BKT_CHLRE
ID BKT_CHLRE Reviewed; 444 AA.
AC Q4VKB4;
DT 07-APR-2021, integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot.
DT 05-JUL-2005, sequence version 1.
DT 03-AUG-2022, entry version 78.
DE RecName: Full=Zeaxanthin 4-ketolase {ECO:0000303|PubMed:21398427};
DE EC=1.14.99.64 {ECO:0000269|PubMed:21398427, ECO:0000269|PubMed:22526507};
DE AltName: Full=Beta-carotene 4-ketolase {ECO:0000303|PubMed:15849308};
DE Short=CrBKT {ECO:0000303|PubMed:21398427};
DE EC=1.14.99.63 {ECO:0000269|PubMed:21398427, ECO:0000269|PubMed:22526507};
GN Name=BKT {ECO:0000303|PubMed:15849308};
GN Synonyms=CBK1 {ECO:0000312|EMBL:EDO99381.1};
GN ORFNames=CHLREDRAFT_185186 {ECO:0000312|EMBL:EDO99381.1};
OS Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (Chlamydomonas smithii).
OC Eukaryota; Viridiplantae; Chlorophyta; core chlorophytes; Chlorophyceae;
OC CS clade; Chlamydomonadales; Chlamydomonadaceae; Chlamydomonas.
OX NCBI_TaxID=3055;
RN [1]
RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA].
RC STRAIN=21gr / CC-1690;
RX PubMed=15849308; DOI=10.1104/pp.104.056069;
RA Lohr M., Im C.-S., Grossman A.R.;
RT "Genome-based examination of chlorophyll and carotenoid biosynthesis in
RT Chlamydomonas reinhardtii.";
RL Plant Physiol. 138:490-515(2005).
RN [2]
RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA].
RC STRAIN=CC-503;
RX PubMed=17932292; DOI=10.1126/science.1143609;
RA Merchant S.S., Prochnik S.E., Vallon O., Harris E.H., Karpowicz S.J.,
RA Witman G.B., Terry A., Salamov A., Fritz-Laylin L.K., Marechal-Drouard L.,
RA Marshall W.F., Qu L.H., Nelson D.R., Sanderfoot A.A., Spalding M.H.,
RA Kapitonov V.V., Ren Q., Ferris P., Lindquist E., Shapiro H., Lucas S.M.,
RA Grimwood J., Schmutz J., Cardol P., Cerutti H., Chanfreau G., Chen C.L.,
RA Cognat V., Croft M.T., Dent R., Dutcher S., Fernandez E., Fukuzawa H.,
RA Gonzalez-Ballester D., Gonzalez-Halphen D., Hallmann A., Hanikenne M.,
RA Hippler M., Inwood W., Jabbari K., Kalanon M., Kuras R., Lefebvre P.A.,
RA Lemaire S.D., Lobanov A.V., Lohr M., Manuell A., Meier I., Mets L.,
RA Mittag M., Mittelmeier T., Moroney J.V., Moseley J., Napoli C.,
RA Nedelcu A.M., Niyogi K., Novoselov S.V., Paulsen I.T., Pazour G.J.,
RA Purton S., Ral J.P., Riano-Pachon D.M., Riekhof W., Rymarquis L.,
RA Schroda M., Stern D., Umen J., Willows R., Wilson N., Zimmer S.L.,
RA Allmer J., Balk J., Bisova K., Chen C.J., Elias M., Gendler K., Hauser C.,
RA Lamb M.R., Ledford H., Long J.C., Minagawa J., Page M.D., Pan J.,
RA Pootakham W., Roje S., Rose A., Stahlberg E., Terauchi A.M., Yang P.,
RA Ball S., Bowler C., Dieckmann C.L., Gladyshev V.N., Green P., Jorgensen R.,
RA Mayfield S., Mueller-Roeber B., Rajamani S., Sayre R.T., Brokstein P.,
RA Dubchak I., Goodstein D., Hornick L., Huang Y.W., Jhaveri J., Luo Y.,
RA Martinez D., Ngau W.C., Otillar B., Poliakov A., Porter A., Szajkowski L.,
RA Werner G., Zhou K., Grigoriev I.V., Rokhsar D.S., Grossman A.R.;
RT "The Chlamydomonas genome reveals the evolution of key animal and plant
RT functions.";
RL Science 318:245-250(2007).
RN [3]
RP FUNCTION, AND CATALYTIC ACTIVITY.
RX PubMed=21398427; DOI=10.1093/jxb/err070;
RA Zhong Y.J., Huang J.C., Liu J., Li Y., Jiang Y., Xu Z.F., Sandmann G.,
RA Chen F.;
RT "Functional characterization of various algal carotenoid ketolases reveals
RT that ketolating zeaxanthin efficiently is essential for high production of
RT astaxanthin in transgenic Arabidopsis.";
RL J. Exp. Bot. 62:3659-3669(2011).
RN [4]
RP FUNCTION, AND CATALYTIC ACTIVITY.
RX PubMed=22526507; DOI=10.1007/s00425-012-1654-6;
RA Huang J., Zhong Y., Sandmann G., Liu J., Chen F.;
RT "Cloning and selection of carotenoid ketolase genes for the engineering of
RT high-yield astaxanthin in plants.";
RL Planta 236:691-699(2012).
CC -!- FUNCTION: Involved in the biosynthesis of ketocarotenoids which are
CC powerful anti-oxidative molecules (PubMed:21398427, PubMed:22526507).
CC Catalyzes the conversion of zeaxanthin to astaxanthin via adonixanthin
CC (PubMed:21398427, PubMed:22526507). Catalyzes the conversion of beta-
CC carotene to canthaxanthin via echinenone (PubMed:21398427,
CC PubMed:22526507). {ECO:0000269|PubMed:21398427,
CC ECO:0000269|PubMed:22526507}.
CC -!- CATALYTIC ACTIVITY:
CC Reaction=2 AH2 + all-trans-adonixanthin + 2 O2 = 2 A + all-trans-
CC (3S,3'S)-astaxanthin + 3 H2O; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:56772,
CC ChEBI:CHEBI:13193, ChEBI:CHEBI:15377, ChEBI:CHEBI:15379,
CC ChEBI:CHEBI:17499, ChEBI:CHEBI:40968, ChEBI:CHEBI:80217;
CC EC=1.14.99.64; Evidence={ECO:0000269|PubMed:21398427,
CC ECO:0000269|PubMed:22526507};
CC PhysiologicalDirection=left-to-right; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:56773;
CC Evidence={ECO:0000269|PubMed:21398427, ECO:0000269|PubMed:22526507};
CC -!- CATALYTIC ACTIVITY:
CC Reaction=2 AH2 + all-trans-zeaxanthin + 2 O2 = 2 A + all-trans-
CC adonixanthin + 3 H2O; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:56768, ChEBI:CHEBI:13193,
CC ChEBI:CHEBI:15377, ChEBI:CHEBI:15379, ChEBI:CHEBI:17499,
CC ChEBI:CHEBI:27547, ChEBI:CHEBI:80217; EC=1.14.99.64;
CC Evidence={ECO:0000269|PubMed:21398427, ECO:0000269|PubMed:22526507};
CC PhysiologicalDirection=left-to-right; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:56769;
CC Evidence={ECO:0000269|PubMed:21398427, ECO:0000269|PubMed:22526507};
CC -!- CATALYTIC ACTIVITY:
CC Reaction=2 AH2 + echinenone + 2 O2 = 2 A + canthaxanthin + 3 H2O;
CC Xref=Rhea:RHEA:55664, ChEBI:CHEBI:3362, ChEBI:CHEBI:4746,
CC ChEBI:CHEBI:13193, ChEBI:CHEBI:15377, ChEBI:CHEBI:15379,
CC ChEBI:CHEBI:17499; EC=1.14.99.63;
CC Evidence={ECO:0000269|PubMed:21398427, ECO:0000269|PubMed:22526507};
CC PhysiologicalDirection=left-to-right; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:55665;
CC Evidence={ECO:0000269|PubMed:21398427, ECO:0000269|PubMed:22526507};
CC -!- CATALYTIC ACTIVITY:
CC Reaction=2 AH2 + all-trans-beta-carotene + 2 O2 = 2 A + echinenone + 3
CC H2O; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:55660, ChEBI:CHEBI:4746, ChEBI:CHEBI:13193,
CC ChEBI:CHEBI:15377, ChEBI:CHEBI:15379, ChEBI:CHEBI:17499,
CC ChEBI:CHEBI:17579; EC=1.14.99.63;
CC Evidence={ECO:0000269|PubMed:21398427, ECO:0000269|PubMed:22526507};
CC PhysiologicalDirection=left-to-right; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:55661;
CC Evidence={ECO:0000269|PubMed:21398427, ECO:0000269|PubMed:22526507};
CC -!- PATHWAY: Carotenoid biosynthesis; astaxanthin biosynthesis.
CC {ECO:0000305}.
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DR EMBL; AY860820; AAX54908.1; -; mRNA.
DR EMBL; DS496147; EDO99381.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR RefSeq; XP_001698699.1; XM_001698647.1.
DR AlphaFoldDB; Q4VKB4; -.
DR PaxDb; Q4VKB4; -.
DR EnsemblPlants; PNW83930; PNW83930; CHLRE_04g215000v5.
DR GeneID; 5724273; -.
DR Gramene; PNW83930; PNW83930; CHLRE_04g215000v5.
DR KEGG; cre:CHLRE_04g215000v5; -.
DR HOGENOM; CLU_617317_0_0_1; -.
DR InParanoid; Q4VKB4; -.
DR OrthoDB; 1423104at2759; -.
DR BioCyc; MetaCyc:MON-17803; -.
DR BRENDA; 1.14.99.63; 1318.
DR BRENDA; 1.14.99.64; 1318.
DR UniPathway; UPA00387; -.
DR ExpressionAtlas; Q4VKB4; baseline.
DR GO; GO:0016705; F:oxidoreductase activity, acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen; IDA:UniProtKB.
DR GO; GO:0016117; P:carotenoid biosynthetic process; IDA:UniProtKB.
DR InterPro; IPR005804; FA_desaturase_dom.
DR InterPro; IPR012171; Fatty_acid_desaturase.
DR PANTHER; PTHR19353; PTHR19353; 1.
DR Pfam; PF00487; FA_desaturase; 2.
PE 1: Evidence at protein level;
KW Carotenoid biosynthesis; Oxidoreductase.
FT CHAIN 1..444
FT /note="Zeaxanthin 4-ketolase"
FT /id="PRO_0000452211"
FT REGION 408..444
FT /note="Disordered"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000256|SAM:MobiDB-lite"
SQ SEQUENCE 444 AA; 48360 MW; F002F394C78D7A22 CRC64;
MGPGIQPTSA RPCSRTKHSR FALLAAALTA RRVKQFTKQF RSRRMAEDIL KLWQRQYHLP
REDSDKRTLR ERVHLYRPPR SDLGGIAVAV TVIALWATLF VYGLWFVKLP WALKVGETAT
SWATIAAVFF SLEFLYTGLF ITTHDAMHGT IALRNRRLND FLGQLAISLY AWFDYSVLHR
KHWEHHNHTG EPRVDPDFHR GNPNLAVWFA QFMVSYMTLS QFLKIAVWSN LLLLAGAPLA
NQLLFMTAAP ILSAFRLFYY GTYVPHHPEK GHTGAMPWQV SRTSSASRLQ SFLTCYHFDL
HWEHHRWPYA PWWELPKCRQ IARGAALAPG PLPVPAAAAA TAATAAAAAA ATGSPAPASR
AGSASSASAA ASGFGSGHSG SVAAQPLSSL PLLSEGVKGL VEGAMELVAG GSSSGGGGEG
GKPGAGEHGL LQRQRQLAPV GVMA
