PSY_CAPAN
ID PSY_CAPAN Reviewed; 419 AA.
AC P37272; B3VKF0;
DT 01-OCT-1994, integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot.
DT 01-OCT-1994, sequence version 1.
DT 25-MAY-2022, entry version 95.
DE RecName: Full=Bifunctional 15-cis-phytoene synthase, chromoplastic {ECO:0000303|PubMed:16578835};
DE EC=2.5.1.32 {ECO:0000269|PubMed:16578835};
DE AltName: Full=Geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate geranylgeranyltransferase;
DE AltName: Full=Phytoene synthase {ECO:0000303|PubMed:8250898};
DE Flags: Precursor;
GN Name=PSY1 {ECO:0000303|PubMed:8250898};
OS Capsicum annuum (Capsicum pepper).
OC Eukaryota; Viridiplantae; Streptophyta; Embryophyta; Tracheophyta;
OC Spermatophyta; Magnoliopsida; eudicotyledons; Gunneridae; Pentapetalae;
OC asterids; lamiids; Solanales; Solanaceae; Solanoideae; Capsiceae; Capsicum.
OX NCBI_TaxID=4072;
RN [1]
RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA], FUNCTION, TISSUE SPECIFICITY, AND DEVELOPMENTAL
RP STAGE.
RC STRAIN=cv. Lamuyo;
RX PubMed=8250898; DOI=10.1006/bbrc.1993.2410;
RA Roemer S., Hugueney P., Bouvier F., Camara B., Kuntz M.;
RT "Expression of the genes encoding the early carotenoid biosynthetic enzymes
RT in Capsicum annuum.";
RL Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 196:1414-1421(1993).
RN [2]
RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA].
RA Hou Z.L., Chen X.W., Wang H.Z., Mou C.L., Chen D.F.;
RL Submitted (MAY-2008) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases.
RN [3]
RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA], AND FUNCTION.
RC STRAIN=cv. Canary, cv. Dove, cv. Fogo, cv. NuMex Sunset, cv. Orange Grande,
RC cv. Oriole, and cv. Valencia; TISSUE=Fruit;
RX PubMed=20582146; DOI=10.1016/j.plantsci.2010.04.014;
RA Guzman I., Hamby S., Romero J., Bosland P.W., O'Connell M.A.;
RT "Variability of carotenoid biosynthesis in orange colored Capsicum spp.";
RL Plant Sci. 179:49-59(2010).
RN [4]
RP FUNCTION, CATALYTIC ACTIVITY, BIOPHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES, COFACTOR,
RP ACTIVITY REGULATION, SUBCELLULAR LOCATION, AND SUBUNIT.
RX PubMed=16578835; DOI=10.1073/pnas.85.19.7054;
RA Dogbo O., Laferriere A., D'Harlingue A., Camara B.;
RT "Carotenoid biosynthesis: Isolation and characterization of a bifunctional
RT enzyme catalyzing the synthesis of phytoene.";
RL Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 85:7054-7058(1988).
CC -!- FUNCTION: Catalyzes the two steps reaction converting geranylgeranyl
CC diphosphate to phytoene via prephytoene diphosphate.
CC {ECO:0000269|PubMed:16578835, ECO:0000269|PubMed:20582146,
CC ECO:0000305|PubMed:8250898}.
CC -!- CATALYTIC ACTIVITY:
CC Reaction=2 (2E,6E,10E)-geranylgeranyl diphosphate = 15-cis-phytoene + 2
CC diphosphate; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:34475, ChEBI:CHEBI:27787,
CC ChEBI:CHEBI:33019, ChEBI:CHEBI:58756; EC=2.5.1.32;
CC Evidence={ECO:0000269|PubMed:16578835};
CC -!- COFACTOR:
CC Name=Mn(2+); Xref=ChEBI:CHEBI:29035;
CC Evidence={ECO:0000269|PubMed:16578835};
CC -!- ACTIVITY REGULATION: Inhibited by inorganic pyrophosphate and
CC hydroxyphenylglyoxal. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:16578835}.
CC -!- BIOPHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES:
CC Kinetic parameters:
CC KM=0.30 uM for geranylgeranyl diphosphate
CC {ECO:0000269|PubMed:16578835};
CC KM=0.27 uM for prephytoene diphosphate {ECO:0000269|PubMed:16578835};
CC pH dependence:
CC Optimum pH is 7.6. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:16578835};
CC -!- PATHWAY: Carotenoid biosynthesis; phytoene biosynthesis; all-trans-
CC phytoene from geranylgeranyl diphosphate: step 1/1. {ECO:0000305}.
CC -!- SUBUNIT: Monomer. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:16578835}.
CC -!- SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Plastid, chromoplast stroma
CC {ECO:0000269|PubMed:16578835}.
CC -!- TISSUE SPECIFICITY: Expressed in fruits, at lower levels in leaves.
CC {ECO:0000269|PubMed:8250898}.
CC -!- DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE: Expressed during ripening.
CC {ECO:0000269|PubMed:8250898}.
CC -!- MISCELLANEOUS: While the color of orange fruits is due either to the
CC accumulation of beta-carotene, or due to only the accumulation of red
CC and yellow carotenoids, all peppers studied have a wild type PSY1
CC enzyme. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:20582146}.
CC -!- SIMILARITY: Belongs to the phytoene/squalene synthase family.
CC {ECO:0000305}.
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DR EMBL; X68017; CAA48155.1; -; mRNA.
DR EMBL; EU753855; ACE78189.1; -; mRNA.
DR EMBL; GU085273; ADH04278.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR EMBL; GU085274; ADH04279.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR EMBL; GU085275; ADH04280.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR EMBL; GU085276; ADH04281.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR EMBL; GU085277; ADH04282.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR EMBL; GU085278; ADH04283.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR EMBL; GU085279; ADH04284.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR RefSeq; NP_001311896.1; NM_001324967.1.
DR AlphaFoldDB; P37272; -.
DR SMR; P37272; -.
DR GeneID; 107868281; -.
DR KEGG; cann:107868281; -.
DR SABIO-RK; P37272; -.
DR UniPathway; UPA00799; UER00773.
DR Proteomes; UP000189700; Genome assembly.
DR GO; GO:0009575; C:chromoplast stroma; IDA:UniProtKB.
DR GO; GO:0004311; F:farnesyltranstransferase activity; IEA:InterPro.
DR GO; GO:0016767; F:geranylgeranyl-diphosphate geranylgeranyltransferase activity; IDA:UniProtKB.
DR GO; GO:0016117; P:carotenoid biosynthetic process; IDA:UniProtKB.
DR CDD; cd00683; Trans_IPPS_HH; 1.
DR Gene3D; 1.10.600.10; -; 1.
DR InterPro; IPR008949; Isoprenoid_synthase_dom_sf.
DR InterPro; IPR002060; Squ/phyt_synthse.
DR InterPro; IPR019845; Squalene/phytoene_synthase_CS.
DR InterPro; IPR044843; Trans_IPPS_bact-type.
DR InterPro; IPR033904; Trans_IPPS_HH.
DR Pfam; PF00494; SQS_PSY; 1.
DR SFLD; SFLDG01212; Phytoene_synthase_like; 1.
DR SUPFAM; SSF48576; SSF48576; 1.
DR PROSITE; PS01044; SQUALEN_PHYTOEN_SYN_1; 1.
DR PROSITE; PS01045; SQUALEN_PHYTOEN_SYN_2; 1.
PE 1: Evidence at protein level;
KW Carotenoid biosynthesis; Chromoplast; Isoprene biosynthesis; Plastid;
KW Transferase; Transit peptide.
FT TRANSIT 1..74
FT /note="Chromoplast"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255"
FT CHAIN 75..419
FT /note="Bifunctional 15-cis-phytoene synthase,
FT chromoplastic"
FT /id="PRO_0000029853"
SQ SEQUENCE 419 AA; 47126 MW; 9167953D6EA92982 CRC64;
MSVALLWVVS PCDVSNGTGF LVSVREGNRI FDSSGRRNLA CNERIKRGGG KQRWSFGSYL
GGAQTGSGRK FSVRSAIVAT PAGEMTMSSE RMVYDVVLRQ AALVKRQLRS TDELDVKKDI
PIPGTLGLLS EAYDRCSEVC AEYAKTFYLG TMLMTPERRK AIWAIYVWCR RTDELVDGPN
ASHITPAALD RWEDRLEDVF SGRPFDMLDA ALSDTVSKFP VDIQPFRDMI EGMRMDLRKS
RYRNFDELYL YCYYVAGTVG LMSVPIMGIA PESKATTESV YNAALALGIA NQLTNILRDV
GEDARRGRVY LPQDELAQAG LSDEDIFAGR VTDKWRIFMK KQIQRARKFF DEAEKGVTEL
SAASRWPVLA SLLLYRRILD EIEANDYNNF TKRAYVSKPK KLIALPIAYA KSLVPSTRT
