ID   STP1_BOVIN              Reviewed;          55 AA.
AC   P17305; Q3T027;
DT   01-AUG-1990, integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot.
DT   23-JAN-2007, sequence version 2.
DT   03-AUG-2022, entry version 116.
DE   RecName: Full=Spermatid nuclear transition protein 1;
DE            Short=STP-1;
DE            Short=TP-1;
GN   Name=TNP1;
OS   Bos taurus (Bovine).
OC   Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia;
OC   Eutheria; Laurasiatheria; Artiodactyla; Ruminantia; Pecora; Bovidae;
OC   Bovinae; Bos.
OX   NCBI_TaxID=9913;
RN   [1]
RP   NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA].
RC   TISSUE=Testis;
RX   PubMed=2777004; DOI=10.1111/j.1432-0436.1989.tb00597.x;
RA   Kremling H., Luerssen H., Abham I.M., Klemm U., Tsaousidou S., Engel W.;
RT   "Nucleotide sequences and expression of cDNA clones for boar and bull
RT   transition protein 1 and its evolutionary conservation in mammals.";
RL   Differentiation 40:184-190(1989).
RN   [2]
RP   NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA].
RX   PubMed=1457814; DOI=10.3109/10425179209034007;
RA   Kim Y., Kremling H., Tessmann D., Engel W.;
RT   "Nucleotide sequence and exon-intron structure of the bovine transition
RT   protein 1 gene.";
RL   DNA Seq. 3:123-125(1992).
RN   [3]
RP   NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA].
RC   STRAIN=Crossbred X Angus; TISSUE=Liver;
RG   NIH - Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC) project;
RL   Submitted (AUG-2005) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases.
CC   -!- FUNCTION: Plays a key role in the replacement of histones to protamine
CC       in the elongating spermatids of mammals. In condensing spermatids,
CC       loaded onto the nucleosomes, where it promotes the recruitment and
CC       processing of protamines, which are responsible for histone eviction.
CC       {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P10856}.
CC   -!- SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P10856}.
CC       Chromosome {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P10856}. Note=Loaded onto the
CC       nucleosomes of condensing spermatids. {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P10856}.
CC   -!- TISSUE SPECIFICITY: Testis.
CC   -!- SIMILARITY: Belongs to the nuclear transition protein 1 family.
CC       {ECO:0000305}.
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DR   EMBL; X16171; CAA34293.1; -; mRNA.
DR   EMBL; X65041; CAA46175.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR   EMBL; BC102598; AAI02599.1; -; mRNA.
DR   PIR; A56647; BGBO.
DR   RefSeq; NP_776624.1; NM_174199.2.
DR   AlphaFoldDB; P17305; -.
DR   STRING; 9913.ENSBTAP00000025292; -.
DR   PaxDb; P17305; -.
DR   Ensembl; ENSBTAT00000025292; ENSBTAP00000025292; ENSBTAG00000019003.
DR   GeneID; 281537; -.
DR   KEGG; bta:281537; -.
DR   CTD; 7141; -.
DR   VEuPathDB; HostDB:ENSBTAG00000019003; -.
DR   VGNC; VGNC:36197; TNP1.
DR   eggNOG; ENOG502TKT1; Eukaryota.
DR   GeneTree; ENSGT00390000000539; -.
DR   HOGENOM; CLU_3019482_0_0_1; -.
DR   InParanoid; P17305; -.
DR   OMA; FKSHGMR; -.
DR   TreeFam; TF338391; -.
DR   Proteomes; UP000009136; Chromosome 2.
DR   Bgee; ENSBTAG00000019003; Expressed in semen and 21 other tissues.
DR   ExpressionAtlas; P17305; baseline.
DR   GO; GO:0001673; C:male germ cell nucleus; IBA:GO_Central.
DR   GO; GO:0000786; C:nucleosome; ISS:UniProtKB.
DR   GO; GO:0005634; C:nucleus; ISS:UniProtKB.
DR   GO; GO:0003677; F:DNA binding; ISS:UniProtKB.
DR   GO; GO:0006338; P:chromatin remodeling; ISS:UniProtKB.
DR   GO; GO:0030317; P:flagellated sperm motility; ISS:UniProtKB.
DR   GO; GO:0031507; P:heterochromatin assembly; ISS:UniProtKB.
DR   GO; GO:0045892; P:negative regulation of transcription, DNA-templated; ISS:UniProtKB.
DR   GO; GO:0006337; P:nucleosome disassembly; ISS:UniProtKB.
DR   GO; GO:0010954; P:positive regulation of protein processing; ISS:UniProtKB.
DR   GO; GO:0019953; P:sexual reproduction; ISS:UniProtKB.
DR   GO; GO:0000012; P:single strand break repair; ISS:UniProtKB.
DR   GO; GO:0007286; P:spermatid development; ISS:UniProtKB.
DR   GO; GO:0007290; P:spermatid nucleus elongation; ISS:UniProtKB.
DR   GO; GO:0035093; P:spermatogenesis, exchange of chromosomal proteins; ISS:UniProtKB.
DR   InterPro; IPR001319; Nuclear_transition_prot1.
DR   InterPro; IPR020062; Nuclear_transition_prot1_CS.
DR   PANTHER; PTHR17486; PTHR17486; 1.
DR   Pfam; PF02079; TP1; 1.
DR   PROSITE; PS00541; TP1; 1.
PE   2: Evidence at transcript level;
KW   Chromosome; Developmental protein; Differentiation; DNA-binding;
KW   Nucleosome core; Nucleus; Phosphoprotein; Reference proteome;
KW   Spermatogenesis.
FT   CHAIN           1..55
FT                   /note="Spermatid nuclear transition protein 1"
FT                   /id="PRO_0000191416"
FT   REGION          1..55
FT                   /note="Disordered"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000256|SAM:MobiDB-lite"
FT   COMPBIAS        9..38
FT                   /note="Basic residues"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000256|SAM:MobiDB-lite"
FT   COMPBIAS        39..55
FT                   /note="Basic and acidic residues"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000256|SAM:MobiDB-lite"
FT   MOD_RES         9
FT                   /note="Phosphoserine"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P22613"
FT   MOD_RES         36
FT                   /note="Phosphoserine"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P22613"
FT   MOD_RES         37
FT                   /note="Phosphoserine"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P22613"
FT   MOD_RES         40
FT                   /note="Phosphoserine"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P22613"
SQ   SEQUENCE   55 AA;  6456 MW;  7284082AD9133D79 CRC64;
     MSTSRKLKSQ GMRRGKNRTP HKGVKRSGSK RKYRKSSLKS RKRCDDANRN LRSHL