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S10A8_RAT
ID   S10A8_RAT               Reviewed;          89 AA.
AC   P50115;
DT   01-OCT-1996, integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot.
DT   23-JAN-2007, sequence version 3.
DT   03-AUG-2022, entry version 157.
DE   RecName: Full=Protein S100-A8;
DE   AltName: Full=Calgranulin-A;
DE   AltName: Full=Migration inhibitory factor-related protein 8;
DE            Short=MRP-8;
DE            Short=p8;
DE   AltName: Full=S100 calcium-binding protein A8;
GN   Name=S100a8; Synonyms=Mrp8;
OS   Rattus norvegicus (Rat).
OC   Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia;
OC   Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Glires; Rodentia; Myomorpha; Muroidea; Muridae;
OC   Murinae; Rattus.
OX   NCBI_TaxID=10116;
RN   [1]
RP   NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA].
RC   STRAIN=Lewis/N; TISSUE=Peritoneal cavity;
RX   PubMed=8343166; DOI=10.1006/bbrc.1993.1895;
RA   Imamichi T., Uchida I., Wahl S.M., McCartney-Francis N.;
RT   "Expression and cloning of migration inhibitory factor-related protein
RT   (MRP)8 and MRP14 in arthritis-susceptible rats.";
RL   Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 194:819-825(1993).
RN   [2]
RP   PROTEIN SEQUENCE OF 2-89, MASS SPECTROMETRY, AND ACETYLATION AT ALA-2.
RC   TISSUE=Spleen;
RX   PubMed=9570842; DOI=10.1006/abio.1997.2601;
RA   Raftery M.J., Geczy C.L.;
RT   "Identification of posttranslational modifications and cDNA sequencing
RT   errors in the rat S100 proteins MRP8 and 14 using electrospray ionization
RT   mass spectrometry.";
RL   Anal. Biochem. 258:285-292(1998).
RN   [3]
RP   FUNCTION, AND SUBCELLULAR LOCATION.
RX   PubMed=21487906; DOI=10.1007/s10753-011-9330-8;
RA   Koike A., Arai S., Yamada S., Nagae A., Saita N., Itoh H., Uemoto S.,
RA   Totani M., Ikemoto M.;
RT   "Dynamic mobility of immunological cells expressing S100A8 and S100A9 in
RT   vivo: a variety of functional roles of the two proteins as regulators in
RT   acute inflammatory reaction.";
RL   Inflammation 35:409-419(2012).
CC   -!- FUNCTION: S100A8 is a calcium- and zinc-binding protein which plays a
CC       prominent role in the regulation of inflammatory processes and immune
CC       response. It can induce neutrophil chemotaxis and adhesion.
CC       Predominantly found as calprotectin (S100A8/A9) which has a wide
CC       plethora of intra- and extracellular functions. The intracellular
CC       functions include: facilitating leukocyte arachidonic acid trafficking
CC       and metabolism, modulation of the tubulin-dependent cytoskeleton during
CC       migration of phagocytes and activation of the neutrophilic NADPH-
CC       oxidase. Activates NADPH-oxidase by facilitating the enzyme complex
CC       assembly at the cell membrane, transferring arachidonic acid, an
CC       essential cofactor, to the enzyme complex and S100A8 contributes to the
CC       enzyme assembly by directly binding to NCF2/P67PHOX. The extracellular
CC       functions involve pro-inflammatory, antimicrobial, oxidant-scavenging
CC       and apoptosis-inducing activities. Its pro-inflammatory activity
CC       includes recruitment of leukocytes, promotion of cytokine and chemokine
CC       production, and regulation of leukocyte adhesion and migration. Acts as
CC       an alarmin or a danger associated molecular pattern (DAMP) molecule and
CC       stimulates innate immune cells via binding to pattern recognition
CC       receptors such as Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and receptor for advanced
CC       glycation endproducts (AGER). Binding to TLR4 and AGER activates the
CC       MAP-kinase and NF-kappa-B signaling pathways resulting in the
CC       amplification of the pro-inflammatory cascade. Has antimicrobial
CC       activity towards bacteria and fungi and exerts its antimicrobial
CC       activity probably via chelation of Zn(2+) which is essential for
CC       microbial growth. Can induce cell death via autophagy and apoptosis and
CC       this occurs through the cross-talk of mitochondria and lysosomes via
CC       reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the process involves BNIP3. Can
CC       regulate neutrophil number and apoptosis by an anti-apoptotic effect;
CC       regulates cell survival via ITGAM/ITGB and TLR4 and a signaling
CC       mechanism involving MEK-ERK. Its role as an oxidant scavenger has a
CC       protective role in preventing exaggerated tissue damage by scavenging
CC       oxidants. The iNOS-S100A8/A9 transnitrosylase complex is proposed to
CC       direct selective inflammatory stimulus-dependent S-nitrosylation of
CC       multiple targets such as GAPDH, ANXA5, EZR, MSN and VIM by recognizing
CC       a [IL]-x-C-x-x-[DE] motif; S100A8 seems to contribute to S-
CC       nitrosylation site selectivity (By similarity).
CC       {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P05109, ECO:0000269|PubMed:21487906}.
CC   -!- SUBUNIT: Homodimer. Preferentially exists as a heterodimer or
CC       heterotetramer with S100A9 known as calprotectin (S100A8/A9). S100A8
CC       interacts with AGER, ATP2A2 and with the heterodimeric complex formed
CC       by TLR4 and LY96. Calprotectin (S100A8/9) interacts with CEACAM3 and
CC       tubulin filaments in a calcium-dependent manner. Heterotetrameric
CC       calprotectin (S100A8/A9) interacts with ANXA6 and associates with
CC       tubulin filaments in activated monocytes. S100A8 and calprotectin
CC       (S100A8/9) interact with NCF2/P67PHOX, RAC1 and RAC2. Calprotectin
CC       (S100A8/9) interacts with CYBA and CYBB (By similarity). Calprotectin
CC       (S100A8/9) interacts with NOS2 to form the iNOS-S100A8/A9
CC       transnitrosylase complex (By similarity). {ECO:0000250,
CC       ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P05109}.
CC   -!- SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted {ECO:0000250}. Cytoplasm
CC       {ECO:0000269|PubMed:21487906}. Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton {ECO:0000250}.
CC       Cell membrane {ECO:0000250}; Peripheral membrane protein {ECO:0000250}.
CC       Note=Predominantly localized in the cytoplasm. Upon elevation of the
CC       intracellular calcium level, translocated from the cytoplasm to the
CC       cytoskeleton and the cell membrane. Upon neutrophil activation or
CC       endothelial adhesion of monocytes, is secreted via a microtubule-
CC       mediated, alternative pathway (By similarity). {ECO:0000250}.
CC   -!- MASS SPECTROMETRY: Mass=10149; Mass_error=2; Method=Electrospray;
CC       Evidence={ECO:0000269|PubMed:9570842};
CC   -!- MISCELLANEOUS: Binds two calcium ions per molecule with an affinity
CC       similar to that of the S100 proteins. {ECO:0000250}.
CC   -!- SIMILARITY: Belongs to the S-100 family. {ECO:0000305}.
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DR   EMBL; L18891; AAA41637.1; -; mRNA.
DR   PIR; JN0685; JN0685.
DR   RefSeq; NP_446274.2; NM_053822.2.
DR   RefSeq; XP_006232627.1; XM_006232565.3.
DR   AlphaFoldDB; P50115; -.
DR   SMR; P50115; -.
DR   STRING; 10116.ENSRNOP00000015473; -.
DR   iPTMnet; P50115; -.
DR   PaxDb; P50115; -.
DR   PRIDE; P50115; -.
DR   Ensembl; ENSRNOT00000015473; ENSRNOP00000015473; ENSRNOG00000011557.
DR   GeneID; 116547; -.
DR   KEGG; rno:116547; -.
DR   CTD; 6279; -.
DR   RGD; 620265; S100a8.
DR   eggNOG; ENOG502SA01; Eukaryota.
DR   GeneTree; ENSGT00910000144329; -.
DR   HOGENOM; CLU_138624_6_0_1; -.
DR   InParanoid; P50115; -.
DR   OMA; YHKYSLE; -.
DR   OrthoDB; 1613717at2759; -.
DR   PhylomeDB; P50115; -.
DR   TreeFam; TF332727; -.
DR   Reactome; R-RNO-5668599; RHO GTPases Activate NADPH Oxidases.
DR   Reactome; R-RNO-6798695; Neutrophil degranulation.
DR   Reactome; R-RNO-6799990; Metal sequestration by antimicrobial proteins.
DR   PRO; PR:P50115; -.
DR   Proteomes; UP000002494; Chromosome 2.
DR   Bgee; ENSRNOG00000011557; Expressed in thymus and 17 other tissues.
DR   Genevisible; P50115; RN.
DR   GO; GO:0005829; C:cytosol; IEA:Ensembl.
DR   GO; GO:0005615; C:extracellular space; IDA:RGD.
DR   GO; GO:0045111; C:intermediate filament cytoskeleton; IEA:Ensembl.
DR   GO; GO:0005886; C:plasma membrane; IEA:UniProtKB-SubCell.
DR   GO; GO:0016209; F:antioxidant activity; IEA:UniProtKB-KW.
DR   GO; GO:0050544; F:arachidonic acid binding; IEA:InterPro.
DR   GO; GO:0005509; F:calcium ion binding; IBA:GO_Central.
DR   GO; GO:0048306; F:calcium-dependent protein binding; IBA:GO_Central.
DR   GO; GO:0008017; F:microtubule binding; IEA:InterPro.
DR   GO; GO:0050786; F:RAGE receptor binding; IEA:InterPro.
DR   GO; GO:0035662; F:Toll-like receptor 4 binding; IEA:InterPro.
DR   GO; GO:0008270; F:zinc ion binding; IEA:InterPro.
DR   GO; GO:0006919; P:activation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process; ISS:UniProtKB.
DR   GO; GO:0002526; P:acute inflammatory response; IEP:RGD.
DR   GO; GO:0006915; P:apoptotic process; IEA:UniProtKB-KW.
DR   GO; GO:0014002; P:astrocyte development; ISO:RGD.
DR   GO; GO:0035425; P:autocrine signaling; IGI:ARUK-UCL.
DR   GO; GO:0006914; P:autophagy; ISS:UniProtKB.
DR   GO; GO:0002544; P:chronic inflammatory response; IEP:RGD.
DR   GO; GO:0006954; P:inflammatory response; NAS:RGD.
DR   GO; GO:0045087; P:innate immune response; IEA:UniProtKB-KW.
DR   GO; GO:0002523; P:leukocyte migration involved in inflammatory response; ISS:UniProtKB.
DR   GO; GO:0070488; P:neutrophil aggregation; ISS:UniProtKB.
DR   GO; GO:0030593; P:neutrophil chemotaxis; ISS:UniProtKB.
DR   GO; GO:0018119; P:peptidyl-cysteine S-nitrosylation; ISO:RGD.
DR   GO; GO:0050729; P:positive regulation of inflammatory response; ISS:UniProtKB.
DR   GO; GO:2001244; P:positive regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway; ISS:UniProtKB.
DR   GO; GO:0002793; P:positive regulation of peptide secretion; ISO:RGD.
DR   GO; GO:0045471; P:response to ethanol; IEP:RGD.
DR   GO; GO:0032496; P:response to lipopolysaccharide; IEP:RGD.
DR   GO; GO:0010043; P:response to zinc ion; IEP:RGD.
DR   GO; GO:0042060; P:wound healing; IEP:RGD.
DR   InterPro; IPR011992; EF-hand-dom_pair.
DR   InterPro; IPR018247; EF_Hand_1_Ca_BS.
DR   InterPro; IPR002048; EF_hand_dom.
DR   InterPro; IPR001751; S100/CaBP7/8-like_CS.
DR   InterPro; IPR013787; S100_Ca-bd_sub.
DR   InterPro; IPR028474; S100A8.
DR   PANTHER; PTHR11639:SF5; PTHR11639:SF5; 1.
DR   Pfam; PF01023; S_100; 1.
DR   SMART; SM01394; S_100; 1.
DR   SUPFAM; SSF47473; SSF47473; 1.
DR   PROSITE; PS00018; EF_HAND_1; 1.
DR   PROSITE; PS50222; EF_HAND_2; 1.
DR   PROSITE; PS00303; S100_CABP; 1.
PE   1: Evidence at protein level;
KW   Acetylation; Antimicrobial; Antioxidant; Apoptosis; Autophagy; Calcium;
KW   Cell membrane; Chemotaxis; Cytoplasm; Cytoskeleton;
KW   Direct protein sequencing; Immunity; Inflammatory response;
KW   Innate immunity; Membrane; Metal-binding; Reference proteome; Repeat;
KW   S-nitrosylation; Secreted; Zinc.
FT   INIT_MET        1
FT                   /note="Removed"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:9570842"
FT   CHAIN           2..89
FT                   /note="Protein S100-A8"
FT                   /id="PRO_0000143995"
FT   DOMAIN          13..48
FT                   /note="EF-hand 1"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000305"
FT   DOMAIN          46..81
FT                   /note="EF-hand 2"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000255|PROSITE-ProRule:PRU00448"
FT   BINDING         17
FT                   /ligand="Zn(2+)"
FT                   /ligand_id="ChEBI:CHEBI:29105"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000250"
FT   BINDING         27
FT                   /ligand="Zn(2+)"
FT                   /ligand_id="ChEBI:CHEBI:29105"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000250"
FT   BINDING         33
FT                   /ligand="Ca(2+)"
FT                   /ligand_id="ChEBI:CHEBI:29108"
FT                   /ligand_label="1"
FT                   /ligand_note="low affinity"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000305"
FT   BINDING         59
FT                   /ligand="Ca(2+)"
FT                   /ligand_id="ChEBI:CHEBI:29108"
FT                   /ligand_label="2"
FT                   /ligand_note="high affinity"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000255|PROSITE-ProRule:PRU00448"
FT   BINDING         61
FT                   /ligand="Ca(2+)"
FT                   /ligand_id="ChEBI:CHEBI:29108"
FT                   /ligand_label="2"
FT                   /ligand_note="high affinity"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000255|PROSITE-ProRule:PRU00448"
FT   BINDING         63
FT                   /ligand="Ca(2+)"
FT                   /ligand_id="ChEBI:CHEBI:29108"
FT                   /ligand_label="2"
FT                   /ligand_note="high affinity"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000255|PROSITE-ProRule:PRU00448"
FT   BINDING         70
FT                   /ligand="Ca(2+)"
FT                   /ligand_id="ChEBI:CHEBI:29108"
FT                   /ligand_label="2"
FT                   /ligand_note="high affinity"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000255|PROSITE-ProRule:PRU00448"
FT   BINDING         83
FT                   /ligand="Zn(2+)"
FT                   /ligand_id="ChEBI:CHEBI:29105"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000250"
FT   MOD_RES         2
FT                   /note="N-acetylalanine"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:9570842"
FT   MOD_RES         42
FT                   /note="S-nitrosocysteine"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P05109"
FT   CONFLICT        73
FT                   /note="V -> A (in Ref. 1; AAA41637)"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000305"
SQ   SEQUENCE   89 AA;  10239 MW;  6AC1AFAF3429B01E CRC64;
     MATELEKALS NVIEVYHNYS GIKGNHHALY RDDFRKMVTT ECPQFVQNKN TESLFKELDV
     NSDNAINFEE FLVLVIRVGV AAHKDSHKE
 
 
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