PER_DROPI
ID PER_DROPI Reviewed; 143 AA.
AC Q25206;
DT 15-JUL-1999, integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot.
DT 01-NOV-1996, sequence version 1.
DT 25-MAY-2022, entry version 46.
DE RecName: Full=Period circadian protein;
DE Flags: Fragment;
GN Name=per;
OS Drosophila picticornis (Fruit fly) (Idiomyia picticornis).
OC Eukaryota; Metazoa; Ecdysozoa; Arthropoda; Hexapoda; Insecta; Pterygota;
OC Neoptera; Endopterygota; Diptera; Brachycera; Muscomorpha; Ephydroidea;
OC Drosophilidae; Drosophila; Hawaiian Drosophila.
OX NCBI_TaxID=7235;
RN [1]
RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA].
RX PubMed=7815924; DOI=10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a040167;
RA Nielsen J., Peixoto A.A., Piccin A., Costa R., Kyriacou C.P., Chalmers D.;
RT "Big flies, small repeats: the 'Thr-Gly' region of the period gene in
RT Diptera.";
RL Mol. Biol. Evol. 11:839-853(1994).
CC -!- FUNCTION: Essential for biological clock functions. Determines the
CC period length of circadian and ultradian rhythms; an increase in PER
CC dosage leads to shortened circadian rhythms and a decrease leads to
CC lengthened circadian rhythms. Essential for the circadian rhythmicity
CC of locomotor activity, eclosion behavior, and for the rhythmic
CC component of the male courtship song that originates in the thoracic
CC nervous system. The biological cycle depends on the rhythmic formation
CC and nuclear localization of the TIM-PER complex. Light induces the
CC degradation of TIM, which promotes elimination of PER. Nuclear activity
CC of the heterodimer coordinatively regulates PER and TIM transcription
CC through a negative feedback loop. Behaves as a negative element in
CC circadian transcriptional loop. Does not appear to bind DNA, suggesting
CC indirect transcriptional inhibition (By similarity). {ECO:0000250}.
CC -!- SUBUNIT: Forms a heterodimer with timeless (TIM); the complex then
CC translocates into the nucleus. {ECO:0000250}.
CC -!- SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus {ECO:0000250}. Cytoplasm, perinuclear
CC region {ECO:0000250}. Note=Nuclear at specific periods of the day.
CC First accumulates in the perinuclear region about one hour before
CC translocation into the nucleus. Interaction with Tim is required for
CC nuclear localization (By similarity). {ECO:0000250}.
CC -!- PTM: Phosphorylated with a circadian rhythmicity, probably by the
CC double-time protein (dbt). Phosphorylation could be implicated in the
CC stability of per monomer and in the formation of heterodimer per-tim
CC (By similarity). {ECO:0000250}.
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DR EMBL; U11810; AAA76592.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR AlphaFoldDB; Q25206; -.
DR FlyBase; FBgn0015136; Dpic\per.
DR GO; GO:0005634; C:nucleus; IEA:UniProtKB-SubCell.
DR GO; GO:0048471; C:perinuclear region of cytoplasm; IEA:UniProtKB-SubCell.
DR GO; GO:0048511; P:rhythmic process; IEA:UniProtKB-KW.
PE 3: Inferred from homology;
KW Biological rhythms; Cytoplasm; Nucleus; Phosphoprotein; Repeat.
FT CHAIN <1..>143
FT /note="Period circadian protein"
FT /id="PRO_0000162601"
FT REGION 25..130
FT /note="Disordered"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000256|SAM:MobiDB-lite"
FT COMPBIAS 25..53
FT /note="Polar residues"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000256|SAM:MobiDB-lite"
FT COMPBIAS 64..103
FT /note="Polar residues"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000256|SAM:MobiDB-lite"
FT NON_TER 1
FT NON_TER 143
SQ SEQUENCE 143 AA; 14460 MW; 5F4F2DC27F5D6846 CRC64;
SKSSTETPLS YNQLNYKENL QRFFNSKPVT APTQLDPVNR DSSYASTSRE DACSAISPDH
GGECSGGSGS SGNCTTNSNI RMSSFTNTSI TGTGTSGCGN SGGKLSESGP VEVGGAAADA
GPSLAADNSI PPISVTLTES LLN
