PILA_MYXXD
ID PILA_MYXXD Reviewed; 220 AA.
AC Q59589; Q1D0A3;
DT 25-JUL-2006, integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot.
DT 01-NOV-1996, sequence version 1.
DT 03-AUG-2022, entry version 127.
DE RecName: Full=Type IV major pilin protein PilA;
DE AltName: Full=Pilin;
DE Flags: Precursor;
GN Name=pilA; OrderedLocusNames=MXAN_5783;
OS Myxococcus xanthus (strain DK1622).
OC Bacteria; Proteobacteria; Deltaproteobacteria; Myxococcales;
OC Cystobacterineae; Myxococcaceae; Myxococcus.
OX NCBI_TaxID=246197;
RN [1]
RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA], FUNCTION, AND MUTAGENESIS OF LYS-49 AND
RP GLY-193.
RX PubMed=8748037; DOI=10.1111/j.1365-2958.1995.mmi_18030547.x;
RA Wu S.S., Kaiser D.;
RT "Genetic and functional evidence that type IV pili are required for social
RT gliding motility in Myxococcus xanthus.";
RL Mol. Microbiol. 18:547-558(1995).
RN [2]
RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA].
RC STRAIN=DK1622;
RX PubMed=17015832; DOI=10.1073/pnas.0607335103;
RA Goldman B.S., Nierman W.C., Kaiser D., Slater S.C., Durkin A.S., Eisen J.,
RA Ronning C.M., Barbazuk W.B., Blanchard M., Field C., Halling C., Hinkle G.,
RA Iartchuk O., Kim H.S., Mackenzie C., Madupu R., Miller N., Shvartsbeyn A.,
RA Sullivan S.A., Vaudin M., Wiegand R., Kaplan H.B.;
RT "Evolution of sensory complexity recorded in a myxobacterial genome.";
RL Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 103:15200-15205(2006).
RN [3]
RP FUNCTION, AND INDUCTION.
RC STRAIN=DK1622;
RX PubMed=9401034; DOI=10.1128/jb.179.24.7748-7758.1997;
RA Wu S.S., Kaiser D.;
RT "Regulation of expression of the pilA gene in Myxococcus xanthus.";
RL J. Bacteriol. 179:7748-7758(1997).
RN [4]
RP EXPRESSION, AND INDUCTION.
RX PubMed=15743959; DOI=10.1128/jb.187.6.2105-2112.2005;
RA Jelsbak L., Kaiser D.;
RT "Regulating pilin expression reveals a threshold for S motility in
RT Myxococcus xanthus.";
RL J. Bacteriol. 187:2105-2112(2005).
RN [5]
RP FUNCTION, MUTAGENESIS OF ALA-32 AND ASP-104, AND SUBCELLULAR LOCATION.
RX PubMed=20444090; DOI=10.1111/j.1365-2958.2010.07180.x;
RA Yang Z., Lux R., Hu W., Hu C., Shi W.;
RT "PilA localization affects extracellular polysaccharide production and
RT fruiting body formation in Myxococcus xanthus.";
RL Mol. Microbiol. 76:1500-1513(2010).
RN [6]
RP FUNCTION, MUTAGENESIS OF ALA-32, AND DISRUPTION PHENOTYPE.
RC STRAIN=DK1622;
RX PubMed=21493683; DOI=10.1099/mic.0.049684-0;
RA Yang Z., Hu W., Chen K., Wang J., Lux R., Zhou Z.H., Shi W.;
RT "Alanine 32 in PilA is important for PilA stability and type IV pili
RT function in Myxococcus xanthus.";
RL Microbiology 157:1920-1928(2011).
RN [7]
RP ACTIVITY REGULATION.
RX PubMed=27393239; DOI=10.1111/mmi.13445;
RA Bretl D.J., Mueller S., Ladd K.M., Atkinson S.N., Kirby J.R.;
RT "Type IV-pili dependent motility is co-regulated by PilSR and PilS2R2 two-
RT component systems via distinct pathways in Myxococcus xanthus.";
RL Mol. Microbiol. 102:37-53(2016).
RN [8]
RP INDUCTION.
RX PubMed=26124238; DOI=10.1128/jb.00281-15;
RA Skotnicka D., Petters T., Heering J., Hoppert M., Kaever V.,
RA Soegaard-Andersen L.;
RT "Cyclic Di-GMP Regulates Type IV Pilus-Dependent Motility in Myxococcus
RT xanthus.";
RL J. Bacteriol. 198:77-90(2016).
CC -!- FUNCTION: Major component of the type IV pili that are required for
CC social gliding motility through cycles of extension and retraction.
CC Extended pili are composed of thousands of copies of PilA and retract
CC upon binding to extracellular polysaccharides and thereby pull the cell
CC forward. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:20444090, ECO:0000269|PubMed:21493683,
CC ECO:0000269|PubMed:8748037, ECO:0000269|PubMed:9401034}.
CC -!- ACTIVITY REGULATION: The two-component PilS2/PilR2 is required for
CC proper assembly of T4P and regulation. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:27393239}.
CC -!- SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Fimbrium. Membrane {ECO:0000269|PubMed:20444090};
CC Single-pass membrane protein {ECO:0000255}.
CC -!- INDUCTION: By the two-component system PilR/PilS component PilR
CC (PubMed:9401034). In the contrary, PilS is a negative regulator of pilA
CC expression. In addition, an increased level of c-di-GMP correlates with
CC reduced transcription of the pilA gene (PubMed:26124238). Expression of
CC pilA seems to be negatively regulated by the accumulation of pilin at a
CC cell end (PubMed:15743959, PubMed:9401034).
CC {ECO:0000269|PubMed:15743959, ECO:0000269|PubMed:26124238,
CC ECO:0000269|PubMed:9401034}.
CC -!- DISRUPTION PHENOTYPE: Deletion mutants show loss of observable pili.
CC {ECO:0000269|PubMed:21493683}.
CC -!- MISCELLANEOUS: Pilin assembly limits pilus production and S motility.
CC This limitation could be linked to the high frequency of reversal of
CC gliding direction observed in M.xanthus. Reversal implies loss of pili
CC at the leading pole of the cell and commissioning of new pili assembly
CC at the other pole.
CC -!- SIMILARITY: Belongs to the N-Me-Phe pilin family. {ECO:0000305}.
CC ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
CC Copyrighted by the UniProt Consortium, see https://www.uniprot.org/terms
CC Distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) License
CC ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
DR EMBL; L39904; AAB40882.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR EMBL; CP000113; ABF90139.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR PIR; S70530; S70530.
DR RefSeq; WP_011555734.1; NC_008095.1.
DR AlphaFoldDB; Q59589; -.
DR SMR; Q59589; -.
DR STRING; 246197.MXAN_5783; -.
DR EnsemblBacteria; ABF90139; ABF90139; MXAN_5783.
DR GeneID; 41363026; -.
DR KEGG; mxa:MXAN_5783; -.
DR eggNOG; COG4968; Bacteria.
DR HOGENOM; CLU_098626_0_0_7; -.
DR OMA; WVIAGFE; -.
DR OrthoDB; 1942466at2; -.
DR Proteomes; UP000002402; Chromosome.
DR GO; GO:0016021; C:integral component of membrane; IEA:UniProtKB-KW.
DR GO; GO:0009289; C:pilus; IEA:UniProtKB-SubCell.
DR InterPro; IPR012902; N_methyl_site.
DR InterPro; IPR045584; Pilin-like.
DR InterPro; IPR028188; Pilin_PilA.
DR Pfam; PF07963; N_methyl; 1.
DR Pfam; PF14245; Pilin_PilA; 1.
DR SUPFAM; SSF54523; SSF54523; 1.
DR TIGRFAMs; TIGR02532; IV_pilin_GFxxxE; 1.
DR PROSITE; PS00409; PROKAR_NTER_METHYL; 1.
PE 1: Evidence at protein level;
KW Fimbrium; Membrane; Methylation; Reference proteome; Transmembrane;
KW Transmembrane helix.
FT PROPEP 1..12
FT /note="Leader sequence"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255|PROSITE-ProRule:PRU01070"
FT /id="PRO_0000246780"
FT CHAIN 13..220
FT /note="Type IV major pilin protein PilA"
FT /id="PRO_0000246781"
FT TRANSMEM 13..33
FT /note="Helical"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255"
FT MOD_RES 13
FT /note="N-methylphenylalanine"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255|PROSITE-ProRule:PRU01070"
FT MUTAGEN 32
FT /note="A->L: Deficient in S motility despite its ability to
FT produce surface pili."
FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:21493683"
FT MUTAGEN 32
FT /note="A->V: Complete loss of detectable cell-surface PilA;
FT when associated with N-104."
FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:20444090"
FT MUTAGEN 49
FT /note="K->E: Pilus-minus S phenotype."
FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:8748037"
FT MUTAGEN 104
FT /note="D->N: Complete loss of detectable cell-surface PilA;
FT when associated with V-32."
FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:20444090"
FT MUTAGEN 193
FT /note="G->D: Pilus-minus S phenotype."
FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:8748037"
SQ SEQUENCE 220 AA; 23388 MW; 20B7B699C74DE3DE CRC64;
MRVSRFNPRN RGFTLIELMI VVAIIGILAA IAIPNFIKFQ ARSKQSEAKT NLKALYTAQK
SFFSEKDRYS DFANEIGFAP ERGNRYGYRV SAAAGDCEVR NAADLPVPAA GVPCISNDSF
RFGANSAIDD PTPVVARFVP QGAAGWNTTL GVQPTIADCP NCNFFAGARG NADNEATFDD
WVIAGFEGSG QVGPCSEAGN VASGTPYNTR NDVACDGAAQ
