PER_DROWI
ID PER_DROWI Reviewed; 1093 AA.
AC Q03297; O18421; O18422; P91721; P91722;
DT 01-OCT-1993, integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot.
DT 15-JUL-1998, sequence version 2.
DT 03-AUG-2022, entry version 109.
DE RecName: Full=Period circadian protein;
DE Flags: Fragment;
GN Name=per;
OS Drosophila willistoni (Fruit fly).
OC Eukaryota; Metazoa; Ecdysozoa; Arthropoda; Hexapoda; Insecta; Pterygota;
OC Neoptera; Endopterygota; Diptera; Brachycera; Muscomorpha; Ephydroidea;
OC Drosophilidae; Drosophila; Sophophora.
OX NCBI_TaxID=7260;
RN [1]
RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA].
RC STRAIN=Various strains;
RX PubMed=9214747; DOI=10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a025814;
RA Gleason J.M., Powell J.R.;
RT "Interspecific and intraspecific comparisons of the period locus in the
RT Drosophila willistoni sibling species.";
RL Mol. Biol. Evol. 14:741-753(1997).
RN [2]
RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA] OF 579-646.
RX PubMed=8450754; DOI=10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a039993;
RA Peixoto A.A., Campesan S., Costa R.H., Kyriacou C.P.;
RT "Molecular evolution of a repetitive region within the per gene of
RT Drosophila.";
RL Mol. Biol. Evol. 10:127-139(1993).
CC -!- FUNCTION: Essential for biological clock functions. Determines the
CC period length of circadian and ultradian rhythms; an increase in PER
CC dosage leads to shortened circadian rhythms and a decrease leads to
CC lengthened circadian rhythms. Essential for the circadian rhythmicity
CC of locomotor activity, eclosion behavior, and for the rhythmic
CC component of the male courtship song that originates in the thoracic
CC nervous system. The biological cycle depends on the rhythmic formation
CC and nuclear localization of the TIM-PER complex. Light induces the
CC degradation of TIM, which promotes elimination of PER. Nuclear activity
CC of the heterodimer coordinatively regulates PER and TIM transcription
CC through a negative feedback loop. Behaves as a negative element in
CC circadian transcriptional loop. Does not appear to bind DNA, suggesting
CC indirect transcriptional inhibition (By similarity). {ECO:0000250}.
CC -!- SUBUNIT: Forms a heterodimer with timeless (TIM); the complex then
CC translocates into the nucleus. {ECO:0000250}.
CC -!- SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus {ECO:0000250}. Cytoplasm, perinuclear
CC region {ECO:0000250}. Note=Nuclear at specific periods of the day.
CC First accumulates in the perinuclear region about one hour before
CC translocation into the nucleus. Interaction with Tim is required for
CC nuclear localization (By similarity). {ECO:0000250}.
CC -!- PTM: Phosphorylated with a circadian rhythmicity, probably by the
CC double-time protein (dbt). Phosphorylation could be implicated in the
CC stability of per monomer and in the formation of heterodimer per-tim
CC (By similarity). {ECO:0000250}.
CC -!- MISCELLANEOUS: The sequence shown is that of strain Atlixco.
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DR EMBL; U51055; AAB41360.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR EMBL; U51056; AAB41361.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR EMBL; U51057; AAB41362.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR EMBL; U51058; AAB41363.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR EMBL; U51059; AAB41364.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR EMBL; U51060; AAB41365.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR EMBL; U51061; AAB41366.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR EMBL; U51062; AAB41367.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR EMBL; U51063; AAB41368.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR EMBL; U51064; AAB41369.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR EMBL; U51065; AAB41370.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR EMBL; U51066; AAB41371.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR EMBL; U51067; AAB41372.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR EMBL; U51068; AAB41373.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR EMBL; U51069; AAB41374.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR EMBL; U51070; AAB41375.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR EMBL; U51071; AAB41376.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR EMBL; U51072; AAB41377.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR EMBL; L06342; AAA28765.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR AlphaFoldDB; Q03297; -.
DR SMR; Q03297; -.
DR STRING; 7260.FBpp0249046; -.
DR eggNOG; KOG3753; Eukaryota.
DR GO; GO:0044297; C:cell body; IEA:EnsemblMetazoa.
DR GO; GO:0005634; C:nucleus; IEA:UniProtKB-SubCell.
DR GO; GO:0048471; C:perinuclear region of cytoplasm; IEA:UniProtKB-SubCell.
DR GO; GO:0046982; F:protein heterodimerization activity; IEA:EnsemblMetazoa.
DR GO; GO:0042803; F:protein homodimerization activity; IEA:EnsemblMetazoa.
DR GO; GO:0001306; P:age-dependent response to oxidative stress; IEA:EnsemblMetazoa.
DR GO; GO:0032922; P:circadian regulation of gene expression; IEA:EnsemblMetazoa.
DR GO; GO:0060086; P:circadian temperature homeostasis; IEA:EnsemblMetazoa.
DR GO; GO:0007620; P:copulation; IEA:EnsemblMetazoa.
DR GO; GO:0008340; P:determination of adult lifespan; IEA:EnsemblMetazoa.
DR GO; GO:0008062; P:eclosion rhythm; IEA:EnsemblMetazoa.
DR GO; GO:0043153; P:entrainment of circadian clock by photoperiod; IEA:EnsemblMetazoa.
DR GO; GO:0045475; P:locomotor rhythm; IEA:EnsemblMetazoa.
DR GO; GO:0007616; P:long-term memory; IEA:EnsemblMetazoa.
DR GO; GO:0000122; P:negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II; IEA:EnsemblMetazoa.
DR GO; GO:2000678; P:negative regulation of transcription regulatory region DNA binding; IEA:EnsemblMetazoa.
DR GO; GO:0045187; P:regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, sleep; IEA:EnsemblMetazoa.
DR GO; GO:1904059; P:regulation of locomotor rhythm; IEA:EnsemblMetazoa.
DR GO; GO:0001932; P:regulation of protein phosphorylation; IEA:EnsemblMetazoa.
DR CDD; cd00130; PAS; 2.
DR InterPro; IPR000014; PAS.
DR InterPro; IPR035965; PAS-like_dom_sf.
DR InterPro; IPR013767; PAS_fold.
DR Pfam; PF00989; PAS; 1.
DR SMART; SM00091; PAS; 2.
DR SUPFAM; SSF55785; SSF55785; 2.
DR PROSITE; PS50112; PAS; 2.
PE 3: Inferred from homology;
KW Biological rhythms; Cytoplasm; Nucleus; Phosphoprotein; Repeat.
FT CHAIN <1..>1093
FT /note="Period circadian protein"
FT /id="PRO_0000162614"
FT DOMAIN 150..285
FT /note="PAS 1"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255|PROSITE-ProRule:PRU00140"
FT DOMAIN 303..409
FT /note="PAS 2"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255|PROSITE-ProRule:PRU00140"
FT REGION 557..637
FT /note="Disordered"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000256|SAM:MobiDB-lite"
FT REGION 681..735
FT /note="Disordered"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000256|SAM:MobiDB-lite"
FT REGION 781..800
FT /note="Disordered"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000256|SAM:MobiDB-lite"
FT REGION 856..885
FT /note="Disordered"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000256|SAM:MobiDB-lite"
FT REGION 960..1093
FT /note="Disordered"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000256|SAM:MobiDB-lite"
FT MOTIF <1..12
FT /note="Nuclear localization signal"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255"
FT COMPBIAS 563..618
FT /note="Polar residues"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000256|SAM:MobiDB-lite"
FT COMPBIAS 960..1001
FT /note="Polar residues"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000256|SAM:MobiDB-lite"
FT COMPBIAS 1008..1056
FT /note="Polar residues"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000256|SAM:MobiDB-lite"
FT COMPBIAS 1057..1093
FT /note="Basic and acidic residues"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000256|SAM:MobiDB-lite"
FT VARIANT 611
FT /note="T -> A (in strain: 0811.4)"
FT VARIANT 617
FT /note="S -> F (in strain: 0811.4)"
FT VARIANT 622
FT /note="G -> V (in strain: Guana)"
FT VARIANT 724
FT /note="G -> A (in strain: Manaus 2)"
FT VARIANT 726
FT /note="G -> S (in strain: Santa Maria)"
FT VARIANT 729..734
FT /note="Missing (in strain: Porto Alegre 3)"
FT VARIANT 730..734
FT /note="Missing (in strain: Porto Alegre 4)"
FT VARIANT 731..734
FT /note="Missing (in strain: Manaus 1 and Manaus 3)"
FT VARIANT 732..734
FT /note="Missing (in strain: Lima B, L'habitatue and Cano
FT Mora)"
FT VARIANT 733..734
FT /note="Missing (in strain: Guadeloupe, Manaus 2, Porto
FT Alegre 2, Porto Alegre 1 and Guana)"
FT VARIANT 733
FT /note="G -> V (in strain: Porto Alegre 4)"
FT VARIANT 734
FT /note="Missing (in strain: Manaus 4, Porto Alegre 1 and
FT Porto Alegre 2)"
FT VARIANT 747
FT /note="S -> A (in strain: Guadeloupe and Guana)"
FT VARIANT 764..766
FT /note="Missing (in strain: Manaus 3)"
FT VARIANT 886
FT /note="A -> T (in strain: 0811.4)"
FT NON_TER 1
FT NON_TER 1093
SQ SEQUENCE 1093 AA; 115896 MW; AB6DE050267EC187 CRC64;
NKDKSRKKKK PKCIALATAT AVSLEGTRES PLPASGSCEK VLQELQDTQQ LGEPLVVTET
QLSEQLLETE QNEDQNKSEQ LAQFPLPTPI VTTLSPGIGP GHDCVGGASG GAVAGGCLVV
GAGTDKTSEL IPGKLESAGT KPSQERPKEE SFCCVISMHD GIVLYTTPSI SDVLGFPRDM
WLGRSFVDFV HHKDRATFAS QITTGIPIAE SRGCMPKDAR STFCVMLRRY RGLNSGGFGV
IGRAVNYEPF RLGLTFREAP EEARPDNYMV SNGTNMLLVI CATPIKSSYK VPDEILSQKS
PKFAIRHTAT GIISHVDSAA VSALGYLPQD LIGRSIMDFY HHEDLSVMKD TYETVMKKGQ
TAGASFCSKP YRFLIQNGCF VLLETEWTSF VNPWSRKLEF VVGHHRVFQG PKLCNVFETS
VSAKPKISEE AQNRNARIKE DIVKLLAETV SRPSDTVKQE VSRRCQALAN FMETLMDEIT
RADLKLDLPH ENELTVSERD SVMLGEISPH HDYYDSKSST ETPPSYNQLN YNENLLRFFN
SKPVTAPVEL DPPKVESSYV SSARGEDARS TLSPVQGFEG SGGSGSSGNF TTGSNLHMSS
VTNTSNAGTG TSGTGNSGDG GGGGGADGTG SGAAPPVTLT ESLLNKHNDE MEKFMLKKHR
ESRGRSGDKN KKSANEAMKM LEYSGPGPGH GHGIKRGGSH SWEGEANKPK QQLTLNTGGG
GGGGGGGGGG GGGGLPLFLD VTHTSSSSQN KGPTGVAAGG AGGGVGGGGG SCSGLGGNGN
VGSGNGNNSQ PSTNQYTQSG LPCTQNINLW PPFSVGITTP TSVLSSHTAV PPSSFSPQHS
LFPTFYYIPA SIAASSPSST NTNPNRPHKH AHVHSSSEKP STSQAAAATM PLQYMTGVMY
PHPSLFYTHP AAAAATAMVY QPVPFAGVAN PMQLPEQASK NVYTTQPVMV APPTATNKTQ
GAFHSITPAP PQRPSSQATS VKAETGSNVA PSDTSKKEVP DSPITPTMGD FTLDQPCNNN
ATTLKKYTDS NGNSDDMDGS SFSSFYSSFI KTTDGSESPP ENDKDAKHRK LKSLDQSDNK
IVEHPEEDQT QHG
