STAR_RAT
ID STAR_RAT Reviewed; 284 AA.
AC P97826; P97628;
DT 01-NOV-1997, integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot.
DT 01-MAY-1997, sequence version 1.
DT 03-AUG-2022, entry version 140.
DE RecName: Full=Steroidogenic acute regulatory protein, mitochondrial;
DE Short=StAR;
DE AltName: Full=START domain-containing protein 1;
DE Short=StARD1;
DE Flags: Precursor;
GN Name=Star;
OS Rattus norvegicus (Rat).
OC Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia;
OC Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Glires; Rodentia; Myomorpha; Muroidea; Muridae;
OC Murinae; Rattus.
OX NCBI_TaxID=10116;
RN [1]
RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA].
RC STRAIN=Wistar; TISSUE=Ovary;
RX PubMed=9328229; DOI=10.1016/s0024-3205(97)00709-1;
RA Mizutani T., Sonoda Y., Minegishi T., Wakabayashi K., Miyamoto K.;
RT "Molecular cloning, characterization and cellular distribution of rat
RT steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR) in the ovary.";
RL Life Sci. 61:1497-1506(1997).
RN [2]
RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA].
RC STRAIN=Sprague-Dawley; TISSUE=Testis;
RX PubMed=9015355; DOI=10.1006/bbrc.1996.6001;
RA Lee H.K., Ahn R.S., Kwon H.B., Soh J.;
RT "Nucleotide sequence of rat steroidogenic acute regulatory protein
RT complementary DNA.";
RL Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 230:528-532(1997).
RN [3]
RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA].
RC STRAIN=Sprague-Dawley; TISSUE=Adrenal gland;
RX PubMed=9516465; DOI=10.1074/jbc.273.13.7610;
RA Ariyoshi N., Kim Y.-C., Artemenko I., Bhattacharyya K.K., Jefcoate C.R.;
RT "Characterization of the rat Star gene that encodes the predominant 3.5-
RT kilobase pair mRNA. ACTH stimulation of adrenal steroids in vivo precedes
RT elevation of Star mRNA and protein.";
RL J. Biol. Chem. 273:7610-7619(1998).
RN [4]
RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA].
RC STRAIN=Sprague-Dawley; TISSUE=Adrenal gland;
RX PubMed=9832120; DOI=10.1046/j.1471-4159.1998.71062231.x;
RA Furukawa A., Miyatake A., Ohnishi T., Ichikawa Y.;
RT "Steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR) transcripts constitutively
RT expressed in the adult rat central nervous system: colocalization of StAR,
RT cytochrome P-450scc (CYPXIA1), and 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in
RT the rat brain.";
RL J. Neurochem. 71:2231-2238(1998).
RN [5]
RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA].
RC TISSUE=Ovary;
RX PubMed=15489334; DOI=10.1101/gr.2596504;
RG The MGC Project Team;
RT "The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project:
RT the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).";
RL Genome Res. 14:2121-2127(2004).
RN [6]
RP PHOSPHORYLATION.
RX PubMed=7626524; DOI=10.1016/0960-0760(95)00026-v;
RA Hartigan J.A., Green E.G., Mortensen R.M., Menachery A., Williams G.H.,
RA Orme-Johnson N.R.;
RT "Comparison of protein phosphorylation patterns produced in adrenal cells
RT by activation of cAMP-dependent protein kinase and Ca-dependent protein
RT kinase.";
RL J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol. 53:95-101(1995).
CC -!- FUNCTION: Plays a key role in steroid hormone synthesis by enhancing
CC the metabolism of cholesterol into pregnenolone. Mediates the transfer
CC of cholesterol from the outer mitochondrial membrane to the inner
CC mitochondrial membrane where it is cleaved to pregnenolone (By
CC similarity). {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P49675}.
CC -!- CATALYTIC ACTIVITY:
CC Reaction=cholesterol(in) = cholesterol(out); Xref=Rhea:RHEA:39747,
CC ChEBI:CHEBI:16113; Evidence={ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P49675};
CC -!- PATHWAY: Steroid metabolism; cholesterol metabolism.
CC {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P49675}.
CC -!- SUBUNIT: May interact with TSPO. {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P79245}.
CC -!- SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Mitochondrion {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P51557}.
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DR EMBL; AB001349; BAA19245.1; -; mRNA.
DR EMBL; U76419; AAB41674.1; -; mRNA.
DR EMBL; AF044081; AAC02528.1; -; mRNA.
DR EMBL; AB006007; BAA34737.1; -; mRNA.
DR EMBL; BC088859; AAH88859.1; -; mRNA.
DR RefSeq; NP_113746.1; NM_031558.3.
DR AlphaFoldDB; P97826; -.
DR SMR; P97826; -.
DR BioGRID; 247588; 1.
DR STRING; 10116.ENSRNOP00000020606; -.
DR iPTMnet; P97826; -.
DR PhosphoSitePlus; P97826; -.
DR PaxDb; P97826; -.
DR Ensembl; ENSRNOT00000020606; ENSRNOP00000020606; ENSRNOG00000015052.
DR GeneID; 25557; -.
DR KEGG; rno:25557; -.
DR UCSC; RGD:3770; rat.
DR CTD; 6770; -.
DR RGD; 3770; Star.
DR eggNOG; KOG3845; Eukaryota.
DR GeneTree; ENSGT00940000155477; -.
DR HOGENOM; CLU_093200_1_0_1; -.
DR InParanoid; P97826; -.
DR OMA; KMPEQKG; -.
DR OrthoDB; 1437203at2759; -.
DR PhylomeDB; P97826; -.
DR TreeFam; TF313869; -.
DR Reactome; R-RNO-196108; Pregnenolone biosynthesis.
DR UniPathway; UPA00296; -.
DR PRO; PR:P97826; -.
DR Proteomes; UP000002494; Chromosome 16.
DR Bgee; ENSRNOG00000015052; Expressed in ovary and 19 other tissues.
DR Genevisible; P97826; RN.
DR GO; GO:0005829; C:cytosol; IDA:RGD.
DR GO; GO:0030061; C:mitochondrial crista; IDA:RGD.
DR GO; GO:0005758; C:mitochondrial intermembrane space; IDA:RGD.
DR GO; GO:0005739; C:mitochondrion; ISO:RGD.
DR GO; GO:0043005; C:neuron projection; IDA:RGD.
DR GO; GO:0043025; C:neuronal cell body; IDA:RGD.
DR GO; GO:0015485; F:cholesterol binding; ISO:RGD.
DR GO; GO:0120020; F:cholesterol transfer activity; TAS:RGD.
DR GO; GO:0006699; P:bile acid biosynthetic process; IDA:RGD.
DR GO; GO:0018879; P:biphenyl metabolic process; IEP:RGD.
DR GO; GO:0007420; P:brain development; IEP:RGD.
DR GO; GO:0044255; P:cellular lipid metabolic process; ISO:RGD.
DR GO; GO:0071312; P:cellular response to alkaloid; IEP:RGD.
DR GO; GO:0071236; P:cellular response to antibiotic; IEP:RGD.
DR GO; GO:0071276; P:cellular response to cadmium ion; IEP:RGD.
DR GO; GO:0071320; P:cellular response to cAMP; IEP:RGD.
DR GO; GO:0071549; P:cellular response to dexamethasone stimulus; IEP:RGD.
DR GO; GO:0071872; P:cellular response to epinephrine stimulus; IEP:RGD.
DR GO; GO:0044344; P:cellular response to fibroblast growth factor stimulus; IEP:RGD.
DR GO; GO:0071372; P:cellular response to follicle-stimulating hormone stimulus; IEP:RGD.
DR GO; GO:0071333; P:cellular response to glucose stimulus; IEP:RGD.
DR GO; GO:0071371; P:cellular response to gonadotropin stimulus; IEP:RGD.
DR GO; GO:0071378; P:cellular response to growth hormone stimulus; IEP:RGD.
DR GO; GO:0032869; P:cellular response to insulin stimulus; IEP:RGD.
DR GO; GO:0035457; P:cellular response to interferon-alpha; IMP:RGD.
DR GO; GO:0071346; P:cellular response to interferon-gamma; IEP:RGD.
DR GO; GO:0071222; P:cellular response to lipopolysaccharide; IEP:RGD.
DR GO; GO:0071373; P:cellular response to luteinizing hormone stimulus; IEP:RGD.
DR GO; GO:0071248; P:cellular response to metal ion; IEP:RGD.
DR GO; GO:0071407; P:cellular response to organic cyclic compound; IEP:RGD.
DR GO; GO:0071560; P:cellular response to transforming growth factor beta stimulus; IEP:RGD.
DR GO; GO:0008203; P:cholesterol metabolic process; IEA:UniProtKB-UniPathway.
DR GO; GO:0007623; P:circadian rhythm; IEP:RGD.
DR GO; GO:0042747; P:circadian sleep/wake cycle, REM sleep; IEP:RGD.
DR GO; GO:0018894; P:dibenzo-p-dioxin metabolic process; IEP:RGD.
DR GO; GO:0016101; P:diterpenoid metabolic process; IEP:RGD.
DR GO; GO:0006703; P:estrogen biosynthetic process; IMP:RGD.
DR GO; GO:0008211; P:glucocorticoid metabolic process; ISO:RGD.
DR GO; GO:0017143; P:insecticide metabolic process; IEP:RGD.
DR GO; GO:0032367; P:intracellular cholesterol transport; IEP:RGD.
DR GO; GO:0008584; P:male gonad development; IEP:RGD.
DR GO; GO:0043524; P:negative regulation of neuron apoptotic process; IMP:RGD.
DR GO; GO:0006082; P:organic acid metabolic process; IEP:RGD.
DR GO; GO:0018958; P:phenol-containing compound metabolic process; IEP:RGD.
DR GO; GO:0018963; P:phthalate metabolic process; IEP:RGD.
DR GO; GO:0070859; P:positive regulation of bile acid biosynthetic process; ISO:RGD.
DR GO; GO:0010628; P:positive regulation of gene expression; IMP:RGD.
DR GO; GO:0050769; P:positive regulation of neurogenesis; IMP:RGD.
DR GO; GO:0048168; P:regulation of neuronal synaptic plasticity; IMP:RGD.
DR GO; GO:0050810; P:regulation of steroid biosynthetic process; ISO:RGD.
DR GO; GO:0014823; P:response to activity; IEP:RGD.
DR GO; GO:0046677; P:response to antibiotic; IEP:RGD.
DR GO; GO:0051412; P:response to corticosterone; IEP:RGD.
DR GO; GO:0043627; P:response to estrogen; IEP:RGD.
DR GO; GO:0045471; P:response to ethanol; IEP:RGD.
DR GO; GO:0060992; P:response to fungicide; IEP:RGD.
DR GO; GO:0034698; P:response to gonadotropin; IEP:RGD.
DR GO; GO:0009635; P:response to herbicide; IEP:RGD.
DR GO; GO:0042542; P:response to hydrogen peroxide; IEP:RGD.
DR GO; GO:0017085; P:response to insecticide; IEP:RGD.
DR GO; GO:0010212; P:response to ionizing radiation; IEP:RGD.
DR GO; GO:0010288; P:response to lead ion; IEP:RGD.
DR GO; GO:0044321; P:response to leptin; IEP:RGD.
DR GO; GO:0035094; P:response to nicotine; IEP:RGD.
DR GO; GO:0007584; P:response to nutrient; IEP:RGD.
DR GO; GO:0031667; P:response to nutrient levels; IEP:RGD.
DR GO; GO:0014070; P:response to organic cyclic compound; IEP:RGD.
DR GO; GO:0010033; P:response to organic substance; IEP:RGD.
DR GO; GO:0043434; P:response to peptide hormone; IEP:RGD.
DR GO; GO:0048545; P:response to steroid hormone; IEP:RGD.
DR GO; GO:0009636; P:response to toxic substance; IEP:RGD.
DR GO; GO:0009410; P:response to xenobiotic stimulus; IEP:RGD.
DR GO; GO:0006694; P:steroid biosynthetic process; IBA:GO_Central.
DR GO; GO:0061370; P:testosterone biosynthetic process; IEP:RGD.
DR CDD; cd08905; START_STARD1-like; 1.
DR Gene3D; 3.30.530.20; -; 1.
DR InterPro; IPR029866; StAR.
DR InterPro; IPR000799; StAR-like.
DR InterPro; IPR023393; START-like_dom_sf.
DR InterPro; IPR002913; START_lipid-bd_dom.
DR PANTHER; PTHR46489; PTHR46489; 1.
DR Pfam; PF01852; START; 1.
DR PRINTS; PR00978; STARPROTEIN.
DR SMART; SM00234; START; 1.
DR PROSITE; PS50848; START; 1.
PE 1: Evidence at protein level;
KW Lipid transport; Lipid-binding; Mitochondrion; Phosphoprotein;
KW Reference proteome; Steroidogenesis; Transit peptide; Transport.
FT TRANSIT 1..62
FT /note="Mitochondrion"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000250"
FT CHAIN 63..284
FT /note="Steroidogenic acute regulatory protein,
FT mitochondrial"
FT /id="PRO_0000033320"
FT DOMAIN 66..279
FT /note="START"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255|PROSITE-ProRule:PRU00197"
FT MOD_RES 56
FT /note="Phosphoserine; by PKA"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P49675"
FT MOD_RES 194
FT /note="Phosphoserine; by PKA"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P49675"
FT CONFLICT 1..7
FT /note="MLLATFK -> MIWFSTAVLIGLYVFERFPTSMIGVGLFTNLVYFGLLQTFP
FT FIMLTSPNFILSCGLVVVNHYLAFQFFAEEYYPFSEVLAYFTFC (in Ref. 2;
FT AAB41674)"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000305"
SQ SEQUENCE 284 AA; 31501 MW; 439C41B971EE8270 CRC64;
MLLATFKLCA GSSYRHMRNM KGLRHQAVLA IGQELNRRAL GDPSPGWMGQ VRRRSSLLGS
QLEATLYSDQ ELSYIQQGEE AMQKALGILN NQEGWKKESQ QENGDEVLSK VVPGVGKVFR
LEVLLDQPMD RLYEELVDRM EAMGEWNPNV KEIKVLKKIG KDTVITHELA AAAAGNLVGP
RDFVSVRCTK RRGSTCVLAG MATHFGEMPE QSGVIRAEHG PTCMVLHPLA GSPSKTKLTW
LLSIDLKGWL PKTIINQVLS QTQIEFASHL RKRLESSPAS EAQC
