ID   PIG9_CLAP2              Reviewed;         507 AA.
AC   M1WCF5;
DT   25-APR-2018, integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot.
DT   01-MAY-2013, sequence version 1.
DT   03-AUG-2022, entry version 29.
DE   RecName: Full=Monoogygenase CPUR_05431 {ECO:0000303|PubMed:28955461};
DE            EC=1.1.1.- {ECO:0000305|PubMed:28955461};
DE   AltName: Full=Ergochrome gene cluster protein CPUR_05431 {ECO:0000303|PubMed:28955461};
GN   ORFNames=CPUR_05431;
OS   Claviceps purpurea (strain 20.1) (Ergot fungus) (Sphacelia segetum).
OC   Eukaryota; Fungi; Dikarya; Ascomycota; Pezizomycotina; Sordariomycetes;
OC   Hypocreomycetidae; Hypocreales; Clavicipitaceae; Claviceps.
OX   NCBI_TaxID=1111077;
RN   [1]
RP   NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA].
RC   STRAIN=20.1;
RX   PubMed=23468653; DOI=10.1371/journal.pgen.1003323;
RA   Schardl C.L., Young C.A., Hesse U., Amyotte S.G., Andreeva K., Calie P.J.,
RA   Fleetwood D.J., Haws D.C., Moore N., Oeser B., Panaccione D.G.,
RA   Schweri K.K., Voisey C.R., Farman M.L., Jaromczyk J.W., Roe B.A.,
RA   O'Sullivan D.M., Scott B., Tudzynski P., An Z., Arnaoudova E.G.,
RA   Bullock C.T., Charlton N.D., Chen L., Cox M., Dinkins R.D., Florea S.,
RA   Glenn A.E., Gordon A., Gueldener U., Harris D.R., Hollin W., Jaromczyk J.,
RA   Johnson R.D., Khan A.K., Leistner E., Leuchtmann A., Li C., Liu J., Liu J.,
RA   Liu M., Mace W., Machado C., Nagabhyru P., Pan J., Schmid J., Sugawara K.,
RA   Steiner U., Takach J.E., Tanaka E., Webb J.S., Wilson E.V., Wiseman J.L.,
RA   Yoshida R., Zeng Z.;
RT   "Plant-symbiotic fungi as chemical engineers: Multi-genome analysis of the
RT   Clavicipitaceae reveals dynamics of alkaloid loci.";
RL   PLoS Genet. 9:E1003323-E1003323(2013).
RN   [2]
RP   FUNCTION, AND INDUCTION.
RX   PubMed=28955461; DOI=10.1186/s40694-016-0020-z;
RA   Neubauer L., Dopstadt J., Humpf H.U., Tudzynski P.;
RT   "Identification and characterization of the ergochrome gene cluster in the
RT   plant pathogenic fungus Claviceps purpurea.";
RL   Fungal Biol. Biotechnol. 3:2-2(2016).
RN   [3]
RP   FUNCTION.
RX   PubMed=32105084; DOI=10.1021/acs.orglett.0c00285;
RA   Wei X., Matsuda Y.;
RT   "Unraveling the fungal strategy for tetrahydroxanthone biosynthesis and
RT   diversification.";
RL   Org. Lett. 22:1919-1923(2020).
CC   -!- FUNCTION: Monoogygenase; part of the ergochrome gene cluster
CC       responsible for the typical purple-black color of the ergot sclerotia
CC       (PubMed:28955461). The ergochrome gene cluster produces several ergot
CC       pigments including the yellow ergochrome secalonic acid and its
CC       derivatives, as well as the red anthraquinones endocrocin and
CC       clavorubin (PubMed:28955461). The pathway begins with the synthesis of
CC       atrochrysone thioester by the polyketide synthase (PKS) CPUR_05437 (By
CC       similarity). The atrochrysone carboxyl ACP thioesterase CPUR_05436 then
CC       breaks the thioester bond and releases the atrochrysone carboxylic acid
CC       from CPUR_05437 (By similarity). The atrochrysone carboxylic acid is
CC       then converted to atrochrysone which is further transformed into emodin
CC       anthrone (By similarity). The next step is performed by the anthrone
CC       oxygenase CPUR_05434 that catalyzes the oxidation of emodinanthrone to
CC       emodin (By similarity). Emodin is further modified to yield
CC       monodictyphenone via several steps involving CPUR_05427, CPUR_05428,
CC       CPUR_05429 and CPUR_05430 (By similarity). The short chain
CC       dehydrogenase/reductase CPUR_05418 then catalyzes the C-5 ketoreduction
CC       to give the xanthone skeleton of the monomeric units (PubMed:32105084).
CC       Ergochromes formation requires further dimerization steps of different
CC       xanthone units, probably catalyzed by the cytochrome P450 monooxygenase
CC       CPUR_05419 (PubMed:28955461). CPUR_05425, CPUR_05426 and CPUR_05431 are
CC       unique to Claviceps, thus it is likely that they are involved in
CC       further modification of xanthone units or in their dimerization
CC       (PubMed:28955461). The yellow ergochromes and the red anthraquinone
CC       pigments endocrocin and clavorubin are products from the same PKS
CC       derived precursors and the latter are likely shunt products in the
CC       pathway of xanthone biosynthesis (PubMed:28955461). It is proposed that
CC       atrochrysone carboxylic acid released from the PKS CPUR_05437 can also
CC       be converted to endocrocin anthrone which is further oxidized into
CC       endocrocin by CPUR_05435 (By similarity). Endocrocin could be then
CC       modified to clavorubin, possibly by CPUR_05423 and CPUR_05431
CC       (PubMed:28955461). Clavorubin is the principal anthraquinone metabolite
CC       produced by the cluster with a much higher yield compared to endocrocin
CC       (PubMed:28955461). {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q4W944,
CC       ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q5BH30, ECO:0000269|PubMed:28955461,
CC       ECO:0000269|PubMed:32105084}.
CC   -!- COFACTOR:
CC       Name=FAD; Xref=ChEBI:CHEBI:57692;
CC         Evidence={ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q54530};
CC   -!- PATHWAY: Pigment biosynthesis. {ECO:0000305|PubMed:28955461}.
CC   -!- INDUCTION: Expression correlates with the formation of the sclerotia
CC       and thus the pigment production (PubMed:28955461).
CC       {ECO:0000269|PubMed:28955461}.
CC   -!- SIMILARITY: Belongs to the PheA/TfdB FAD monooxygenase family.
CC       {ECO:0000305}.
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DR   EMBL; CAGA01000032; CCE31578.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR   AlphaFoldDB; M1WCF5; -.
DR   SMR; M1WCF5; -.
DR   STRING; 5111.M1WCF5; -.
DR   EnsemblFungi; CCE31578; CCE31578; CPUR_05431.
DR   VEuPathDB; FungiDB:CPUR_05431; -.
DR   eggNOG; KOG3855; Eukaryota.
DR   HOGENOM; CLU_009665_20_1_1; -.
DR   OrthoDB; 366744at2759; -.
DR   PhylomeDB; M1WCF5; -.
DR   Proteomes; UP000016801; Unassembled WGS sequence.
DR   GO; GO:0071949; F:FAD binding; IEA:InterPro.
DR   GO; GO:0004497; F:monooxygenase activity; IEA:UniProtKB-KW.
DR   GO; GO:0044550; P:secondary metabolite biosynthetic process; IEA:UniProt.
DR   Gene3D; 3.50.50.60; -; 1.
DR   InterPro; IPR002938; FAD-bd.
DR   InterPro; IPR036188; FAD/NAD-bd_sf.
DR   Pfam; PF01494; FAD_binding_3; 1.
DR   SUPFAM; SSF51905; SSF51905; 1.
PE   2: Evidence at transcript level;
KW   FAD; Flavoprotein; Monooxygenase; NADP; Oxidoreductase; Reference proteome.
FT   CHAIN           1..507
FT                   /note="Monoogygenase CPUR_05431"
FT                   /id="PRO_0000443981"
SQ   SEQUENCE   507 AA;  55809 MW;  D533A145F43EFE1B CRC64;
     MANSSVYADV IVVGAGPVGL FVACELALHD VSVIVLERDA DSDNVWKKGL LGGRGMYKPA
     LEAFYRRGLL ADLLYDEKRV TYLEKTSGFQ YAGHFGGRLL NANAVDFSRF KYHLPGPTFL
     PAKTTIADIE CELSKRATEC GVRIVRGVEI SRVEDEGDEV TVWADNQSFK SNWLVACDGG
     KSTIRKAAGF QFTGTDSELT CYIAVCDVDK PELLGKGMKP TDAGMYIVSG PRHLYVMDFD
     TTFDRSQTVT KEHLERVLQR VSGTSVKIEA LELVSTFTDR CKQTTQYRKG RILLAGDSAH
     IHSPLGAQGL TTGIADAFNL GWKLASTVKG YASADLLDTY QRERQPEGAW TLDWSRSQVV
     IMRPDPAGKA ISRLVTEYMA TDDGTTFFVN KIWGISRRYD LVGAQAHPLV GCSVPDFQFE
     DGSYLGSKLH EGKFMTVDFS GSKLLEEATD LVQPWVGYLS CSVKDRLGMN ALLLRPDGVV
     AWVAEDEVKV DSWKAALSQW IVLPGEA