ID   ATG4_COCIM              Reviewed;         432 AA.
AC   Q1E5M9; A0A0D6K9Q7; J3KL21;
DT   05-FEB-2008, integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot.
DT   11-JUL-2006, sequence version 1.
DT   03-AUG-2022, entry version 78.
DE   RecName: Full=Probable cysteine protease ATG4;
DE            EC=3.4.22.-;
DE   AltName: Full=Autophagy-related protein 4;
GN   Name=ATG4; ORFNames=CIMG_02134;
OS   Coccidioides immitis (strain RS) (Valley fever fungus).
OC   Eukaryota; Fungi; Dikarya; Ascomycota; Pezizomycotina; Eurotiomycetes;
OC   Eurotiomycetidae; Onygenales; Onygenaceae; Coccidioides.
OX   NCBI_TaxID=246410;
RN   [1]
RP   NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA].
RC   STRAIN=RS;
RX   PubMed=19717792; DOI=10.1101/gr.087551.108;
RA   Sharpton T.J., Stajich J.E., Rounsley S.D., Gardner M.J., Wortman J.R.,
RA   Jordar V.S., Maiti R., Kodira C.D., Neafsey D.E., Zeng Q., Hung C.-Y.,
RA   McMahan C., Muszewska A., Grynberg M., Mandel M.A., Kellner E.M.,
RA   Barker B.M., Galgiani J.N., Orbach M.J., Kirkland T.N., Cole G.T.,
RA   Henn M.R., Birren B.W., Taylor J.W.;
RT   "Comparative genomic analyses of the human fungal pathogens Coccidioides
RT   and their relatives.";
RL   Genome Res. 19:1722-1731(2009).
RN   [2]
RP   GENOME REANNOTATION.
RC   STRAIN=RS;
RX   PubMed=20516208; DOI=10.1101/gr.103911.109;
RA   Neafsey D.E., Barker B.M., Sharpton T.J., Stajich J.E., Park D.J.,
RA   Whiston E., Hung C.-Y., McMahan C., White J., Sykes S., Heiman D.,
RA   Young S., Zeng Q., Abouelleil A., Aftuck L., Bessette D., Brown A.,
RA   FitzGerald M., Lui A., Macdonald J.P., Priest M., Orbach M.J.,
RA   Galgiani J.N., Kirkland T.N., Cole G.T., Birren B.W., Henn M.R.,
RA   Taylor J.W., Rounsley S.D.;
RT   "Population genomic sequencing of Coccidioides fungi reveals recent
RT   hybridization and transposon control.";
RL   Genome Res. 20:938-946(2010).
CC   -!- FUNCTION: Cysteine protease that plays a key role in cytoplasm to
CC       vacuole transport (Cvt) and autophagy by mediating both proteolytic
CC       activation and delipidation of ATG8. Required for selective autophagic
CC       degradation of the nucleus (nucleophagy) as well as for mitophagy which
CC       contributes to regulate mitochondrial quantity and quality by
CC       eliminating the mitochondria to a basal level to fulfill cellular
CC       energy requirements and preventing excess ROS production. The protease
CC       activity is required for proteolytic activation of ATG8: cleaves the C-
CC       terminal amino acid of ATG8 to reveal a C-terminal glycine. ATG8
CC       ubiquitin-like activity requires the exposure of the glycine at the C-
CC       terminus for its conjugation to phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and its
CC       insertion to membranes, which is necessary for autophagy. The ATG8-PE
CC       conjugate mediates tethering between adjacent membranes and stimulates
CC       membrane hemifusion, leading to expansion of the autophagosomal
CC       membrane during autophagy. In addition to the protease activity, also
CC       catalyzes deconjugation of PE-conjugated forms of ATG8 during
CC       macroautophagy: ATG8 delipidation is required to release the protein
CC       from membranes, which facilitates multiple events during
CC       macroautophagy, and especially for efficient autophagosome biogenesis,
CC       the assembly of ATG9-containing tubulovesicular clusters into
CC       phagophores/autophagosomes, and for the disassembly of PAS-associated
CC       ATG components. ATG8 delipidation by ATG4 also recycles ATG8-PE
CC       generated on inappropriate membranes to maintain a reservoir of
CC       unlipidated ATG8 that is required for autophagosome formation at the
CC       PAS. {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P53867}.
CC   -!- CATALYTIC ACTIVITY:
CC       Reaction=[protein]-C-terminal L-amino acid-glycyl-
CC         phosphatidylethanolamide + H2O = [protein]-C-terminal L-amino acid-
CC         glycine + a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine;
CC         Xref=Rhea:RHEA:67548, Rhea:RHEA-COMP:17323, Rhea:RHEA-COMP:17324,
CC         ChEBI:CHEBI:15377, ChEBI:CHEBI:64612, ChEBI:CHEBI:172940,
CC         ChEBI:CHEBI:172941; Evidence={ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P53867};
CC       PhysiologicalDirection=left-to-right; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:67549;
CC         Evidence={ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P53867};
CC   -!- SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P53867}. Nucleus
CC       {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P53867}. Preautophagosomal structure
CC       {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P53867}.
CC   -!- SIMILARITY: Belongs to the peptidase C54 family. {ECO:0000305}.
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DR   EMBL; GG704911; EAS36780.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR   RefSeq; XP_001248363.1; XM_001248362.2.
DR   AlphaFoldDB; Q1E5M9; -.
DR   SMR; Q1E5M9; -.
DR   STRING; 246410.Q1E5M9; -.
DR   MEROPS; C54.001; -.
DR   MEROPS; I51.001; -.
DR   EnsemblFungi; EAS36780; EAS36780; CIMG_02134.
DR   GeneID; 4568199; -.
DR   KEGG; cim:CIMG_02134; -.
DR   VEuPathDB; FungiDB:CIMG_02134; -.
DR   InParanoid; Q1E5M9; -.
DR   OMA; CHTRRIR; -.
DR   OrthoDB; 431748at2759; -.
DR   Proteomes; UP000001261; Unassembled WGS sequence.
DR   GO; GO:0005634; C:nucleus; IEA:UniProtKB-SubCell.
DR   GO; GO:0000407; C:phagophore assembly site; IEA:UniProtKB-SubCell.
DR   GO; GO:0008234; F:cysteine-type peptidase activity; IEA:UniProtKB-KW.
DR   GO; GO:0006914; P:autophagy; IEA:UniProtKB-KW.
DR   GO; GO:0015031; P:protein transport; IEA:UniProtKB-KW.
DR   GO; GO:0006508; P:proteolysis; IEA:UniProtKB-KW.
DR   InterPro; IPR038765; Papain-like_cys_pep_sf.
DR   InterPro; IPR005078; Peptidase_C54.
DR   PANTHER; PTHR22624; PTHR22624; 1.
DR   Pfam; PF03416; Peptidase_C54; 1.
DR   SUPFAM; SSF54001; SSF54001; 1.
PE   3: Inferred from homology;
KW   Autophagy; Cytoplasm; Hydrolase; Nucleus; Protease; Protein transport;
KW   Reference proteome; Thiol protease; Transport.
FT   CHAIN           1..432
FT                   /note="Probable cysteine protease ATG4"
FT                   /id="PRO_0000317837"
FT   REGION          74..97
FT                   /note="Disordered"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000256|SAM:MobiDB-lite"
FT   ACT_SITE        160
FT                   /note="Nucleophile"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q9Y4P1"
FT   ACT_SITE        332
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q9Y4P1"
FT   ACT_SITE        334
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q9Y4P1"
SQ   SEQUENCE   432 AA;  49088 MW;  219665026E0C0967 CRC64;
     MNTVDIGQKY KRIVEYLWDP EPKNDDDIIE PVWCLGKEYK TSIPRDSEGA EAPESCNMPG
     MPFLSPMNQM SLSSRDTQAA LSKPATPPHQ LGIQRSKSRE WPTSFLDDFE SKFWFTYRSN
     FPAIPKSRDP DTPLALTLSV RLRSQFLDTH GFTADTGWGC MIRSGQSLLA NALSILNLGR
     DWRRGSKIKE ECELLSLFAD NPQAPFSIHR FVDYGASACG KHPGEWFGPS ATARCIEALS
     NECKHTDLNV YVMSDGSDVH EDQFRQIAGP DGIRPTLILL GVRLGIESVT PVYWEALRAI
     IRYPQSVGIA GGRPSSSLYF IGVQGPYFFY LDPHHTRPAV SWNPDSTLSP ENLDTYHTRR
     LRRLHIREMD PSMLIGFLIK DDDDWKDWKR RLRSVTGNPI IHIFDLERPN FGRHLEREEA
     VDEVEALDDD SN