ID   ATG4_PODAS              Reviewed;         500 AA.
AC   Q86ZL5;
DT   26-APR-2005, integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot.
DT   01-JUN-2003, sequence version 1.
DT   03-AUG-2022, entry version 52.
DE   RecName: Full=Probable cysteine protease ATG4;
DE            EC=3.4.22.-;
DE   AltName: Full=Autophagy-related protein 4;
GN   Name=ATG4; ORFNames=Pa5D0009;
OS   Podospora anserina (Pleurage anserina).
OC   Eukaryota; Fungi; Dikarya; Ascomycota; Pezizomycotina; Sordariomycetes;
OC   Sordariomycetidae; Sordariales; Podosporaceae; Podospora.
OX   NCBI_TaxID=2587412;
RN   [1]
RP   NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA].
RC   STRAIN=s;
RX   PubMed=12892638; DOI=10.1016/s1087-1845(03)00025-2;
RA   Silar P., Barreau C., Debuchy R., Kicka S., Turcq B., Sainsard-Chanet A.,
RA   Sellem C.H., Billault A., Cattolico L., Duprat S., Weissenbach J.;
RT   "Characterization of the genomic organization of the region bordering the
RT   centromere of chromosome V of Podospora anserina by direct sequencing.";
RL   Fungal Genet. Biol. 39:250-263(2003).
CC   -!- FUNCTION: Cysteine protease that plays a key role in cytoplasm to
CC       vacuole transport (Cvt) and autophagy by mediating both proteolytic
CC       activation and delipidation of ATG8. Required for selective autophagic
CC       degradation of the nucleus (nucleophagy) as well as for mitophagy which
CC       contributes to regulate mitochondrial quantity and quality by
CC       eliminating the mitochondria to a basal level to fulfill cellular
CC       energy requirements and preventing excess ROS production. The protease
CC       activity is required for proteolytic activation of ATG8: cleaves the C-
CC       terminal amino acid of ATG8 to reveal a C-terminal glycine. ATG8
CC       ubiquitin-like activity requires the exposure of the glycine at the C-
CC       terminus for its conjugation to phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and its
CC       insertion to membranes, which is necessary for autophagy. The ATG8-PE
CC       conjugate mediates tethering between adjacent membranes and stimulates
CC       membrane hemifusion, leading to expansion of the autophagosomal
CC       membrane during autophagy. In addition to the protease activity, also
CC       catalyzes deconjugation of PE-conjugated forms of ATG8 during
CC       macroautophagy: ATG8 delipidation is required to release the protein
CC       from membranes, which facilitates multiple events during
CC       macroautophagy, and especially for efficient autophagosome biogenesis,
CC       the assembly of ATG9-containing tubulovesicular clusters into
CC       phagophores/autophagosomes, and for the disassembly of PAS-associated
CC       ATG components. ATG8 delipidation by ATG4 also recycles ATG8-PE
CC       generated on inappropriate membranes to maintain a reservoir of
CC       unlipidated ATG8 that is required for autophagosome formation at the
CC       PAS. {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P53867}.
CC   -!- CATALYTIC ACTIVITY:
CC       Reaction=[protein]-C-terminal L-amino acid-glycyl-
CC         phosphatidylethanolamide + H2O = [protein]-C-terminal L-amino acid-
CC         glycine + a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine;
CC         Xref=Rhea:RHEA:67548, Rhea:RHEA-COMP:17323, Rhea:RHEA-COMP:17324,
CC         ChEBI:CHEBI:15377, ChEBI:CHEBI:64612, ChEBI:CHEBI:172940,
CC         ChEBI:CHEBI:172941; Evidence={ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P53867};
CC       PhysiologicalDirection=left-to-right; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:67549;
CC         Evidence={ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P53867};
CC   -!- SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P53867}. Nucleus
CC       {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P53867}. Preautophagosomal structure
CC       {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P53867}.
CC   -!- SIMILARITY: Belongs to the peptidase C54 family. {ECO:0000305}.
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DR   EMBL; BX088700; CAD60696.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR   AlphaFoldDB; Q86ZL5; -.
DR   SMR; Q86ZL5; -.
DR   MEROPS; C54.001; -.
DR   VEuPathDB; FungiDB:PODANS_5_5430; -.
DR   GO; GO:0005634; C:nucleus; IEA:UniProtKB-SubCell.
DR   GO; GO:0000407; C:phagophore assembly site; IEA:UniProtKB-SubCell.
DR   GO; GO:0008234; F:cysteine-type peptidase activity; IEA:UniProtKB-KW.
DR   GO; GO:0006914; P:autophagy; IEA:UniProtKB-KW.
DR   GO; GO:0015031; P:protein transport; IEA:UniProtKB-KW.
DR   GO; GO:0006508; P:proteolysis; IEA:UniProtKB-KW.
DR   InterPro; IPR038765; Papain-like_cys_pep_sf.
DR   InterPro; IPR005078; Peptidase_C54.
DR   PANTHER; PTHR22624; PTHR22624; 1.
DR   Pfam; PF03416; Peptidase_C54; 1.
DR   SUPFAM; SSF54001; SSF54001; 1.
PE   3: Inferred from homology;
KW   Autophagy; Cytoplasm; Hydrolase; Nucleus; Protease; Protein transport;
KW   Thiol protease; Transport.
FT   CHAIN           1..500
FT                   /note="Probable cysteine protease ATG4"
FT                   /id="PRO_0000215867"
FT   ACT_SITE        228
FT                   /note="Nucleophile"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q9Y4P1"
FT   ACT_SITE        393
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q9Y4P1"
FT   ACT_SITE        395
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q9Y4P1"
SQ   SEQUENCE   500 AA;  54817 MW;  99CEF4086D478FCB CRC64;
     MKSTRSGSNN WQSAVSGTSP KIATAMEAAI SAGAEVSRVG RRILQRIWDP EPTNDRSNNE
     PVWCLGCSYL LDTKEYGTPP TLTTSTPPAD ATLTAIVPEP GAGVESEPRR ATEKAGVPVN
     TSNAKAVAPI PVAASGQHQL QVPETPPLSV ASSFDSALAY EEPGQDGGWP PAFLDDFESR
     IWMTYRTGFE VIPRSTDPKA AAALSFTMRF KTSFGDQTGF SSDTGWGCMI RSGQSLLANA
     MLISRAGRAW RRTTNPDIER EIVCLFADDP RAPYSIQNFV NHGAAACGKY PGEWFGPSAT
     ARCIHSLRVY LTRDLPEVYE DNFMSTANPD GNHFHPTLIL VSTRLGIDKI NPIYHEALIS
     TLQLPQAIGI AGGRPSSSHY FIGAQGQWLF YLDPHHPRPA LPYRENPNDY TIEELDSCHT
     RRLRHLHVED MDPSMLIGFL IKDEDDWDLW KSSVKHVQGK AIINVSPHDP EHGMGFGRAG
     AIDEVETLSD EDDTDTVLDL