STP1_MOUSE
ID STP1_MOUSE Reviewed; 55 AA.
AC P10856;
DT 01-JUL-1989, integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot.
DT 23-JAN-2007, sequence version 2.
DT 03-AUG-2022, entry version 143.
DE RecName: Full=Spermatid nuclear transition protein 1;
DE Short=STP-1;
DE Short=TP-1;
GN Name=Tnp1 {ECO:0000312|MGI:MGI:98784};
OS Mus musculus (Mouse).
OC Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia;
OC Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Glires; Rodentia; Myomorpha; Muroidea; Muridae;
OC Murinae; Mus; Mus.
OX NCBI_TaxID=10090;
RN [1]
RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA], AND TISSUE SPECIFICITY.
RC TISSUE=Testis;
RX PubMed=3382664; DOI=10.1016/0167-4781(88)90013-9;
RA Kleene K.C., Borzorgzadeh A., Flynn J.F., Yelick P.C., Hecht N.B.;
RT "Nucleotide sequence of a cDNA clone encoding mouse transition protein 1.";
RL Biochim. Biophys. Acta 950:215-220(1988).
RN [2]
RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA].
RX PubMed=1685480; DOI=10.1016/0888-7543(91)90076-q;
RA Yelick P.C., Kozak C., Kwon Y.K., Seldin M.F., Hecht N.B.;
RT "The mouse transition protein 1 gene contains a B1 repetitive element and
RT is located on chromosome 1.";
RL Genomics 11:687-694(1991).
RN [3]
RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA].
RC TISSUE=Testis;
RX PubMed=15489334; DOI=10.1101/gr.2596504;
RG The MGC Project Team;
RT "The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project:
RT the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).";
RL Genome Res. 14:2121-2127(2004).
RN [4]
RP FUNCTION, AND DISRUPTION PHENOTYPE.
RX PubMed=10781074; DOI=10.1073/pnas.97.9.4683;
RA Yu Y.E., Zhang Y., Unni E., Shirley C.R., Deng J.M., Russell L.D.,
RA Weil M.M., Behringer R.R., Meistrich M.L.;
RT "Abnormal spermatogenesis and reduced fertility in transition nuclear
RT protein 1-deficient mice.";
RL Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 97:4683-4688(2000).
RN [5]
RP FUNCTION, SUBCELLULAR LOCATION, DISRUPTION PHENOTYPE, AND DEVELOPMENTAL
RP STAGE.
RX PubMed=15163613; DOI=10.1095/biolreprod.104.028191;
RA Zhao M., Shirley C.R., Mounsey S., Meistrich M.L.;
RT "Nucleoprotein transitions during spermiogenesis in mice with transition
RT nuclear protein Tnp1 and Tnp2 mutations.";
RL Biol. Reprod. 71:1016-1025(2004).
RN [6]
RP FUNCTION, AND DISRUPTION PHENOTYPE.
RX PubMed=15189834; DOI=10.1095/biolreprod.104.029363;
RA Shirley C.R., Hayashi S., Mounsey S., Yanagimachi R., Meistrich M.L.;
RT "Abnormalities and reduced reproductive potential of sperm from Tnp1- and
RT Tnp2-null double mutant mice.";
RL Biol. Reprod. 71:1220-1229(2004).
RN [7]
RP FUNCTION, AND DISRUPTION PHENOTYPE.
RX PubMed=15083521; DOI=10.1002/gene.20019;
RA Zhao M., Shirley C.R., Hayashi S., Marcon L., Mohapatra B., Suganuma R.,
RA Behringer R.R., Boissonneault G., Yanagimachi R., Meistrich M.L.;
RT "Transition nuclear proteins are required for normal chromatin condensation
RT and functional sperm development.";
RL Genesis 38:200-213(2004).
RN [8]
RP FUNCTION, AND SUBCELLULAR LOCATION.
RX PubMed=28366643; DOI=10.1016/j.molcel.2017.02.025;
RA Barral S., Morozumi Y., Tanaka H., Montellier E., Govin J.,
RA de Dieuleveult M., Charbonnier G., Coute Y., Puthier D., Buchou T.,
RA Boussouar F., Urahama T., Fenaille F., Curtet S., Hery P.,
RA Fernandez-Nunez N., Shiota H., Gerard M., Rousseaux S., Kurumizaka H.,
RA Khochbin S.;
RT "Histone variant H2A.L.2 guides transition protein-dependent protamine
RT assembly in male germ cells.";
RL Mol. Cell 66:89-101(2017).
CC -!- FUNCTION: Plays a key role in the replacement of histones to protamine
CC in the elongating spermatids of mammals (PubMed:10781074,
CC PubMed:15163613, PubMed:15189834, PubMed:15083521, PubMed:28366643). In
CC condensing spermatids, loaded onto the nucleosomes, where it promotes
CC the recruitment and processing of protamines, which are responsible for
CC histone eviction (PubMed:28366643). The histone H2AB1-H2BC1/TH2B dimer
CC is required for loading of TNP1 onto chromatin (PubMed:28366643).
CC {ECO:0000269|PubMed:10781074, ECO:0000269|PubMed:15083521,
CC ECO:0000269|PubMed:15163613, ECO:0000269|PubMed:15189834,
CC ECO:0000269|PubMed:28366643}.
CC -!- SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus {ECO:0000269|PubMed:15163613}. Chromosome
CC {ECO:0000269|PubMed:28366643}. Note=Loaded onto the nucleosomes of
CC condensing spermatids (PubMed:28366643). Inclusion of the H2AB1-
CC H2BC1/TH2B dimer into chromatin opens the nucleosomes, releasing the
CC nucleosomal DNA ends and allowing the invasion of nucleosomes by
CC transition protein TNP1 (PubMed:28366643).
CC {ECO:0000269|PubMed:28366643}.
CC -!- TISSUE SPECIFICITY: Testis-specific. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:3382664}.
CC -!- DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE: Appears in elongating/condensing spermatids when
CC histones are still detectable (PubMed:15163613). Coexpressed with H2ab1
CC during late spermiogenesis (PubMed:28366643).
CC {ECO:0000269|PubMed:15163613, ECO:0000269|PubMed:28366643}.
CC -!- DISRUPTION PHENOTYPE: Reduced fertility in males (PubMed:10781074).
CC Testis weights and sperm production are normal but sperm motility is
CC severely reduced (PubMed:10781074). A significant proportion of Prm2
CC remains unprocessed (PubMed:10781074, PubMed:15163613, PubMed:15189834,
CC PubMed:15083521). Male mice lacking both Tnp1 and Tnp2 are completely
CC infertile, but protamine alone are capable of histone eviction
CC (PubMed:15163613, PubMed:15189834, PubMed:15083521). Chromatin in
CC mature spermatozoa shows defects in density (PubMed:15189834,
CC PubMed:15083521). {ECO:0000269|PubMed:10781074,
CC ECO:0000269|PubMed:15083521, ECO:0000269|PubMed:15163613,
CC ECO:0000269|PubMed:15189834}.
CC -!- SIMILARITY: Belongs to the nuclear transition protein 1 family.
CC {ECO:0000305}.
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DR EMBL; X12521; CAA31039.1; -; mRNA.
DR EMBL; S80846; AAB21244.2; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR EMBL; BC048494; AAH48494.1; -; mRNA.
DR EMBL; BC061170; AAH61170.1; -; mRNA.
DR CCDS; CCDS35611.1; -.
DR PIR; A40561; BGMS.
DR RefSeq; NP_033433.1; NM_009407.2.
DR AlphaFoldDB; P10856; -.
DR STRING; 10090.ENSMUSP00000027374; -.
DR iPTMnet; P10856; -.
DR PhosphoSitePlus; P10856; -.
DR PaxDb; P10856; -.
DR PRIDE; P10856; -.
DR Antibodypedia; 34246; 120 antibodies from 23 providers.
DR DNASU; 21958; -.
DR Ensembl; ENSMUST00000027374; ENSMUSP00000027374; ENSMUSG00000026182.
DR GeneID; 21958; -.
DR KEGG; mmu:21958; -.
DR UCSC; uc007bkz.2; mouse.
DR CTD; 7141; -.
DR MGI; MGI:98784; Tnp1.
DR VEuPathDB; HostDB:ENSMUSG00000026182; -.
DR eggNOG; ENOG502TKT1; Eukaryota.
DR GeneTree; ENSGT00390000000539; -.
DR HOGENOM; CLU_3019482_0_0_1; -.
DR InParanoid; P10856; -.
DR OMA; FKSHGMR; -.
DR PhylomeDB; P10856; -.
DR TreeFam; TF338391; -.
DR BioGRID-ORCS; 21958; 1 hit in 70 CRISPR screens.
DR ChiTaRS; Tnp1; mouse.
DR PRO; PR:P10856; -.
DR Proteomes; UP000000589; Chromosome 1.
DR RNAct; P10856; protein.
DR Bgee; ENSMUSG00000026182; Expressed in seminiferous tubule of testis and 89 other tissues.
DR ExpressionAtlas; P10856; baseline and differential.
DR Genevisible; P10856; MM.
DR GO; GO:0001673; C:male germ cell nucleus; ISO:MGI.
DR GO; GO:0000786; C:nucleosome; IDA:UniProtKB.
DR GO; GO:0005634; C:nucleus; IDA:UniProtKB.
DR GO; GO:0003677; F:DNA binding; ISS:UniProtKB.
DR GO; GO:0006338; P:chromatin remodeling; ISS:UniProtKB.
DR GO; GO:0030317; P:flagellated sperm motility; ISS:UniProtKB.
DR GO; GO:0031507; P:heterochromatin assembly; ISS:UniProtKB.
DR GO; GO:0045892; P:negative regulation of transcription, DNA-templated; ISS:UniProtKB.
DR GO; GO:0006337; P:nucleosome disassembly; ISS:UniProtKB.
DR GO; GO:0010954; P:positive regulation of protein processing; IMP:UniProtKB.
DR GO; GO:0019953; P:sexual reproduction; ISS:UniProtKB.
DR GO; GO:0000012; P:single strand break repair; ISS:UniProtKB.
DR GO; GO:0007286; P:spermatid development; ISS:UniProtKB.
DR GO; GO:0007290; P:spermatid nucleus elongation; ISS:UniProtKB.
DR GO; GO:0007283; P:spermatogenesis; IMP:MGI.
DR GO; GO:0035093; P:spermatogenesis, exchange of chromosomal proteins; IMP:UniProtKB.
DR InterPro; IPR001319; Nuclear_transition_prot1.
DR InterPro; IPR020062; Nuclear_transition_prot1_CS.
DR PANTHER; PTHR17486; PTHR17486; 1.
DR Pfam; PF02079; TP1; 1.
DR PROSITE; PS00541; TP1; 1.
PE 2: Evidence at transcript level;
KW Chromosome; Developmental protein; Differentiation; DNA-binding;
KW Nucleosome core; Nucleus; Phosphoprotein; Reference proteome;
KW Spermatogenesis.
FT CHAIN 1..55
FT /note="Spermatid nuclear transition protein 1"
FT /id="PRO_0000191418"
FT REGION 1..55
FT /note="Disordered"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000256|SAM:MobiDB-lite"
FT COMPBIAS 1..38
FT /note="Basic residues"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000256|SAM:MobiDB-lite"
FT COMPBIAS 39..55
FT /note="Basic and acidic residues"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000256|SAM:MobiDB-lite"
FT MOD_RES 36
FT /note="Phosphoserine"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P22613"
FT MOD_RES 40
FT /note="Phosphoserine"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P22613"
SQ SEQUENCE 55 AA; 6407 MW; C3715E99698A7B92 CRC64;
MSTSRKLKTH GMRRGKNRAP HKGVKRGGSK RKYRKSVLKS RKRGDDASRN YRSHL
