKGVY AIARCCLLPQ ANCSIHTAPP
AGASMGTRAH CHQQGHVLTG CSAHWEVEEL GTHKPPVLRP GGQPSQCMGH SGASTHATCC
HAPGLECKVK EHGLPAPQEQ VTVACEEGWT LTGCSALPGT SHILGAYAVD DTCVVRSQDV
STTGSTSEEA VAAVAICCRS RHLAQASQEL Q
