AAMA2_AMAEX
ID AAMA2_AMAEX Reviewed; 33 AA.
AC U5L3X2; A0A023UCA3;
DT 28-MAR-2018, integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot.
DT 22-JAN-2014, sequence version 1.
DT 25-MAY-2022, entry version 14.
DE RecName: Full=Alpha-amanitin proprotein 2 {ECO:0000303|PubMed:24050899};
DE Contains:
DE RecName: Full=Alpha-amanitin {ECO:0000303|PubMed:24050899};
DE AltName: Full=Amatoxin {ECO:0000303|PubMed:24050899};
DE AltName: Full=Gamma-amanitin {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P85421};
DE Flags: Precursor;
GN Name=AMA {ECO:0000303|PubMed:24050899};
OS Amanita exitialis (Guangzhou destroying angel).
OC Eukaryota; Fungi; Dikarya; Basidiomycota; Agaricomycotina; Agaricomycetes;
OC Agaricomycetidae; Agaricales; Amanitaceae; Amanita.
OX NCBI_TaxID=262245;
RN [1]
RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA], FUNCTION, AND TISSUE SPECIFICITY.
RX PubMed=24050899; DOI=10.1016/j.gene.2013.09.014;
RA Li P., Deng W.Q., Li T.H., Song B., Shen Y.H.;
RT "Illumina-based de novo transcriptome sequencing and analysis of Amanita
RT exitialis basidiocarps.";
RL Gene 532:63-71(2013).
RN [2]
RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA], AND FUNCTION.
RX PubMed=24613547; DOI=10.1016/j.toxicon.2014.02.020;
RA Li P., Deng W., Li T.;
RT "The molecular diversity of toxin gene families in lethal Amanita
RT mushrooms.";
RL Toxicon 83:59-68(2014).
RN [3]
RP REVIEW ON TOXICITY.
RX PubMed=12475187; DOI=10.1081/clt-120014646;
RA Enjalbert F., Rapior S., Nouguier-Soule J., Guillon S., Amouroux N.,
RA Cabot C.;
RT "Treatment of amatoxin poisoning: 20-year retrospective analysis.";
RL J. Toxicol. Clin. Toxicol. 40:715-757(2002).
CC -!- FUNCTION: Major toxin belonging to the bicyclic octapeptides amatoxins
CC that acts by binding non-competitively to RNA polymerase II and greatly
CC slowing the elongation of transcripts from target promoters
CC (PubMed:24050899, PubMed:24613547). {ECO:0000305|PubMed:24050899,
CC ECO:0000305|PubMed:24613547}.
CC -!- TISSUE SPECIFICITY: Expressed in basidiocarps (PubMed:24050899).
CC {ECO:0000269|PubMed:24050899}.
CC -!- PTM: Processed by the macrocyclase-peptidase enzyme POPB to yield a
CC toxic cyclic octapeptide (PubMed:24050899, PubMed:24613547). POPB first
CC removes 10 residues from the N-terminus (By similarity). Conformational
CC trapping of the remaining peptide forces the enzyme to release this
CC intermediate rather than proceed to macrocyclization (By similarity).
CC The enzyme rebinds the remaining peptide in a different conformation
CC and catalyzes macrocyclization of the N-terminal 8 residues (By
CC similarity). {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:A0A067SLB9,
CC ECO:0000305|PubMed:24050899, ECO:0000305|PubMed:24613547}.
CC -!- MISCELLANEOUS: The typical symptoms of amatoxin poisoning are gastro-
CC intestinal distress beginning 6-12 hours after ingestion, a remission
CC phase lasting 12-24 hours, and progressive loss of liver function
CC culminating in death within 3-5 days (PubMed:12475187). One of the few
CC effective treatments is liver transplantation (PubMed:12475187).
CC {ECO:0000303|PubMed:12475187}.
CC -!- SIMILARITY: Belongs to the MSDIN fungal toxin family. {ECO:0000305}.
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DR EMBL; KF387495; AGW83719.1; -; mRNA.
DR EMBL; KF552093; AHB18721.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR EMBL; KF813063; AIS72327.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR EMBL; KC778582; AGO98238.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR EMBL; KC778583; AGO98239.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR EMBL; KC778584; AGO98240.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR EMBL; KC778585; AGO98241.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR EMBL; KF546278; AHX98302.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR EMBL; KF546279; AHX98303.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR EMBL; KF546280; AHX98304.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR AlphaFoldDB; U5L3X2; -.
DR GO; GO:0090729; F:toxin activity; IEA:UniProtKB-KW.
DR InterPro; IPR027582; Amanitin/phalloidin.
DR TIGRFAMs; TIGR04309; amanitin; 1.
PE 2: Evidence at transcript level;
KW Hydroxylation; Thioether bond; Toxin.
FT PROPEP 1..10
FT /evidence="ECO:0000305|PubMed:24050899"
FT /id="PRO_0000443570"
FT PEPTIDE 11..18
FT /note="Alpha-amanitin"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000305|PubMed:24050899"
FT /id="PRO_0000443571"
FT PROPEP 19..33
FT /evidence="ECO:0000305|PubMed:24050899"
FT /id="PRO_0000443572"
FT MOD_RES 11
FT /note="(3R,4R)-4,5-dihydroxyisoleucine; in form alpha-
FT amanitin"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P85421"
FT MOD_RES 11
FT /note="(3R,4S)-4-hydroxyisoleucine; in form gamma-amanitin"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P85421"
FT MOD_RES 18
FT /note="4-hydroxyproline"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P85421"
FT CROSSLNK 11..18
FT /note="Cyclopeptide (Ile-Pro)"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P85421"
FT CROSSLNK 12..16
FT /note="2'-cysteinyl-6'-hydroxytryptophan sulfoxide (Trp-
FT Cys)"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P85421"
SQ SEQUENCE 33 AA; 3462 MW; 2D8781D3A7C4D633 CRC64;
MSDINATRLP IWGIGCNPCV GDDVTSVLTR GEA
