SPIKE_BC279
ID SPIKE_BC279 Reviewed; 1241 AA.
AC Q0Q475;
DT 29-MAY-2007, integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot.
DT 19-SEP-2006, sequence version 1.
DT 03-AUG-2022, entry version 76.
DE RecName: Full=Spike glycoprotein {ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04099};
DE Short=S glycoprotein {ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04099};
DE AltName: Full=E2 {ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04099};
DE AltName: Full=Peplomer protein {ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04099};
DE Contains:
DE RecName: Full=Spike protein S1 {ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04099};
DE Contains:
DE RecName: Full=Spike protein S2 {ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04099};
DE Contains:
DE RecName: Full=Spike protein S2' {ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04099};
DE Flags: Precursor;
GN Name=S {ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04099}; ORFNames=2;
OS Bat coronavirus 279/2005 (BtCoV) (BtCoV/279/2005).
OC Viruses; Riboviria; Orthornavirae; Pisuviricota; Pisoniviricetes;
OC Nidovirales; Cornidovirineae; Coronaviridae; Orthocoronavirinae;
OC Betacoronavirus; Sarbecovirus.
OX NCBI_TaxID=389167;
OH NCBI_TaxID=196889; Rhinolophus macrotis (Big-eared horseshoe bat).
RN [1]
RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC RNA].
RX PubMed=16840328; DOI=10.1128/jvi.00697-06;
RA Tang X.C., Zhang J.X., Zhang S.Y., Wang P., Fan X.H., Li L.F., Li G.,
RA Dong B.Q., Liu W., Cheung C.L., Xu K.M., Song W.J., Vijaykrishna D.,
RA Poon L.L.M., Peiris J.S.M., Smith G.J., Chen H., Guan Y.;
RT "Prevalence and genetic diversity of coronaviruses in bats from China.";
RL J. Virol. 80:7481-7490(2006).
CC -!- FUNCTION: [Spike protein S1]: Attaches the virion to the cell membrane
CC by interacting with host receptor, initiating the infection.
CC {ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04099}.
CC -!- FUNCTION: [Spike protein S2]: Mediates fusion of the virion and
CC cellular membranes by acting as a class I viral fusion protein. Under
CC the current model, the protein has at least three conformational
CC states: pre-fusion native state, pre-hairpin intermediate state, and
CC post-fusion hairpin state. During viral and target cell membrane
CC fusion, the coiled coil regions (heptad repeats) assume a trimer-of-
CC hairpins structure, positioning the fusion peptide in close proximity
CC to the C-terminal region of the ectodomain. The formation of this
CC structure appears to drive apposition and subsequent fusion of viral
CC and target cell membranes. {ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04099}.
CC -!- FUNCTION: [Spike protein S2']: Acts as a viral fusion peptide which is
CC unmasked following S2 cleavage occurring upon virus endocytosis.
CC {ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04099}.
CC -!- SUBUNIT: Homotrimer; each monomer consists of a S1 and a S2 subunit.
CC The resulting peplomers protrude from the virus surface as spikes.
CC {ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04099}.
CC -!- SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Virion membrane {ECO:0000255|HAMAP-
CC Rule:MF_04099}; Single-pass type I membrane protein {ECO:0000255|HAMAP-
CC Rule:MF_04099}. Host endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate
CC compartment membrane {ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04099}; Single-pass
CC type I membrane protein {ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04099}. Host cell
CC membrane {ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04099}; Single-pass type I membrane
CC protein {ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04099}. Note=Accumulates in the
CC endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment, where it
CC participates in virus particle assembly. Some S oligomers are
CC transported to the host plasma membrane, where they may mediate cell-
CC cell fusion. {ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04099}.
CC -!- DOMAIN: Fusion peptide 1 (FP1) and fusion peptide 2 (FP2) function
CC cooperatively and have a membrane-ordering effect on lipid headgroups
CC and shallow hydrophobic regions of target bilayers. They are considered
CC as two domains of an extended, bipartite FP. The membrane-ordering
CC activity is calcium-dependent and also dependent on correct folding,
CC which is maintained by an internal disulfide bond in FP2.
CC {ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04099}.
CC -!- PTM: Specific enzymatic cleavages in vivo yield mature proteins. The
CC precursor is processed into S1 and S2 by host cell furin or another
CC cellular protease to yield the mature S1 and S2 proteins. Additionally,
CC a second cleavage leads to the release of a fusion peptide after viral
CC attachment to host cell receptor. {ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04099}.
CC -!- PTM: The cytoplasmic Cys-rich domain is palmitoylated. Spike
CC glycoprotein is digested within host endosomes. {ECO:0000255|HAMAP-
CC Rule:MF_04099}.
CC -!- MISCELLANEOUS: Bat coronavirus 279/2005 is highly similar to SARS-CoV
CC (SARS-like).
CC -!- SIMILARITY: Belongs to the betacoronaviruses spike protein family.
CC {ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04099}.
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DR EMBL; DQ648857; ABG47069.1; -; Genomic_RNA.
DR BMRB; Q0Q475; -.
DR SMR; Q0Q475; -.
DR Proteomes; UP000006573; Genome.
DR GO; GO:0044173; C:host cell endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment membrane; IEA:UniProtKB-SubCell.
DR GO; GO:0020002; C:host cell plasma membrane; IEA:UniProtKB-SubCell.
DR GO; GO:0016021; C:integral component of membrane; IEA:UniProtKB-UniRule.
DR GO; GO:0019031; C:viral envelope; IEA:UniProtKB-UniRule.
DR GO; GO:0055036; C:virion membrane; IEA:UniProtKB-SubCell.
DR GO; GO:0075509; P:endocytosis involved in viral entry into host cell; IEA:UniProtKB-UniRule.
DR GO; GO:0039654; P:fusion of virus membrane with host endosome membrane; IEA:UniProtKB-UniRule.
DR GO; GO:0019064; P:fusion of virus membrane with host plasma membrane; IEA:UniProtKB-UniRule.
DR GO; GO:0046813; P:receptor-mediated virion attachment to host cell; IEA:UniProtKB-UniRule.
DR CDD; cd21624; SARS-CoV-like_Spike_S1_NTD; 1.
DR Gene3D; 2.60.120.960; -; 1.
DR HAMAP; MF_04099; BETA_CORONA_SPIKE; 1.
DR InterPro; IPR032500; bCoV_S1_N.
DR InterPro; IPR042578; BETA_CORONA_SPIKE.
DR InterPro; IPR043473; S2_sf_CoV.
DR InterPro; IPR043002; Spike_N_sf.
DR InterPro; IPR044341; Spike_S1_N_SARS-CoV-like.
DR InterPro; IPR018548; Spike_S1_RBD_bCoV.
DR InterPro; IPR036326; Spike_S1_RBD_sf_bCoV.
DR InterPro; IPR002552; Spike_S2_CoV.
DR InterPro; IPR044873; Spike_S2_CoV_HR1.
DR InterPro; IPR044874; Spike_S2_CoV_HR2.
DR Pfam; PF16451; bCoV_S1_N; 1.
DR Pfam; PF09408; bCoV_S1_RBD; 1.
DR Pfam; PF01601; CoV_S2; 1.
DR SUPFAM; SSF111474; SSF111474; 2.
DR SUPFAM; SSF143587; SSF143587; 1.
DR PROSITE; PS51921; BCOV_S1_CTD; 1.
DR PROSITE; PS51922; BCOV_S1_NTD; 1.
DR PROSITE; PS51923; COV_S2_HR1; 1.
PE 3: Inferred from homology;
KW Coiled coil; Disulfide bond;
KW Fusion of virus membrane with host endosomal membrane;
KW Fusion of virus membrane with host membrane; Glycoprotein;
KW Host cell membrane; Host membrane; Host-virus interaction; Lipoprotein;
KW Membrane; Palmitate; Signal; Transmembrane; Transmembrane helix;
KW Viral attachment to host cell; Viral envelope protein;
KW Viral penetration into host cytoplasm; Virion; Virulence;
KW Virus entry into host cell.
FT SIGNAL 1..13
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04099"
FT CHAIN 14..1241
FT /note="Spike glycoprotein"
FT /id="PRO_0000289926"
FT CHAIN 14..653
FT /note="Spike protein S1"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04099"
FT /id="PRO_0000444056"
FT CHAIN 654..1241
FT /note="Spike protein S2"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04099"
FT /id="PRO_0000289928"
FT CHAIN 784..1241
FT /note="Spike protein S2'"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04099"
FT /id="PRO_0000444057"
FT TOPO_DOM 14..1181
FT /note="Extracellular"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04099"
FT TRANSMEM 1182..1202
FT /note="Helical"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04099"
FT TOPO_DOM 1203..1241
FT /note="Cytoplasmic"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04099"
FT DOMAIN 14..294
FT /note="BetaCoV S1-NTD"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255|PROSITE-ProRule:PRU01270"
FT DOMAIN 325..499
FT /note="BetaCoV S1-CTD"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255|PROSITE-ProRule:PRU01269"
FT REGION 784..805
FT /note="Fusion peptide 1"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04099"
FT REGION 803..823
FT /note="Fusion peptide 2"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04099"
FT REGION 888..938
FT /note="Heptad repeat 1"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04099"
FT REGION 1131..1170
FT /note="Heptad repeat 2"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04099"
FT COILED 917..961
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04099"
FT COILED 1143..1171
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04099"
FT MOTIF 1237..1241
FT /note="KxHxx"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04099"
FT SITE 653..654
FT /note="Cleavage"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04099"
FT SITE 783..784
FT /note="Cleavage"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04099"
FT CARBOHYD 65
FT /note="N-linked (GlcNAc...) asparagine; by host"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04099"
FT CARBOHYD 115
FT /note="N-linked (GlcNAc...) asparagine; by host"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04099"
FT CARBOHYD 124
FT /note="N-linked (GlcNAc...) asparagine; by host"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04099"
FT CARBOHYD 125
FT /note="N-linked (GlcNAc...) asparagine; by host"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04099"
FT CARBOHYD 162
FT /note="N-linked (GlcNAc...) asparagine; by host"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04099"
FT CARBOHYD 231
FT /note="N-linked (GlcNAc...) asparagine; by host"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04099"
FT CARBOHYD 273
FT /note="N-linked (GlcNAc...) asparagine; by host"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04099"
FT CARBOHYD 298
FT /note="N-linked (GlcNAc...) asparagine; by host"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04099"
FT CARBOHYD 322
FT /note="N-linked (GlcNAc...) asparagine; by host"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04099"
FT CARBOHYD 334
FT /note="N-linked (GlcNAc...) asparagine; by host"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04099"
FT CARBOHYD 361
FT /note="N-linked (GlcNAc...) asparagine; by host"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04099"
FT CARBOHYD 575
FT /note="N-linked (GlcNAc...) asparagine; by host"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04099"
FT CARBOHYD 588
FT /note="N-linked (GlcNAc...) asparagine; by host"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04099"
FT CARBOHYD 629
FT /note="N-linked (GlcNAc...) asparagine; by host"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04099"
FT CARBOHYD 677
FT /note="N-linked (GlcNAc...) asparagine; by host"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04099"
FT CARBOHYD 685
FT /note="N-linked (GlcNAc...) asparagine; by host"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04099"
FT CARBOHYD 769
FT /note="N-linked (GlcNAc...) asparagine; by host"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04099"
FT CARBOHYD 1042
FT /note="N-linked (GlcNAc...) asparagine; by host"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04099"
FT CARBOHYD 1066
FT /note="N-linked (GlcNAc...) asparagine; by host"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04099"
FT CARBOHYD 1102
FT /note="N-linked (GlcNAc...) asparagine; by host"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04099"
FT CARBOHYD 1126
FT /note="N-linked (GlcNAc...) asparagine; by host"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04099"
FT CARBOHYD 1141
FT /note="N-linked (GlcNAc...) asparagine; by host"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04099"
FT CARBOHYD 1162
FT /note="N-linked (GlcNAc...) asparagine; by host"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04099"
FT DISULFID 19..139
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255|PROSITE-ProRule:PRU01270"
FT DISULFID 134..163
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255|PROSITE-ProRule:PRU01270"
FT DISULFID 282..292
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255|PROSITE-ProRule:PRU01270"
FT DISULFID 327..352
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255|PROSITE-ProRule:PRU01269"
FT DISULFID 370..423
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255|PROSITE-ProRule:PRU01269"
FT DISULFID 382..497
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255|PROSITE-ProRule:PRU01269"
FT DISULFID 808..819
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04099"
SQ SEQUENCE 1241 AA; 137942 MW; 441A3F3EBBEF9A2F CRC64;
MKVLIFALLF SLAKAQEGCG IISRKPQPKM EKVSSSRRGV YYNDDIFRSD VLHLTQDYFL
PFDSNLTQYF SLNIDSNKYT YFDNPILDFG DGVYFAATEK SNVIRGWIFG SSFDNTTQSA
IIVNNSTHII IRVCNFNLCK EPMYTVSKGT QQSSWVYQSA FNCTYDRVEK SFQLDTAPKT
GNFKDLREYV FKNRDGFLSV YQTYTAVNLP RGFPAGFSVL RPILKLPFGI NITSYRVVMT
MFSQFNSNFL PESAAYYVGN LKYTTFMLSF NENGTITDAV DCSQNPLAEL KCTIKNFNVS
KGIYQTSNFR VTPTQEVVRF PNITNRCPFD KVFNASRFPN VYAWERTKIS DCVADYTVLY
NSTSFSTFKC YGVSPSKLID LCFTSVYADT FLIRSSEVRQ VAPGETGVIA DYNYKLPDDF
TGCVIAWNTA QQDQGQYYYR SYRKEKLKPF ERDLSSDENG VYTLSTYDFY PSIPVEYQAT
RVVVLSFELL NAPATVCGPK LSTQLVKNQC VNFNFNGLRG TGVLTTSSKR FQSFQQFGRD
TSDFTDSVRD PQTLEILDIS PCSFGGVSVI TPGTNASSEV AVLYQDVNCT DVPTSIHADQ
LTPAWRVYST GVNVFQTQAG CLIGAEHVNA SYECDIPIGA GICASYHTAS VLRSTGQKSI
VAYTMSLGAE NSIAYANNSI AIPTNFSISV TTEVMPVSIA KTSVDCTMYI CGDSLECSNL
LLQYGSFCTQ LNRALTGIAI EQDKNTQEVF AQVKQMYKTP AIKDFGGFNF SQILPDPSKP
TKRSFIEDLL FNKVTLADAG FMKQYGECLG DISARDLICA QKFNGLTVLP PLLTDEMIAA
YTAALVSGTA TAGWTFGAGS ALQIPFAMQM AYRFNGIGVT QNVLYENQKQ IANQFNKAIS
QIQESLTTTS TALGKLQDVV NDNAQALNTL VKQLSSNFGA ISSVLNDILS RLDKVEAEVQ
IDRLITGRLQ SLQTYVTQQL IRAAEIRASA NLAATKMSEC VLGQSKRVDF CGKGYHLMSF
PQAAPHGVVF LHVTYVPSQE RNFTTAPAIC HEGKAYFPRE GVFVSNGTSW FITQRNFYSP
QIITTDNTFV AGNCDVVIGI INNTVYDPLQ PELDSFKEEL DKYFKNHTSP DVDLGDISGI
NASVVNIQKE IDRLNEVAKN LNESLIDLQE LGKYEQYIKW PWYVWLGFIA GLIAIVMVTI
LLCCMTSCCS CLKGACSCGS CCKFDEDDSE PVLKGVKLHY T
