SYUB_HUMAN
ID SYUB_HUMAN Reviewed; 134 AA.
AC Q16143; Q6IAX7;
DT 01-NOV-1997, integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot.
DT 01-NOV-1996, sequence version 1.
DT 03-AUG-2022, entry version 188.
DE RecName: Full=Beta-synuclein;
GN Name=SNCB;
OS Homo sapiens (Human).
OC Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia;
OC Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae;
OC Homo.
OX NCBI_TaxID=9606;
RN [1]
RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA], AND PARTIAL PROTEIN SEQUENCE.
RC TISSUE=Brain;
RX PubMed=8194594; DOI=10.1016/0014-5793(94)00395-5;
RA Jakes R., Spillantini M.G., Goedert M.;
RT "Identification of two distinct synucleins from human brain.";
RL FEBS Lett. 345:27-32(1994).
RN [2]
RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA].
RX PubMed=9806846; DOI=10.1006/geno.1998.5556;
RA Lavedan C., Leroy E., Torres R., Dehejia A., Dutra A., Buchholtz S.,
RA Nussbaum R.L., Polymeropoulos M.H.;
RT "Genomic organization and expression of the human beta-synuclein gene
RT (SNCB).";
RL Genomics 54:173-175(1998).
RN [3]
RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA].
RA Kalnine N., Chen X., Rolfs A., Halleck A., Hines L., Eisenstein S.,
RA Koundinya M., Raphael J., Moreira D., Kelley T., LaBaer J., Lin Y.,
RA Phelan M., Farmer A.;
RT "Cloning of human full-length CDSs in BD Creator(TM) system donor vector.";
RL Submitted (MAY-2003) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases.
RN [4]
RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA].
RA Ebert L., Schick M., Neubert P., Schatten R., Henze S., Korn B.;
RT "Cloning of human full open reading frames in Gateway(TM) system entry
RT vector (pDONR201).";
RL Submitted (JUN-2004) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases.
RN [5]
RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA].
RC TISSUE=Lung;
RX PubMed=15489334; DOI=10.1101/gr.2596504;
RG The MGC Project Team;
RT "The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project:
RT the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).";
RL Genome Res. 14:2121-2127(2004).
RN [6]
RP PROTEIN SEQUENCE OF 46-85, AND IDENTIFICATION BY MASS SPECTROMETRY.
RC TISSUE=Fetal brain cortex;
RA Lubec G., Chen W.-Q., Sun Y.;
RL Submitted (DEC-2008) to UniProtKB.
RN [7]
RP PHOSPHORYLATION AT SER-118.
RX PubMed=10852916; DOI=10.1074/jbc.m003542200;
RA Pronin A.N., Morris A.J., Surguchov A., Benovic J.L.;
RT "Synucleins are a novel class of substrates for G protein-coupled receptor
RT kinases.";
RL J. Biol. Chem. 275:26515-26522(2000).
CC -!- FUNCTION: Non-amyloid component of senile plaques found in Alzheimer
CC disease. Could act as a regulator of SNCA aggregation process. Protects
CC neurons from staurosporine and 6-hydroxy dopamine (6OHDA)-stimulated
CC caspase activation in a p53/TP53-dependent manner. Contributes to
CC restore the SNCA anti-apoptotic function abolished by 6OHDA. Not found
CC in the Lewy bodies associated with Parkinson disease.
CC -!- INTERACTION:
CC Q16143; P05067: APP; NbExp=3; IntAct=EBI-727106, EBI-77613;
CC Q16143; Q9UNS2: COPS3; NbExp=3; IntAct=EBI-727106, EBI-350590;
CC Q16143; Q8NDC4: MORN4; NbExp=6; IntAct=EBI-727106, EBI-10269566;
CC Q16143; O75925: PIAS1; NbExp=3; IntAct=EBI-727106, EBI-629434;
CC Q16143; Q8N488: RYBP; NbExp=3; IntAct=EBI-727106, EBI-752324;
CC Q16143; P37840: SNCA; NbExp=3; IntAct=EBI-727106, EBI-985879;
CC Q16143; Q9GZS3: WDR61; NbExp=3; IntAct=EBI-727106, EBI-358545;
CC -!- SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm.
CC -!- TISSUE SPECIFICITY: Expressed predominantly in brain; concentrated in
CC presynaptic nerve terminals.
CC -!- PTM: Phosphorylated. Phosphorylation by G-protein coupled receptor
CC kinases (GRK) is more efficient than phosphorylation by CK1, CK2 and
CC CaM-kinase II. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:10852916}.
CC -!- SIMILARITY: Belongs to the synuclein family. {ECO:0000305}.
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DR EMBL; S69965; AAB30860.1; -; mRNA.
DR EMBL; AF053136; AAC80286.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR EMBL; AF053134; AAC80286.1; JOINED; Genomic_DNA.
DR EMBL; AF053135; AAC80286.1; JOINED; Genomic_DNA.
DR EMBL; BT006627; AAP35273.1; -; mRNA.
DR EMBL; CR457027; CAG33308.1; -; mRNA.
DR EMBL; BC002902; AAH02902.1; -; mRNA.
DR CCDS; CCDS4406.1; -.
DR PIR; S44430; S44430.
DR RefSeq; NP_001001502.1; NM_001001502.2.
DR RefSeq; NP_003076.1; NM_003085.4.
DR RefSeq; XP_006714979.1; XM_006714916.2.
DR AlphaFoldDB; Q16143; -.
DR BMRB; Q16143; -.
DR BioGRID; 112504; 20.
DR IntAct; Q16143; 14.
DR MINT; Q16143; -.
DR STRING; 9606.ENSP00000308057; -.
DR TCDB; 1.C.77.1.2; the synuclein (synuclein) family.
DR GlyGen; Q16143; 3 sites, 1 O-linked glycan (3 sites).
DR iPTMnet; Q16143; -.
DR PhosphoSitePlus; Q16143; -.
DR BioMuta; SNCB; -.
DR DMDM; 2501105; -.
DR EPD; Q16143; -.
DR jPOST; Q16143; -.
DR MassIVE; Q16143; -.
DR MaxQB; Q16143; -.
DR PaxDb; Q16143; -.
DR PeptideAtlas; Q16143; -.
DR PRIDE; Q16143; -.
DR ProteomicsDB; 60833; -.
DR Antibodypedia; 3634; 368 antibodies from 40 providers.
DR DNASU; 6620; -.
DR Ensembl; ENST00000310112.7; ENSP00000308057.3; ENSG00000074317.11.
DR Ensembl; ENST00000393693.7; ENSP00000377296.2; ENSG00000074317.11.
DR Ensembl; ENST00000506696.1; ENSP00000422223.1; ENSG00000074317.11.
DR Ensembl; ENST00000510387.5; ENSP00000424073.1; ENSG00000074317.11.
DR GeneID; 6620; -.
DR KEGG; hsa:6620; -.
DR MANE-Select; ENST00000393693.7; ENSP00000377296.2; NM_003085.5; NP_003076.1.
DR UCSC; uc003mep.4; human.
DR CTD; 6620; -.
DR DisGeNET; 6620; -.
DR GeneCards; SNCB; -.
DR HGNC; HGNC:11140; SNCB.
DR HPA; ENSG00000074317; Group enriched (brain, retina).
DR MalaCards; SNCB; -.
DR MIM; 602569; gene.
DR neXtProt; NX_Q16143; -.
DR OpenTargets; ENSG00000074317; -.
DR Orphanet; 1648; NON RARE IN EUROPE: Dementia with Lewy body.
DR PharmGKB; PA35988; -.
DR VEuPathDB; HostDB:ENSG00000074317; -.
DR eggNOG; ENOG502S0N5; Eukaryota.
DR GeneTree; ENSGT00950000183175; -.
DR HOGENOM; CLU_129378_1_0_1; -.
DR InParanoid; Q16143; -.
DR OMA; AYDENQQ; -.
DR OrthoDB; 1544450at2759; -.
DR PhylomeDB; Q16143; -.
DR TreeFam; TF332776; -.
DR PathwayCommons; Q16143; -.
DR Reactome; R-HSA-5660489; MTF1 activates gene expression.
DR SignaLink; Q16143; -.
DR SIGNOR; Q16143; -.
DR BioGRID-ORCS; 6620; 16 hits in 1073 CRISPR screens.
DR ChiTaRS; SNCB; human.
DR GeneWiki; Beta-synuclein; -.
DR GenomeRNAi; 6620; -.
DR Pharos; Q16143; Tbio.
DR PRO; PR:Q16143; -.
DR Proteomes; UP000005640; Chromosome 5.
DR RNAct; Q16143; protein.
DR Bgee; ENSG00000074317; Expressed in right hemisphere of cerebellum and 138 other tissues.
DR ExpressionAtlas; Q16143; baseline and differential.
DR Genevisible; Q16143; HS.
DR GO; GO:0043679; C:axon terminus; IBA:GO_Central.
DR GO; GO:0005737; C:cytoplasm; IBA:GO_Central.
DR GO; GO:0005829; C:cytosol; TAS:Reactome.
DR GO; GO:0016234; C:inclusion body; IDA:ParkinsonsUK-UCL.
DR GO; GO:0043025; C:neuronal cell body; IBA:GO_Central.
DR GO; GO:0005509; F:calcium ion binding; IDA:UniProtKB.
DR GO; GO:1903136; F:cuprous ion binding; IMP:CAFA.
DR GO; GO:0004859; F:phospholipase inhibitor activity; TAS:ProtInc.
DR GO; GO:0046914; F:transition metal ion binding; IMP:CAFA.
DR GO; GO:0007268; P:chemical synaptic transmission; IBA:GO_Central.
DR GO; GO:0042417; P:dopamine metabolic process; IEA:Ensembl.
DR GO; GO:0043524; P:negative regulation of neuron apoptotic process; IEA:Ensembl.
DR GO; GO:0051402; P:neuron apoptotic process; IEA:Ensembl.
DR GO; GO:1901214; P:regulation of neuron death; IBA:GO_Central.
DR GO; GO:0050808; P:synapse organization; IBA:GO_Central.
DR GO; GO:0048488; P:synaptic vesicle endocytosis; IBA:GO_Central.
DR DisProt; DP00555; -.
DR InterPro; IPR001058; Synuclein.
DR InterPro; IPR002461; Synuclein_beta.
DR PANTHER; PTHR13820; PTHR13820; 1.
DR PANTHER; PTHR13820:SF4; PTHR13820:SF4; 1.
DR Pfam; PF01387; Synuclein; 1.
DR PRINTS; PR01213; BSYNUCLEIN.
DR PRINTS; PR01211; SYNUCLEIN.
PE 1: Evidence at protein level;
KW Cytoplasm; Direct protein sequencing; Phosphoprotein; Reference proteome;
KW Repeat.
FT CHAIN 1..134
FT /note="Beta-synuclein"
FT /id="PRO_0000184035"
FT REPEAT 20..30
FT /note="1"
FT REPEAT 31..41
FT /note="2"
FT REPEAT 42..56
FT /note="3; approximate"
FT REPEAT 57..67
FT /note="4"
FT REGION 20..67
FT /note="4 X 11 AA tandem repeats of [EGS]-K-T-K-[EQ]-[GQ]-V-
FT X(4)"
FT REGION 89..134
FT /note="Disordered"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000256|SAM:MobiDB-lite"
FT COMPBIAS 108..134
FT /note="Acidic residues"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000256|SAM:MobiDB-lite"
FT MOD_RES 118
FT /note="Phosphoserine; by BARK1, CK2 and GRK5"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:10852916"
SQ SEQUENCE 134 AA; 14288 MW; 5BCA9FCA615AC4EF CRC64;
MDVFMKGLSM AKEGVVAAAE KTKQGVTEAA EKTKEGVLYV GSKTREGVVQ GVASVAEKTK
EQASHLGGAV FSGAGNIAAA TGLVKREEFP TDLKPEEVAQ EAAEEPLIEP LMEPEGESYE
DPPQEEYQEY EPEA
