POLYP_DROME
ID POLYP_DROME Reviewed; 460 AA.
AC Q4V5R4; A0A0B4LG39;
DT 12-APR-2017, integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot.
DT 03-OCT-2006, sequence version 1.
DT 03-AUG-2022, entry version 122.
DE RecName: Full=Glutamate transporter polyphemus {ECO:0000303|PubMed:24210616};
GN Name=polyph {ECO:0000303|PubMed:24210616, ECO:0000312|FlyBase:FBgn0033572};
GN ORFNames=CG12943 {ECO:0000312|FlyBase:FBgn0033572};
OS Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly).
OC Eukaryota; Metazoa; Ecdysozoa; Arthropoda; Hexapoda; Insecta; Pterygota;
OC Neoptera; Endopterygota; Diptera; Brachycera; Muscomorpha; Ephydroidea;
OC Drosophilidae; Drosophila; Sophophora.
OX NCBI_TaxID=7227 {ECO:0000312|Proteomes:UP000000803};
RN [1] {ECO:0000312|Proteomes:UP000000803}
RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA].
RC STRAIN=Berkeley {ECO:0000312|Proteomes:UP000000803};
RX PubMed=10731132; DOI=10.1126/science.287.5461.2185;
RA Adams M.D., Celniker S.E., Holt R.A., Evans C.A., Gocayne J.D.,
RA Amanatides P.G., Scherer S.E., Li P.W., Hoskins R.A., Galle R.F.,
RA George R.A., Lewis S.E., Richards S., Ashburner M., Henderson S.N.,
RA Sutton G.G., Wortman J.R., Yandell M.D., Zhang Q., Chen L.X., Brandon R.C.,
RA Rogers Y.-H.C., Blazej R.G., Champe M., Pfeiffer B.D., Wan K.H., Doyle C.,
RA Baxter E.G., Helt G., Nelson C.R., Miklos G.L.G., Abril J.F., Agbayani A.,
RA An H.-J., Andrews-Pfannkoch C., Baldwin D., Ballew R.M., Basu A.,
RA Baxendale J., Bayraktaroglu L., Beasley E.M., Beeson K.Y., Benos P.V.,
RA Berman B.P., Bhandari D., Bolshakov S., Borkova D., Botchan M.R., Bouck J.,
RA Brokstein P., Brottier P., Burtis K.C., Busam D.A., Butler H., Cadieu E.,
RA Center A., Chandra I., Cherry J.M., Cawley S., Dahlke C., Davenport L.B.,
RA Davies P., de Pablos B., Delcher A., Deng Z., Mays A.D., Dew I.,
RA Dietz S.M., Dodson K., Doup L.E., Downes M., Dugan-Rocha S., Dunkov B.C.,
RA Dunn P., Durbin K.J., Evangelista C.C., Ferraz C., Ferriera S.,
RA Fleischmann W., Fosler C., Gabrielian A.E., Garg N.S., Gelbart W.M.,
RA Glasser K., Glodek A., Gong F., Gorrell J.H., Gu Z., Guan P., Harris M.,
RA Harris N.L., Harvey D.A., Heiman T.J., Hernandez J.R., Houck J., Hostin D.,
RA Houston K.A., Howland T.J., Wei M.-H., Ibegwam C., Jalali M., Kalush F.,
RA Karpen G.H., Ke Z., Kennison J.A., Ketchum K.A., Kimmel B.E., Kodira C.D.,
RA Kraft C.L., Kravitz S., Kulp D., Lai Z., Lasko P., Lei Y., Levitsky A.A.,
RA Li J.H., Li Z., Liang Y., Lin X., Liu X., Mattei B., McIntosh T.C.,
RA McLeod M.P., McPherson D., Merkulov G., Milshina N.V., Mobarry C.,
RA Morris J., Moshrefi A., Mount S.M., Moy M., Murphy B., Murphy L.,
RA Muzny D.M., Nelson D.L., Nelson D.R., Nelson K.A., Nixon K., Nusskern D.R.,
RA Pacleb J.M., Palazzolo M., Pittman G.S., Pan S., Pollard J., Puri V.,
RA Reese M.G., Reinert K., Remington K., Saunders R.D.C., Scheeler F.,
RA Shen H., Shue B.C., Siden-Kiamos I., Simpson M., Skupski M.P., Smith T.J.,
RA Spier E., Spradling A.C., Stapleton M., Strong R., Sun E., Svirskas R.,
RA Tector C., Turner R., Venter E., Wang A.H., Wang X., Wang Z.-Y.,
RA Wassarman D.A., Weinstock G.M., Weissenbach J., Williams S.M., Woodage T.,
RA Worley K.C., Wu D., Yang S., Yao Q.A., Ye J., Yeh R.-F., Zaveri J.S.,
RA Zhan M., Zhang G., Zhao Q., Zheng L., Zheng X.H., Zhong F.N., Zhong W.,
RA Zhou X., Zhu S.C., Zhu X., Smith H.O., Gibbs R.A., Myers E.W., Rubin G.M.,
RA Venter J.C.;
RT "The genome sequence of Drosophila melanogaster.";
RL Science 287:2185-2195(2000).
RN [2] {ECO:0000312|Proteomes:UP000000803}
RP GENOME REANNOTATION.
RC STRAIN=Berkeley {ECO:0000312|Proteomes:UP000000803};
RX PubMed=12537572; DOI=10.1186/gb-2002-3-12-research0083;
RA Misra S., Crosby M.A., Mungall C.J., Matthews B.B., Campbell K.S.,
RA Hradecky P., Huang Y., Kaminker J.S., Millburn G.H., Prochnik S.E.,
RA Smith C.D., Tupy J.L., Whitfield E.J., Bayraktaroglu L., Berman B.P.,
RA Bettencourt B.R., Celniker S.E., de Grey A.D.N.J., Drysdale R.A.,
RA Harris N.L., Richter J., Russo S., Schroeder A.J., Shu S.Q., Stapleton M.,
RA Yamada C., Ashburner M., Gelbart W.M., Rubin G.M., Lewis S.E.;
RT "Annotation of the Drosophila melanogaster euchromatic genome: a systematic
RT review.";
RL Genome Biol. 3:RESEARCH0083.1-RESEARCH0083.22(2002).
RN [3] {ECO:0000312|EMBL:AAY55008.1}
RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA].
RC STRAIN=Berkeley {ECO:0000312|EMBL:AAY55008.1};
RA Stapleton M., Carlson J., Chavez C., Frise E., George R., Pacleb J.,
RA Park S., Wan K., Yu C., Celniker S.;
RL Submitted (MAY-2005) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases.
RN [4] {ECO:0000305}
RP FUNCTION, SUBCELLULAR LOCATION, DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE, AND DISRUPTION
RP PHENOTYPE.
RX PubMed=24210616; DOI=10.1016/j.cub.2013.09.061;
RA Gonzalez E.A., Garg A., Tang J., Nazario-Toole A.E., Wu L.P.;
RT "A glutamate-dependent redox system in blood cells is integral for
RT phagocytosis in Drosophila melanogaster.";
RL Curr. Biol. 23:2319-2324(2013).
CC -!- FUNCTION: Probable glutamate transporter which transports extracellular
CC glutamate into the cells. Regulates the production of intracellular
CC reactive oxygen species (ROS) probably by controlling the synthesis of
CC antioxidant glutathione. By regulating ROS production in blood cells,
CC required for maintaining bacteria phagocytosis following infection with
CC S.aureus and possibly E.coli. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:24210616}.
CC -!- SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane {ECO:0000269|PubMed:24210616};
CC Multi-pass membrane protein {ECO:0000255}.
CC -!- ALTERNATIVE PRODUCTS:
CC Event=Alternative splicing; Named isoforms=2;
CC Name=A {ECO:0000312|FlyBase:FBgn0033572};
CC IsoId=Q4V5R4-1; Sequence=Displayed;
CC Name=C {ECO:0000312|FlyBase:FBgn0033572};
CC IsoId=Q4V5R4-2; Sequence=VSP_058852, VSP_058853;
CC -!- DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE: Expressed in the hemolymph of larvae and adults.
CC {ECO:0000269|PubMed:24210616}.
CC -!- DISRUPTION PHENOTYPE: RNAi-mediated knockdown in adult blood cells
CC results in decreased survival following infection with S.aureus. Adults
CC infected with S.aureus display decreased phagocytosis, increased
CC bacterial load and increased production of reactive oxygen species
CC (ROS) in the hemolymph. Phagocytosis of latex beads is normal, however
CC flies pre-injected with S.aureus display a significant decrease in
CC subsequent bead phagocytosis. Increased survival following infection
CC with L.monocytogenes. Increased extracellular glutamate in the
CC hemolymph. No effect on motor functions, adult weight and no increase
CC in susceptibility to wounding. Induction of the antimicrobial peptides
CC Drs and DptA in response to S.aureus or E.coli infection is not
CC affected. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:24210616}.
CC -!- MISCELLANEOUS: The name 'polyphemus' derives from the Cyclops in Greek
CC mythology that failed to guard against Odysseus as mutants are unable
CC to defend against microbial infection. {ECO:0000303|PubMed:24210616}.
CC -!- SIMILARITY: Belongs to the amino acid/polyamine transporter 2 family.
CC {ECO:0000305}.
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DR EMBL; AE013599; AAF58727.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR EMBL; AE013599; AHN56099.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR EMBL; BT022592; AAY55008.1; -; mRNA.
DR RefSeq; NP_001286301.1; NM_001299372.1. [Q4V5R4-2]
DR RefSeq; NP_610631.1; NM_136787.2. [Q4V5R4-1]
DR AlphaFoldDB; Q4V5R4; -.
DR SMR; Q4V5R4; -.
DR STRING; 7227.FBpp0087294; -.
DR PaxDb; Q4V5R4; -.
DR DNASU; 36161; -.
DR EnsemblMetazoa; FBtr0088198; FBpp0087294; FBgn0033572. [Q4V5R4-1]
DR EnsemblMetazoa; FBtr0339474; FBpp0308557; FBgn0033572. [Q4V5R4-2]
DR GeneID; 36161; -.
DR KEGG; dme:Dmel_CG12943; -.
DR UCSC; CG12943-RA; d. melanogaster. [Q4V5R4-1]
DR CTD; 36161; -.
DR FlyBase; FBgn0033572; polyph.
DR VEuPathDB; VectorBase:FBgn0033572; -.
DR eggNOG; KOG1304; Eukaryota.
DR GeneTree; ENSGT00940000167965; -.
DR HOGENOM; CLU_009646_0_1_1; -.
DR InParanoid; Q4V5R4; -.
DR OMA; YIYNPYE; -.
DR PhylomeDB; Q4V5R4; -.
DR Reactome; R-DME-352230; Amino acid transport across the plasma membrane.
DR Reactome; R-DME-428559; Proton-coupled neutral amino acid transporters.
DR Reactome; R-DME-71240; Tryptophan catabolism.
DR BioGRID-ORCS; 36161; 0 hits in 3 CRISPR screens.
DR GenomeRNAi; 36161; -.
DR PRO; PR:Q4V5R4; -.
DR Proteomes; UP000000803; Chromosome 2R.
DR Bgee; FBgn0033572; Expressed in testis and 7 other tissues.
DR ExpressionAtlas; Q4V5R4; baseline and differential.
DR GO; GO:0005615; C:extracellular space; HDA:FlyBase.
DR GO; GO:0016021; C:integral component of membrane; IEA:UniProtKB-KW.
DR GO; GO:0005886; C:plasma membrane; IEA:UniProtKB-SubCell.
DR GO; GO:0015171; F:amino acid transmembrane transporter activity; ISS:FlyBase.
DR GO; GO:0015179; F:L-amino acid transmembrane transporter activity; IBA:GO_Central.
DR GO; GO:0003333; P:amino acid transmembrane transport; ISS:FlyBase.
DR GO; GO:0042742; P:defense response to bacterium; IMP:FlyBase.
DR GO; GO:0006909; P:phagocytosis; IMP:FlyBase.
DR GO; GO:0019953; P:sexual reproduction; HEP:FlyBase.
DR InterPro; IPR013057; AA_transpt_TM.
DR Pfam; PF01490; Aa_trans; 1.
PE 2: Evidence at transcript level;
KW Alternative splicing; Amino-acid transport; Cell membrane; Membrane;
KW Phagocytosis; Reference proteome; Transmembrane; Transmembrane helix;
KW Transport.
FT CHAIN 1..460
FT /note="Glutamate transporter polyphemus"
FT /id="PRO_0000439490"
FT TRANSMEM 51..71
FT /note="Helical"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255"
FT TRANSMEM 78..98
FT /note="Helical"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255"
FT TRANSMEM 139..159
FT /note="Helical"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255"
FT TRANSMEM 181..201
FT /note="Helical"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255"
FT TRANSMEM 203..223
FT /note="Helical"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255"
FT TRANSMEM 241..261
FT /note="Helical"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255"
FT TRANSMEM 275..295
FT /note="Helical"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255"
FT TRANSMEM 324..344
FT /note="Helical"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255"
FT TRANSMEM 368..388
FT /note="Helical"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255"
FT TRANSMEM 390..410
FT /note="Helical"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255"
FT TRANSMEM 428..448
FT /note="Helical"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255"
FT VAR_SEQ 98..100
FT /note="IAD -> VYS (in isoform C)"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000305"
FT /id="VSP_058852"
FT VAR_SEQ 101..460
FT /note="Missing (in isoform C)"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000305"
FT /id="VSP_058853"
SQ SEQUENCE 460 AA; 52035 MW; 0B088DD47C0F4A97 CRC64;
MEPKSQDQAP NRDDPDLQTE PLTIAQSITS FYMYNPYEKR SVEVPLTNCD AFISLLKCVI
GTGILAMPLA FRCSGFVMGT VMSILLMILL TYSIHLLIAD MTECCRRRRV PQVSMPEAVR
IAYEEGPKWI NCFGRAAGFM TTCVLVFGQF LLCTVYLVFV SKNFKEIGDH YIERYNERYY
VLVACLLLLP LFMIRRLKYL VPLNLISNFL LYAGFALIMY YLFNGLPNIN DREMVTPPVE
WIEFIAIAAF SLTAVGSMLV VEAHMAHPQS YLGLFGVLNL AVLFILLSNM FFGIIGYWRF
GDNVHASITL NIPQDEILSQ FIKVFIASGI FLSYPLNGFV VITVMFSDYE NSEPRGRYRT
LIEYVVRLLF LFLTGAVAIG VPNLAALTEL EGAFSLSNLN LLCPALIDVF LNYNVGYGRL
MWKLIRDILL ILIGLIFGIV GCTVALMQLI RDFQLTLNSM
