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ATG4_ASPNC
ID   ATG4_ASPNC              Reviewed;         404 AA.
AC   A2QY50;
DT   05-FEB-2008, integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot.
DT   06-MAR-2007, sequence version 1.
DT   03-AUG-2022, entry version 82.
DE   RecName: Full=Probable cysteine protease atg4;
DE            EC=3.4.22.-;
DE   AltName: Full=Autophagy-related protein 4;
GN   Name=atg4; ORFNames=An11g11320;
OS   Aspergillus niger (strain CBS 513.88 / FGSC A1513).
OC   Eukaryota; Fungi; Dikarya; Ascomycota; Pezizomycotina; Eurotiomycetes;
OC   Eurotiomycetidae; Eurotiales; Aspergillaceae; Aspergillus;
OC   Aspergillus subgen. Circumdati.
OX   NCBI_TaxID=425011;
RN   [1]
RP   NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA].
RC   STRAIN=CBS 513.88 / FGSC A1513 / ATCC MYA-4892;
RX   PubMed=17259976; DOI=10.1038/nbt1282;
RA   Pel H.J., de Winde J.H., Archer D.B., Dyer P.S., Hofmann G., Schaap P.J.,
RA   Turner G., de Vries R.P., Albang R., Albermann K., Andersen M.R.,
RA   Bendtsen J.D., Benen J.A.E., van den Berg M., Breestraat S., Caddick M.X.,
RA   Contreras R., Cornell M., Coutinho P.M., Danchin E.G.J., Debets A.J.M.,
RA   Dekker P., van Dijck P.W.M., van Dijk A., Dijkhuizen L., Driessen A.J.M.,
RA   d'Enfert C., Geysens S., Goosen C., Groot G.S.P., de Groot P.W.J.,
RA   Guillemette T., Henrissat B., Herweijer M., van den Hombergh J.P.T.W.,
RA   van den Hondel C.A.M.J.J., van der Heijden R.T.J.M., van der Kaaij R.M.,
RA   Klis F.M., Kools H.J., Kubicek C.P., van Kuyk P.A., Lauber J., Lu X.,
RA   van der Maarel M.J.E.C., Meulenberg R., Menke H., Mortimer M.A.,
RA   Nielsen J., Oliver S.G., Olsthoorn M., Pal K., van Peij N.N.M.E.,
RA   Ram A.F.J., Rinas U., Roubos J.A., Sagt C.M.J., Schmoll M., Sun J.,
RA   Ussery D., Varga J., Vervecken W., van de Vondervoort P.J.J., Wedler H.,
RA   Woesten H.A.B., Zeng A.-P., van Ooyen A.J.J., Visser J., Stam H.;
RT   "Genome sequencing and analysis of the versatile cell factory Aspergillus
RT   niger CBS 513.88.";
RL   Nat. Biotechnol. 25:221-231(2007).
CC   -!- FUNCTION: Cysteine protease that plays a key role in cytoplasm to
CC       vacuole transport (Cvt) and autophagy by mediating both proteolytic
CC       activation and delipidation of ATG8. Required for selective autophagic
CC       degradation of the nucleus (nucleophagy) as well as for mitophagy which
CC       contributes to regulate mitochondrial quantity and quality by
CC       eliminating the mitochondria to a basal level to fulfill cellular
CC       energy requirements and preventing excess ROS production. The protease
CC       activity is required for proteolytic activation of ATG8: cleaves the C-
CC       terminal amino acid of ATG8 to reveal a C-terminal glycine. ATG8
CC       ubiquitin-like activity requires the exposure of the glycine at the C-
CC       terminus for its conjugation to phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and its
CC       insertion to membranes, which is necessary for autophagy. The ATG8-PE
CC       conjugate mediates tethering between adjacent membranes and stimulates
CC       membrane hemifusion, leading to expansion of the autophagosomal
CC       membrane during autophagy. In addition to the protease activity, also
CC       catalyzes deconjugation of PE-conjugated forms of ATG8 during
CC       macroautophagy: ATG8 delipidation is required to release the protein
CC       from membranes, which facilitates multiple events during
CC       macroautophagy, and especially for efficient autophagosome biogenesis,
CC       the assembly of ATG9-containing tubulovesicular clusters into
CC       phagophores/autophagosomes, and for the disassembly of PAS-associated
CC       ATG components. ATG8 delipidation by ATG4 also recycles ATG8-PE
CC       generated on inappropriate membranes to maintain a reservoir of
CC       unlipidated ATG8 that is required for autophagosome formation at the
CC       PAS. {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P53867}.
CC   -!- CATALYTIC ACTIVITY:
CC       Reaction=[protein]-C-terminal L-amino acid-glycyl-
CC         phosphatidylethanolamide + H2O = [protein]-C-terminal L-amino acid-
CC         glycine + a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine;
CC         Xref=Rhea:RHEA:67548, Rhea:RHEA-COMP:17323, Rhea:RHEA-COMP:17324,
CC         ChEBI:CHEBI:15377, ChEBI:CHEBI:64612, ChEBI:CHEBI:172940,
CC         ChEBI:CHEBI:172941; Evidence={ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P53867};
CC       PhysiologicalDirection=left-to-right; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:67549;
CC         Evidence={ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P53867};
CC   -!- SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P53867}. Nucleus
CC       {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P53867}. Preautophagosomal structure
CC       {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P53867}.
CC   -!- SIMILARITY: Belongs to the peptidase C54 family. {ECO:0000305}.
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DR   EMBL; AM270257; CAK40930.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR   RefSeq; XP_001395089.1; XM_001395052.2.
DR   AlphaFoldDB; A2QY50; -.
DR   SMR; A2QY50; -.
DR   MEROPS; C54.001; -.
DR   PaxDb; A2QY50; -.
DR   EnsemblFungi; CAK40930; CAK40930; An11g11320.
DR   GeneID; 4985349; -.
DR   KEGG; ang:ANI_1_1490094; -.
DR   VEuPathDB; FungiDB:An11g11320; -.
DR   HOGENOM; CLU_021259_5_1_1; -.
DR   Proteomes; UP000006706; Chromosome 7R.
DR   GO; GO:0005829; C:cytosol; IEA:EnsemblFungi.
DR   GO; GO:0005634; C:nucleus; IEA:UniProtKB-SubCell.
DR   GO; GO:0000407; C:phagophore assembly site; IEA:UniProtKB-SubCell.
DR   GO; GO:0019786; F:Atg8-specific peptidase activity; IEA:EnsemblFungi.
DR   GO; GO:0000045; P:autophagosome assembly; IEA:EnsemblFungi.
DR   GO; GO:0000422; P:autophagy of mitochondrion; IEA:EnsemblFungi.
DR   GO; GO:0006501; P:C-terminal protein lipidation; IEA:EnsemblFungi.
DR   GO; GO:0044805; P:late nucleophagy; IEA:EnsemblFungi.
DR   GO; GO:0034727; P:piecemeal microautophagy of the nucleus; IEA:EnsemblFungi.
DR   GO; GO:0051697; P:protein delipidation; IEA:EnsemblFungi.
DR   GO; GO:0006612; P:protein targeting to membrane; IEA:EnsemblFungi.
DR   GO; GO:0006508; P:proteolysis; IEA:UniProtKB-KW.
DR   InterPro; IPR038765; Papain-like_cys_pep_sf.
DR   InterPro; IPR005078; Peptidase_C54.
DR   PANTHER; PTHR22624; PTHR22624; 1.
DR   Pfam; PF03416; Peptidase_C54; 1.
DR   SUPFAM; SSF54001; SSF54001; 1.
PE   3: Inferred from homology;
KW   Autophagy; Cytoplasm; Hydrolase; Nucleus; Protease; Protein transport;
KW   Reference proteome; Thiol protease; Transport.
FT   CHAIN           1..404
FT                   /note="Probable cysteine protease atg4"
FT                   /id="PRO_0000317833"
FT   ACT_SITE        133
FT                   /note="Nucleophile"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q9Y4P1"
FT   ACT_SITE        307
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q9Y4P1"
FT   ACT_SITE        309
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q9Y4P1"
SQ   SEQUENCE   404 AA;  45818 MW;  17E0F71D4FF954C9 CRC64;
     MNTVDIGRCS KRIVQYLWDP EPRNDEDPNS SIWCLGIEYH PDKDANTRET PDKNNTRENV
     MGTTNYRKPS EHAWPESFLL DFESRIWMTY RSNFPPIPRV EGDDKSASMT LGVRLRSQLV
     DTQGFTSDTG WGCMIRSGQS LLANALSMLV LGRDWRRGAR FEEESQLLSL FADTPTAPFS
     VHRFVKHGAE SCGKYPGEWF GPSATAKCIE ALSSQCGNPT LKVYVSNDTS EVYQDKFMDI
     ARNTSGAFQP TLILLGTRLG IDNITPVYWD GLKAALQFPQ SVGIAGGRPS ASHYFVGAQG
     SHLFYLDPHY TRPALPDRQE GELYSKEEVD TYHTRRLRRI HVRDMDPSML IGFLIRNQED
     WADWLKRIEA VKGRPIIHVL KQMNPDHDQE AGALDQVEAL DDIE
 
 
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