ID   SPEFL_SALTS             Reviewed;          34 AA.
AC   P0DTV8;
DT   17-JUN-2020, integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot.
DT   17-JUN-2020, sequence version 1.
DT   03-AUG-2022, entry version 6.
DE   RecName: Full=Leader peptide SpeFL {ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_00851};
DE   AltName: Full=Arrest peptide SpeFL {ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_00851};
GN   Name=speFL {ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_00851};
GN   Synonyms=orf34 {ECO:0000303|PubMed:30742606};
GN   OrderedLocusNames=SL1344_0683.1;
OS   Salmonella typhimurium (strain SL1344).
OC   Bacteria; Proteobacteria; Gammaproteobacteria; Enterobacterales;
OC   Enterobacteriaceae; Salmonella.
OX   NCBI_TaxID=216597;
RN   [1]
RP   NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA].
RC   STRAIN=SL1344;
RX   PubMed=22538806; DOI=10.1073/pnas.1201061109;
RA   Kroger C., Dillon S.C., Cameron A.D., Papenfort K., Sivasankaran S.K.,
RA   Hokamp K., Chao Y., Sittka A., Hebrard M., Handler K., Colgan A.,
RA   Leekitcharoenphon P., Langridge G.C., Lohan A.J., Loftus B., Lucchini S.,
RA   Ussery D.W., Dorman C.J., Thomson N.R., Vogel J., Hinton J.C.;
RT   "The transcriptional landscape and small RNAs of Salmonella enterica
RT   serovar Typhimurium.";
RL   Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 109:E1277-E1286(2012).
RN   [2]
RP   IDENTIFICATION, FUNCTION, DISRUPTION PHENOTYPE, AND MUTAGENESIS OF
RP   11-ILE--ARG-34; 12-ARG-ARG-13; 26-PHE--ARG-34 AND ARG-34.
RC   STRAIN=SL1344;
RX   PubMed=30742606; DOI=10.1371/journal.pgen.1007646;
RA   Ben-Zvi T., Pushkarev A., Seri H., Elgrably-Weiss M., Papenfort K.,
RA   Altuvia S.;
RT   "mRNA dynamics and alternative conformations adopted under low and high
RT   arginine concentrations control polyamine biosynthesis in Salmonella.";
RL   PLoS Genet. 15:e1007646-e1007646(2019).
CC   -!- FUNCTION: A small protein (arrest peptide) encoded upstream of
CC       inducible ornithine carboxylase gene (speF) that controls expression of
CC       downstream genes (speF and potE) by transcriptional and translational
CC       attenuation. Its expression controls transcription and translation of
CC       downstream SpeF; translation pausing at low Arg levels on this mRNA
CC       prevents premature Rho-dependent transcription termination of speF and
CC       also enhances SprF translation by preventing sequestration of its
CC       ribosome-binding site. In the presence of high Arg levels translation
CC       of this protein allows the formation of an speF mRNA structure that is
CC       degraded by RNase G. {ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_00851,
CC       ECO:0000269|PubMed:30742606}.
CC   -!- SUBUNIT: Binds ornithine in stalled 70S ribosomes, blocking the upper
CC       two-thirds of the exit tunnel. Contacts 23S rRNA and ribosomal proteins
CC       L4 and L22. {ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_00851}.
CC   -!- INDUCTION: Induced by ornithine, repressed by putrescine. Part of the
CC       speFL-speF-potE operon. {ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_00851}.
CC   -!- DISRUPTION PHENOTYPE: Replacing its start codon by AAA (Lys) prevents
CC       expression of SpeFL and leads to generation of a prematurely truncated
CC       speF transcript, and thus prevents expression of downstream SpeF.
CC       {ECO:0000269|PubMed:30742606}.
CC   -!- SIMILARITY: Belongs to the speF operon leader peptide family.
CC       {ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_00851, ECO:0000305}.
CC   ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
CC   Copyrighted by the UniProt Consortium, see https://www.uniprot.org/terms
CC   Distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) License
CC   ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
DR   EMBL; FQ312003; -; NOT_ANNOTATED_CDS; Genomic_DNA.
DR   AlphaFoldDB; P0DTV8; -.
DR   SMR; P0DTV8; -.
DR   Proteomes; UP000008962; Chromosome.
DR   GO; GO:0019843; F:rRNA binding; IEA:UniProtKB-KW.
DR   GO; GO:0006448; P:regulation of translational elongation; IEA:UniProtKB-UniRule.
DR   GO; GO:0031556; P:transcriptional attenuation by ribosome; IEA:UniProtKB-UniRule.
DR   HAMAP; MF_00851; Leader_SpeFL; 1.
DR   InterPro; IPR021237; SpeFL.
DR   Pfam; PF10940; DUF2618; 1.
PE   1: Evidence at protein level;
KW   Leader peptide; RNA-binding; rRNA-binding; Transcription;
KW   Transcription regulation; Translation regulation.
FT   CHAIN           1..34
FT                   /note="Leader peptide SpeFL"
FT                   /id="PRO_0000450347"
FT   MOTIF           10..16
FT                   /note="Ornithine recognition loop"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_00851"
FT   BINDING         13
FT                   /ligand="L-ornithine"
FT                   /ligand_id="ChEBI:CHEBI:46911"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_00851"
FT   MUTAGEN         11..34
FT                   /note="Missing: Prevents expression of full-length speF
FT                   transcript."
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:30742606"
FT   MUTAGEN         12..13
FT                   /note="RR->KK: SpeF expression is no longer decreased in
FT                   response to Arg. Altering these codons to frequent Arg
FT                   codons does not alter SpeF expression."
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:30742606"
FT   MUTAGEN         26..34
FT                   /note="Missing: Prevents expression of full-length speF
FT                   transcript."
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:30742606"
FT   MUTAGEN         34
FT                   /note="R->Q: No change in regulation of SpeF."
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:30742606"
FT   MUTAGEN         34
FT                   /note="R->RWFFCYGYFSIQVFPTLMSFRSIA: Removes Arg regulation
FT                   of downstream speF transcript which is now stable in the
FT                   presence of Arg."
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:30742606"
SQ   SEQUENCE   34 AA;  4325 MW;  ACC222DCBC1E130F CRC64;
     MENNNRFMPH IRRTTHIMMF AHRNSFDFHF FNAR