SPIKE_CVBL9
ID SPIKE_CVBL9 Reviewed; 1363 AA.
AC P25191;
DT 01-MAY-1992, integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot.
DT 01-MAY-1992, sequence version 1.
DT 03-AUG-2022, entry version 113.
DE RecName: Full=Spike glycoprotein {ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04099};
DE Short=S glycoprotein {ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04099};
DE AltName: Full=E2 {ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04099};
DE AltName: Full=Peplomer protein {ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04099};
DE Contains:
DE RecName: Full=Spike protein S1 {ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04099};
DE Contains:
DE RecName: Full=Spike protein S2 {ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04099};
DE Contains:
DE RecName: Full=Spike protein S2' {ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04099};
DE Flags: Precursor;
GN Name=S {ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04099}; ORFNames=3;
OS Bovine coronavirus (strain L9) (BCoV) (BCV).
OC Viruses; Riboviria; Orthornavirae; Pisuviricota; Pisoniviricetes;
OC Nidovirales; Cornidovirineae; Coronaviridae; Orthocoronavirinae;
OC Betacoronavirus; Embecovirus.
OX NCBI_TaxID=11130;
OH NCBI_TaxID=9913; Bos taurus (Bovine).
RN [1]
RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC RNA].
RX PubMed=2053289; DOI=10.1016/0042-6822(91)90154-4;
RA Zhang X., Kousoulas K.G., Storz J.;
RT "Comparison of the nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences of the S
RT genes specified by virulent and avirulent strains of bovine
RT coronaviruses.";
RL Virology 183:397-404(1991).
RN [2]
RP BINDING TO 9-O-ACETYLATED SIALIC ACID.
RX PubMed=1920630; DOI=10.1128/jvi.65.11.6232-6237.1991;
RA Schultze B., Gross H.-J., Brossmer R., Herrler G.;
RT "The S protein of bovine coronavirus is a hemagglutinin recognizing 9-O-
RT acetylated sialic acid as a receptor determinant.";
RL J. Virol. 65:6232-6237(1991).
CC -!- FUNCTION: [Spike protein S1]: Attaches the virion to the cell membrane
CC by interacting with host receptor, initiating the infection.
CC {ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04099}.
CC -!- FUNCTION: [Spike protein S2]: Mediates fusion of the virion and
CC cellular membranes by acting as a class I viral fusion protein. Under
CC the current model, the protein has at least three conformational
CC states: pre-fusion native state, pre-hairpin intermediate state, and
CC post-fusion hairpin state. During viral and target cell membrane
CC fusion, the coiled coil regions (heptad repeats) assume a trimer-of-
CC hairpins structure, positioning the fusion peptide in close proximity
CC to the C-terminal region of the ectodomain. The formation of this
CC structure appears to drive apposition and subsequent fusion of viral
CC and target cell membranes. {ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04099}.
CC -!- FUNCTION: [Spike protein S2']: Acts as a viral fusion peptide which is
CC unmasked following S2 cleavage occurring upon virus endocytosis.
CC {ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04099}.
CC -!- SUBUNIT: Homotrimer; each monomer consists of a S1 and a S2 subunit.
CC The resulting peplomers protrude from the virus surface as spikes.
CC {ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04099}.
CC -!- SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Virion membrane {ECO:0000255|HAMAP-
CC Rule:MF_04099}; Single-pass type I membrane protein {ECO:0000255|HAMAP-
CC Rule:MF_04099}. Host endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate
CC compartment membrane {ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04099}; Single-pass
CC type I membrane protein {ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04099}. Host cell
CC membrane {ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04099}; Single-pass type I membrane
CC protein {ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04099}. Note=Accumulates in the
CC endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment, where it
CC participates in virus particle assembly. Some S oligomers are
CC transported to the host plasma membrane, where they may mediate cell-
CC cell fusion. {ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04099}.
CC -!- DOMAIN: Fusion peptide 1 (FP1) and fusion peptide 2 (FP2) function
CC cooperatively and have a membrane-ordering effect on lipid headgroups
CC and shallow hydrophobic regions of target bilayers. They are considered
CC as two domains of an extended, bipartite FP. The membrane-ordering
CC activity is calcium-dependent and also dependent on correct folding,
CC which is maintained by an internal disulfide bond in FP2.
CC {ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04099}.
CC -!- PTM: Specific enzymatic cleavages in vivo yield mature proteins. The
CC precursor is processed into S1 and S2 by host cell furin or furin-like
CC protease to yield the mature S1 and S2 proteins. The cleavage site
CC between S1 and S2 requires the optimal sequence [KR]-X-[KR]-R. Cleavage
CC is not necessary for virus-cell fusion, and fusion probably occurs at
CC the host plasma membrane (By similarity). {ECO:0000250}.
CC -!- PTM: Specific enzymatic cleavages in vivo yield mature proteins. The
CC precursor is processed into S1 and S2 by host cell furin or another
CC cellular protease to yield the mature S1 and S2 proteins. Additionally,
CC a second cleavage leads to the release of a fusion peptide after viral
CC attachment to host cell receptor. {ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04099}.
CC -!- PTM: The cytoplasmic Cys-rich domain is palmitoylated. Spike
CC glycoprotein is digested within host endosomes. {ECO:0000255|HAMAP-
CC Rule:MF_04099}.
CC -!- SIMILARITY: Belongs to the betacoronaviruses spike protein family.
CC {ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04099}.
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DR EMBL; M64667; AAA42907.1; -; Genomic_RNA.
DR PIR; A40320; VGIHL9.
DR SMR; P25191; -.
DR GO; GO:0044173; C:host cell endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment membrane; IEA:UniProtKB-SubCell.
DR GO; GO:0020002; C:host cell plasma membrane; IEA:UniProtKB-SubCell.
DR GO; GO:0016021; C:integral component of membrane; IEA:UniProtKB-UniRule.
DR GO; GO:0019031; C:viral envelope; IEA:UniProtKB-UniRule.
DR GO; GO:0055036; C:virion membrane; IEA:UniProtKB-SubCell.
DR GO; GO:0075509; P:endocytosis involved in viral entry into host cell; IEA:UniProtKB-UniRule.
DR GO; GO:0039654; P:fusion of virus membrane with host endosome membrane; IEA:UniProtKB-UniRule.
DR GO; GO:0019064; P:fusion of virus membrane with host plasma membrane; IEA:UniProtKB-UniRule.
DR GO; GO:0046813; P:receptor-mediated virion attachment to host cell; IEA:UniProtKB-UniRule.
DR CDD; cd21485; HCoV-OC43-like_Spike_S1_RBD; 1.
DR CDD; cd21625; MHV-like_Spike_S1_NTD; 1.
DR Gene3D; 2.60.120.960; -; 1.
DR HAMAP; MF_04099; BETA_CORONA_SPIKE; 1.
DR InterPro; IPR032500; bCoV_S1_N.
DR InterPro; IPR042578; BETA_CORONA_SPIKE.
DR InterPro; IPR043607; CoV_S1_C.
DR InterPro; IPR043473; S2_sf_CoV.
DR InterPro; IPR043002; Spike_N_sf.
DR InterPro; IPR044339; Spike_S1_NTD_MHV-like.
DR InterPro; IPR018548; Spike_S1_RBD_bCoV.
DR InterPro; IPR044372; Spike_S1_RBD_HCoV-OC43-like.
DR InterPro; IPR036326; Spike_S1_RBD_sf_bCoV.
DR InterPro; IPR002552; Spike_S2_CoV.
DR InterPro; IPR044873; Spike_S2_CoV_HR1.
DR InterPro; IPR044874; Spike_S2_CoV_HR2.
DR Pfam; PF16451; bCoV_S1_N; 1.
DR Pfam; PF09408; bCoV_S1_RBD; 1.
DR Pfam; PF19209; CoV_S1_C; 1.
DR Pfam; PF01601; CoV_S2; 1.
DR SUPFAM; SSF111474; SSF111474; 2.
DR SUPFAM; SSF143587; SSF143587; 1.
DR PROSITE; PS51921; BCOV_S1_CTD; 1.
DR PROSITE; PS51922; BCOV_S1_NTD; 1.
DR PROSITE; PS51923; COV_S2_HR1; 1.
PE 1: Evidence at protein level;
KW Coiled coil; Disulfide bond;
KW Fusion of virus membrane with host endosomal membrane;
KW Fusion of virus membrane with host membrane; Glycoprotein;
KW Host cell membrane; Host membrane; Host-virus interaction; Lipoprotein;
KW Membrane; Palmitate; Signal; Transmembrane; Transmembrane helix;
KW Viral attachment to host cell; Viral envelope protein;
KW Viral penetration into host cytoplasm; Virion; Virulence;
KW Virus entry into host cell.
FT SIGNAL 1..13
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04099"
FT CHAIN 14..1363
FT /note="Spike glycoprotein"
FT /id="PRO_0000037187"
FT CHAIN 14..768
FT /note="Spike protein S1"
FT /id="PRO_0000037188"
FT CHAIN 769..1363
FT /note="Spike protein S2"
FT /id="PRO_0000037189"
FT CHAIN 914..1363
FT /note="Spike protein S2'"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04099"
FT /id="PRO_0000444070"
FT TOPO_DOM 14..1307
FT /note="Extracellular"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04099"
FT TRANSMEM 1308..1328
FT /note="Helical"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04099"
FT TOPO_DOM 1329..1363
FT /note="Cytoplasmic"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04099"
FT DOMAIN 15..298
FT /note="BetaCoV S1-NTD"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255|PROSITE-ProRule:PRU01270"
FT DOMAIN 329..617
FT /note="BetaCoV S1-CTD"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255|PROSITE-ProRule:PRU01269"
FT REGION 914..935
FT /note="Fusion peptide 1"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04099"
FT REGION 933..953
FT /note="Fusion peptide 2"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04099"
FT REGION 1014..1064
FT /note="Heptad repeat 1"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04099"
FT REGION 1258..1296
FT /note="Heptad repeat 2"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04099"
FT COILED 1043..1087
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04099"
FT COILED 1269..1297
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04099"
FT MOTIF 1359..1363
FT /note="KxHxx"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04099"
FT SITE 768..769
FT /note="Cleavage; by host"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000250"
FT SITE 913..914
FT /note="Cleavage"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04099"
FT CARBOHYD 59
FT /note="N-linked (GlcNAc...) asparagine; by host"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04099"
FT CARBOHYD 133
FT /note="N-linked (GlcNAc...) asparagine; by host"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04099"
FT CARBOHYD 198
FT /note="N-linked (GlcNAc...) asparagine; by host"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04099"
FT CARBOHYD 359
FT /note="N-linked (GlcNAc...) asparagine; by host"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04099"
FT CARBOHYD 437
FT /note="N-linked (GlcNAc...) asparagine; by host"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04099"
FT CARBOHYD 676
FT /note="N-linked (GlcNAc...) asparagine; by host"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04099"
FT CARBOHYD 696
FT /note="N-linked (GlcNAc...) asparagine; by host"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04099"
FT CARBOHYD 714
FT /note="N-linked (GlcNAc...) asparagine; by host"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04099"
FT CARBOHYD 739
FT /note="N-linked (GlcNAc...) asparagine; by host"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04099"
FT CARBOHYD 788
FT /note="N-linked (GlcNAc...) asparagine; by host"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04099"
FT CARBOHYD 937
FT /note="N-linked (GlcNAc...) asparagine; by host"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04099"
FT CARBOHYD 1194
FT /note="N-linked (GlcNAc...) asparagine; by host"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04099"
FT CARBOHYD 1224
FT /note="N-linked (GlcNAc...) asparagine; by host"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04099"
FT CARBOHYD 1234
FT /note="N-linked (GlcNAc...) asparagine; by host"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04099"
FT CARBOHYD 1253
FT /note="N-linked (GlcNAc...) asparagine; by host"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04099"
FT CARBOHYD 1267
FT /note="N-linked (GlcNAc...) asparagine; by host"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04099"
FT CARBOHYD 1288
FT /note="N-linked (GlcNAc...) asparagine; by host"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04099"
FT DISULFID 21..165
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255|PROSITE-ProRule:PRU01270"
FT DISULFID 160..193
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255|PROSITE-ProRule:PRU01270"
FT DISULFID 172..252
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255|PROSITE-ProRule:PRU01270"
FT DISULFID 286..296
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255|PROSITE-ProRule:PRU01270"
FT DISULFID 331..356
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255|PROSITE-ProRule:PRU01269"
FT DISULFID 374..427
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255|PROSITE-ProRule:PRU01269"
FT DISULFID 386..615
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255|PROSITE-ProRule:PRU01269"
FT DISULFID 938..949
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04099"
SQ SEQUENCE 1363 AA; 150806 MW; 5D27D1A58FBFC951 CRC64;
MFLILLISLP MAFAVIGDLK CTTVSINDVD TGAPSISTDI VDVTNGLGTY YVLDRVYLNT
TLLLNGYYPT SGSTYRNMAL KGTLLLSRLW FKPPFLSDFI NGIFAKVKNT KVIKKGVMYS
EFPAITIGST FVNTSYSVVV QPHTTNLDNK LQGLLEISVC QYTMCEYPHT ICHPNLGNKR
VELWHWDTGV VSCLYKRNFT YDVNADYLYF HFYQEGGTFY AYFTDTGVVT KFLFNVYLGT
VLSHYYVLPL TCNSAMTLEY WVTPLTSKQY LLAFNQDGVI FNAVDCKSDF MSEIKCKTLS
IAPSTGVYEL NGYTVQPIAD VYRRIPNLPD CNIEAWLNDK SVPSPLNWER KTFSNCNFNM
SCLMSFIQAD SFTCNNIDAA KIYGMCFSSI TIDKFAIPNG RKVDLQLGNL GYLQSFNYRI
DTTATSCQLY YNLPAANVSV SRFNPSTWNR RFGFTEQSVF KPQPVGVFTH HDVVYAQHCF
KAPTNFCPCK LDGSLCVGNG PGIDAGYKNS GIGTCPAGTN YLTCHNAAQC DCLCTPDPIT
SKSTGPYKCP QTKYLVGIGE HCSGLAIKSD YCGGNPCTCQ PQAFLGWSVD SCLQGDRCNI
FANFILHDVN SGTTCSTDLQ KSNTDIILGV CVNYDLYGIT GQGIFVEVNA PYYNSWQNLL
YDSNGNLYGF RDYLTNRTFM IRSCYSGRVS AAFHANSSEP ALLFRNIKCN YVFNNTLSRQ
LQPINYFDSY LGCVVNADNS TSSVVQTCDL TVGSGYCVDY STKRRSRRAI TTGYRFTNFE
PFTVNSVNDS LEPVGGLYEI QIPSEFTIGN MEEFIQTSSP KVTIDCSAFV CGDYAACKSQ
LVEYGSFCDN INAILTEVNE LLDTTQLQVA NSLMNGVTLS TKLKDGVNFN VDDINFSPVL
GCLGSDCNKV SSRSAIEDLL FSKVKLSDVG FVEAYNNCTG GAEIRDLICV QSYNGIKVLP
PLLSVNQISG YTLAATSASL FPPWSAAAGV PFYLNVQYRI NGIGVTMDVL SQNQKLIANA
FNNALDAIQE GFDATNSALV KIQAVVNANA EALNNLLQQL SNRFGAISSS LQEILSRLDA
LEAQAQIDRL INGRLTALNA YVSQQLSDST LVKFSAAQAM EKVNECVKSQ SSRINFCGNG
NHIISLVQNA PYGLYFIHFS YVPTKYVTAK VSPGLCIAGD RGIAPKSGYF VNVNNTWMFT
GSGYYYPEPI TGNNVVVMST CAANYTKAPD VMLNISTPNL HDFKEELDQW FKNQTSVAPD
LSLDYINVTF LDLQDEMNRL QEAIKVLNQS YINLKDIGTY EYYVKWPWYV WLLIGFAGVA
MLVLLFFICC CTGCGTSCFK ICGGCCDDYT GHQELVIKTS HDD
