PER_DROPS
ID PER_DROPS Reviewed; 1271 AA.
AC P12348; Q29I05;
DT 01-OCT-1989, integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot.
DT 16-DEC-2008, sequence version 3.
DT 03-AUG-2022, entry version 131.
DE RecName: Full=Period circadian protein;
GN Name=per; ORFNames=GA15408;
OS Drosophila pseudoobscura pseudoobscura (Fruit fly).
OC Eukaryota; Metazoa; Ecdysozoa; Arthropoda; Hexapoda; Insecta; Pterygota;
OC Neoptera; Endopterygota; Diptera; Brachycera; Muscomorpha; Ephydroidea;
OC Drosophilidae; Drosophila; Sophophora.
OX NCBI_TaxID=46245;
RN [1]
RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA].
RC STRAIN=Ayala;
RX PubMed=3208754; DOI=10.1002/j.1460-2075.1988.tb03279.x;
RA Colot H.V., Hall J.C., Rosbash M.;
RT "Interspecific comparison of the period gene of Drosophila reveals large
RT blocks of non-conserved coding DNA.";
RL EMBO J. 7:3929-3937(1988).
RN [2]
RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA].
RC STRAIN=MV2-25 / Tucson 14011-0121.94;
RX PubMed=15632085; DOI=10.1101/gr.3059305;
RA Richards S., Liu Y., Bettencourt B.R., Hradecky P., Letovsky S.,
RA Nielsen R., Thornton K., Hubisz M.J., Chen R., Meisel R.P., Couronne O.,
RA Hua S., Smith M.A., Zhang P., Liu J., Bussemaker H.J., van Batenburg M.F.,
RA Howells S.L., Scherer S.E., Sodergren E., Matthews B.B., Crosby M.A.,
RA Schroeder A.J., Ortiz-Barrientos D., Rives C.M., Metzker M.L., Muzny D.M.,
RA Scott G., Steffen D., Wheeler D.A., Worley K.C., Havlak P., Durbin K.J.,
RA Egan A., Gill R., Hume J., Morgan M.B., Miner G., Hamilton C., Huang Y.,
RA Waldron L., Verduzco D., Clerc-Blankenburg K.P., Dubchak I., Noor M.A.F.,
RA Anderson W., White K.P., Clark A.G., Schaeffer S.W., Gelbart W.M.,
RA Weinstock G.M., Gibbs R.A.;
RT "Comparative genome sequencing of Drosophila pseudoobscura: chromosomal,
RT gene, and cis-element evolution.";
RL Genome Res. 15:1-18(2005).
CC -!- FUNCTION: Essential for biological clock functions. Determines the
CC period length of circadian and ultradian rhythms; an increase in PER
CC dosage leads to shortened circadian rhythms and a decrease leads to
CC lengthened circadian rhythms. Essential for the circadian rhythmicity
CC of locomotor activity, eclosion behavior, and for the rhythmic
CC component of the male courtship song that originates in the thoracic
CC nervous system. The biological cycle depends on the rhythmic formation
CC and nuclear localization of the TIM-PER complex. Light induces the
CC degradation of TIM, which promotes elimination of PER. Nuclear activity
CC of the heterodimer coordinatively regulates PER and TIM transcription
CC through a negative feedback loop. Behaves as a negative element in
CC circadian transcriptional loop. Does not appear to bind DNA, suggesting
CC indirect transcriptional inhibition (By similarity). {ECO:0000250}.
CC -!- SUBUNIT: Forms a heterodimer with timeless (TIM); the complex then
CC translocates into the nucleus. {ECO:0000250}.
CC -!- SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus {ECO:0000250}. Cytoplasm, perinuclear
CC region {ECO:0000250}. Note=Nuclear at specific periods of the day.
CC First accumulates in the perinuclear region about one hour before
CC translocation into the nucleus. Interaction with Tim is required for
CC nuclear localization (By similarity). {ECO:0000250}.
CC -!- DOMAIN: The run of Gly-Thr is implicated in the maintenance of
CC circadian period at different temperatures. Deletion of the repeat
CC leads to a shortening of the courtship song cycle period, and thus
CC could be important for determining features of species-specific mating
CC behavior (By similarity). {ECO:0000250}.
CC -!- PTM: Phosphorylated with a circadian rhythmicity, probably by the
CC double-time protein (dbt). Phosphorylation could be implicated in the
CC stability of per monomer and in the formation of heterodimer per-tim
CC (By similarity). {ECO:0000250}.
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DR EMBL; X13878; CAA32082.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR EMBL; CH379064; EAL31601.2; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR PIR; S01827; S01827.
DR AlphaFoldDB; P12348; -.
DR SMR; P12348; -.
DR STRING; 7237.FBpp0284700; -.
DR eggNOG; KOG3753; Eukaryota.
DR HOGENOM; CLU_002704_0_0_1; -.
DR InParanoid; P12348; -.
DR OMA; PFPGMAN; -.
DR Proteomes; UP000001819; Genome assembly.
DR GO; GO:0005634; C:nucleus; IEA:UniProtKB-SubCell.
DR GO; GO:0048471; C:perinuclear region of cytoplasm; IEA:UniProtKB-SubCell.
DR GO; GO:0048856; P:anatomical structure development; IEA:UniProt.
DR GO; GO:0006357; P:regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II; IEA:UniProt.
DR GO; GO:0048511; P:rhythmic process; IEA:UniProtKB-KW.
DR CDD; cd00130; PAS; 2.
DR InterPro; IPR000014; PAS.
DR InterPro; IPR035965; PAS-like_dom_sf.
DR InterPro; IPR013767; PAS_fold.
DR Pfam; PF00989; PAS; 2.
DR SMART; SM00091; PAS; 2.
DR SUPFAM; SSF55785; SSF55785; 2.
DR PROSITE; PS50112; PAS; 2.
PE 3: Inferred from homology;
KW Biological rhythms; Cytoplasm; Nucleus; Phosphoprotein; Reference proteome;
KW Repeat.
FT CHAIN 1..1271
FT /note="Period circadian protein"
FT /id="PRO_0000162602"
FT DOMAIN 189..259
FT /note="PAS 1"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255|PROSITE-ProRule:PRU00140"
FT DOMAIN 339..409
FT /note="PAS 2"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255|PROSITE-ProRule:PRU00140"
FT REPEAT 657..658
FT /note="1"
FT REPEAT 659..660
FT /note="2"
FT REPEAT 661..662
FT /note="3"
FT REPEAT 663..664
FT /note="4; approximate"
FT REPEAT 665..666
FT /note="5"
FT REPEAT 667..668
FT /note="6"
FT REPEAT 674..675
FT /note="7"
FT REPEAT 676..677
FT /note="8"
FT REGION 1..102
FT /note="Disordered"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000256|SAM:MobiDB-lite"
FT REGION 596..660
FT /note="Disordered"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000256|SAM:MobiDB-lite"
FT REGION 657..677
FT /note="8 X 2 AA approximate tandem repeats of G-T"
FT REGION 746..913
FT /note="Disordered"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000256|SAM:MobiDB-lite"
FT REGION 928..956
FT /note="Disordered"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000256|SAM:MobiDB-lite"
FT REGION 1014..1050
FT /note="Disordered"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000256|SAM:MobiDB-lite"
FT REGION 1143..1191
FT /note="Disordered"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000256|SAM:MobiDB-lite"
FT REGION 1227..1271
FT /note="Disordered"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000256|SAM:MobiDB-lite"
FT MOTIF 65..78
FT /note="Nuclear localization signal"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255"
FT COMPBIAS 1..62
FT /note="Polar residues"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000256|SAM:MobiDB-lite"
FT COMPBIAS 80..102
FT /note="Polar residues"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000256|SAM:MobiDB-lite"
FT COMPBIAS 606..660
FT /note="Polar residues"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000256|SAM:MobiDB-lite"
FT COMPBIAS 746..808
FT /note="Polar residues"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000256|SAM:MobiDB-lite"
FT COMPBIAS 828..885
FT /note="Polar residues"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000256|SAM:MobiDB-lite"
FT COMPBIAS 886..913
FT /note="Basic and acidic residues"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000256|SAM:MobiDB-lite"
FT COMPBIAS 1233..1271
FT /note="Basic and acidic residues"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000256|SAM:MobiDB-lite"
FT CONFLICT 147
FT /note="P -> S (in Ref. 1; CAA32082)"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000305"
FT CONFLICT 188
FT /note="D -> E (in Ref. 1; CAA32082)"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000305"
FT CONFLICT 537..538
FT /note="EL -> DV (in Ref. 1; CAA32082)"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000305"
FT CONFLICT 726..730
FT /note="Missing (in Ref. 1; CAA32082)"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000305"
FT CONFLICT 763
FT /note="G -> D (in Ref. 1; CAA32082)"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000305"
FT CONFLICT 777..781
FT /note="Missing (in Ref. 1; CAA32082)"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000305"
FT CONFLICT 873..875
FT /note="PDS -> ADA (in Ref. 1; CAA32082)"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000305"
FT CONFLICT 1061
FT /note="T -> A (in Ref. 1; CAA32082)"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000305"
FT CONFLICT 1104
FT /note="S -> N (in Ref. 1; CAA32082)"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000305"
FT CONFLICT 1117..1136
FT /note="Missing (in Ref. 1; CAA32082)"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000305"
FT CONFLICT 1165
FT /note="A -> T (in Ref. 1; CAA32082)"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000305"
FT CONFLICT 1179
FT /note="S -> P (in Ref. 1; CAA32082)"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000305"
SQ SEQUENCE 1271 AA; 135420 MW; 4B2B0D88A9FE7495 CRC64;
MEGESTESTQ NTKVSDSAYS NSCSNSQSQR SGSSKSMLSG SHSSGSSGYG GKPSIQTSSS
DMAIKRNKEK SRKKKKAKCT QAQATISSSL EGAEEQPHSS GTTCDQKILH VLATTQQLGD
QPSSLDHKLG EQLEARHNCG VGKAEQPQSF SLPCPLSVST LMPGIGVCHG GNAPGGKWEK
TFESCKLDTG PAKTERVKED SFCCVISMHD GIVLYTTPSI TDVLGFPRDM WLGRSFIDFV
HTKDRATFAS QITTGIPIAE SRCSMPKDAR STFCVMLRQY RGLQTSGYGV IGRSVNYEPF
RLGMSFREAP EEERSDNYMV ANSSNMLLVI CATPIKSSYR VPEEIHSQRS PKFAIRHTAA
GIISHVDSAA VSALGYLPQD LMGRSIMDLY HHDDLPVIKE IYESVMKKGQ TAGASFCSKP
YRFLIQNGCY ILLETEWSSF VNPWSRKLEF VVGHHRVFQG PKICNVFETP PNSEPKIAEE
LQNKNTRIKE EIVNLLAEKV SRPSDTVKQE VSRRCQALAS FMETLMDEVS RADLKLELPH
ENELTVSERD SVMLGEISPH HDYYDSKSSI ETPPSYNQLN YNENLLRFFN SKPVTAPVEV
DPPKVGSSDV SSTREDARST LSPLNGFEGS GASGSSGHLT SGSNIHMSSA TNTSNAGTGT
GTVTGTGTII ATSGTGTVTC ASGNMDANTS AAFNIAANTS AADNFGADTS AADTSGADTS
AADNYAVDNY GPGNFGAENS CADNSGAENS CADNSGVDNS RPGNSGADNS AADNFGADNS
GPDNSGADNS GPDNTGPDNS GAENSRAENS RADNSRPDHP RPDISGASNS RPDKTGPDKS
GAENSASGSG SGTSGNEGPS SGGQDTRTTA GTPDSPPVSL TESLLNKHND EMEKFMLKKH
RESRGDRRTV EKNKNKTTNT IDSLKILEYS STGPGHGTKR GGSYSWEGEG NKPKQQPTLN
SVGVGTGAPE APIPPVHPTH TTHTAIAQSS FSAQQSLFPT FYYIPATPLA ASTPAPGALS
PTPRNQKHHH HAHQHAPKVP DQASTSQQAA GPAAIPLQYV TGVMYPHPSL FYTHPAAAAA
TAMMYQPMPF PGIANAMQLP EQPSTSQSNY SKTVFSVIVA PPTITTTTAT TTPKTQGAFH
SITPAQLQRP SSQDTSVKTE PASNATPSHS SNKKKANSSI ASGIGDYNSN QACSRNRANV
KKYTDSNGNS DDMDGSSFSS FYSSFIKTTD GSESPPDNDK EAKHRKLKNI TRLSSKIMEH
PEEDQTQHGD G
