T2R16_HUMAN
ID T2R16_HUMAN Reviewed; 291 AA.
AC Q9NYV7; A4D0X2; Q502V3; Q549U8; Q645W1;
DT 11-APR-2003, integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot.
DT 01-OCT-2000, sequence version 1.
DT 03-AUG-2022, entry version 157.
DE RecName: Full=Taste receptor type 2 member 16;
DE Short=T2R16;
GN Name=TAS2R16;
OS Homo sapiens (Human).
OC Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia;
OC Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae;
OC Homo.
OX NCBI_TaxID=9606;
RN [1]
RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA], AND TOPOLOGY.
RX PubMed=10761934; DOI=10.1016/s0092-8674(00)80705-9;
RA Adler E., Hoon M.A., Mueller K.L., Chandrashekar J., Ryba N.J.P.,
RA Zuker C.S.;
RT "A novel family of mammalian taste receptors.";
RL Cell 100:693-702(2000).
RN [2]
RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA], AND VARIANT HIS-222.
RX PubMed=15496549; DOI=10.1093/molbev/msi027;
RA Fischer A., Gilad Y., Man O., Paeaebo S.;
RT "Evolution of bitter taste receptors in humans and apes.";
RL Mol. Biol. Evol. 22:432-436(2005).
RN [3]
RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA].
RX PubMed=12853948; DOI=10.1038/nature01782;
RA Hillier L.W., Fulton R.S., Fulton L.A., Graves T.A., Pepin K.H.,
RA Wagner-McPherson C., Layman D., Maas J., Jaeger S., Walker R., Wylie K.,
RA Sekhon M., Becker M.C., O'Laughlin M.D., Schaller M.E., Fewell G.A.,
RA Delehaunty K.D., Miner T.L., Nash W.E., Cordes M., Du H., Sun H.,
RA Edwards J., Bradshaw-Cordum H., Ali J., Andrews S., Isak A., Vanbrunt A.,
RA Nguyen C., Du F., Lamar B., Courtney L., Kalicki J., Ozersky P.,
RA Bielicki L., Scott K., Holmes A., Harkins R., Harris A., Strong C.M.,
RA Hou S., Tomlinson C., Dauphin-Kohlberg S., Kozlowicz-Reilly A., Leonard S.,
RA Rohlfing T., Rock S.M., Tin-Wollam A.-M., Abbott A., Minx P., Maupin R.,
RA Strowmatt C., Latreille P., Miller N., Johnson D., Murray J.,
RA Woessner J.P., Wendl M.C., Yang S.-P., Schultz B.R., Wallis J.W.,
RA Spieth J., Bieri T.A., Nelson J.O., Berkowicz N., Wohldmann P.E.,
RA Cook L.L., Hickenbotham M.T., Eldred J., Williams D., Bedell J.A.,
RA Mardis E.R., Clifton S.W., Chissoe S.L., Marra M.A., Raymond C., Haugen E.,
RA Gillett W., Zhou Y., James R., Phelps K., Iadanoto S., Bubb K., Simms E.,
RA Levy R., Clendenning J., Kaul R., Kent W.J., Furey T.S., Baertsch R.A.,
RA Brent M.R., Keibler E., Flicek P., Bork P., Suyama M., Bailey J.A.,
RA Portnoy M.E., Torrents D., Chinwalla A.T., Gish W.R., Eddy S.R.,
RA McPherson J.D., Olson M.V., Eichler E.E., Green E.D., Waterston R.H.,
RA Wilson R.K.;
RT "The DNA sequence of human chromosome 7.";
RL Nature 424:157-164(2003).
RN [4]
RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA], AND VARIANT HIS-222.
RX PubMed=12690205; DOI=10.1126/science.1083423;
RA Scherer S.W., Cheung J., MacDonald J.R., Osborne L.R., Nakabayashi K.,
RA Herbrick J.-A., Carson A.R., Parker-Katiraee L., Skaug J., Khaja R.,
RA Zhang J., Hudek A.K., Li M., Haddad M., Duggan G.E., Fernandez B.A.,
RA Kanematsu E., Gentles S., Christopoulos C.C., Choufani S., Kwasnicka D.,
RA Zheng X.H., Lai Z., Nusskern D.R., Zhang Q., Gu Z., Lu F., Zeesman S.,
RA Nowaczyk M.J., Teshima I., Chitayat D., Shuman C., Weksberg R.,
RA Zackai E.H., Grebe T.A., Cox S.R., Kirkpatrick S.J., Rahman N.,
RA Friedman J.M., Heng H.H.Q., Pelicci P.G., Lo-Coco F., Belloni E.,
RA Shaffer L.G., Pober B., Morton C.C., Gusella J.F., Bruns G.A.P., Korf B.R.,
RA Quade B.J., Ligon A.H., Ferguson H., Higgins A.W., Leach N.T.,
RA Herrick S.R., Lemyre E., Farra C.G., Kim H.-G., Summers A.M., Gripp K.W.,
RA Roberts W., Szatmari P., Winsor E.J.T., Grzeschik K.-H., Teebi A.,
RA Minassian B.A., Kere J., Armengol L., Pujana M.A., Estivill X.,
RA Wilson M.D., Koop B.F., Tosi S., Moore G.E., Boright A.P., Zlotorynski E.,
RA Kerem B., Kroisel P.M., Petek E., Oscier D.G., Mould S.J., Doehner H.,
RA Doehner K., Rommens J.M., Vincent J.B., Venter J.C., Li P.W., Mural R.J.,
RA Adams M.D., Tsui L.-C.;
RT "Human chromosome 7: DNA sequence and biology.";
RL Science 300:767-772(2003).
RN [5]
RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA], AND VARIANT HIS-222.
RX PubMed=15489334; DOI=10.1101/gr.2596504;
RG The MGC Project Team;
RT "The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project:
RT the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).";
RL Genome Res. 14:2121-2127(2004).
RN [6]
RP CHARACTERIZATION.
RX PubMed=10761935; DOI=10.1016/s0092-8674(00)80706-0;
RA Chandrashekar J., Mueller K.L., Hoon M.A., Adler E., Feng L., Guo W.,
RA Zuker C.S., Ryba N.J.P.;
RT "T2Rs function as bitter taste receptors.";
RL Cell 100:703-711(2000).
RN [7]
RP FUNCTION.
RX PubMed=12379855; DOI=10.1038/ng1014;
RA Bufe B., Hofmann T., Krautwurst D., Raguse J.-D., Meyerhof W.;
RT "The human TAS2R16 receptor mediates bitter taste in response to beta-
RT glucopyranosides.";
RL Nat. Genet. 32:397-401(2002).
RN [8]
RP FUNCTION.
RX PubMed=15759003; DOI=10.1038/nature03352;
RA Mueller K.L., Hoon M.A., Erlenbach I., Chandrashekar J., Zuker C.S.,
RA Ryba N.J.;
RT "The receptors and coding logic for bitter taste.";
RL Nature 434:225-229(2005).
RN [9]
RP REVIEW.
RX PubMed=12139982; DOI=10.1016/s0959-4388(02)00345-8;
RA Montmayeur J.-P., Matsunami H.;
RT "Receptors for bitter and sweet taste.";
RL Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. 12:366-371(2002).
RN [10]
RP REVIEW.
RX PubMed=11696554; DOI=10.1074/jbc.r100054200;
RA Margolskee R.F.;
RT "Molecular mechanisms of bitter and sweet taste transduction.";
RL J. Biol. Chem. 277:1-4(2002).
RN [11]
RP REVIEW.
RX PubMed=12581520; DOI=10.1016/s0092-8674(03)00071-0;
RA Zhang Y., Hoon M.A., Chandrashekar J., Mueller K.L., Cook B., Wu D.,
RA Zuker C.S., Ryba N.J.;
RT "Coding of sweet, bitter, and umami tastes: different receptor cells
RT sharing similar signaling pathways.";
RL Cell 112:293-301(2003).
RN [12]
RP POLYMORPHISM, INVOLVEMENT IN BETA-GLUCOPYRANOSIDE TASTING, AND VARIANTS
RP MET-101; VAL-114; PRO-116; SER-161; LYS-172; PRO-177; ASP-216; VAL-221;
RP HIS-222; MET-235 AND VAL-240.
RX PubMed=16051168; DOI=10.1016/j.cub.2005.06.042;
RA Soranzo N., Bufe B., Sabeti P.C., Wilson J.F., Weale M.E., Marguerie R.,
RA Meyerhof W., Goldstein D.B.;
RT "Positive selection on a high-sensitivity allele of the human bitter-taste
RT receptor TAS2R16.";
RL Curr. Biol. 15:1257-1265(2005).
RN [13]
RP INTERACTION WITH RTP3 AND RTP4, SUBCELLULAR LOCATION, AND TISSUE
RP SPECIFICITY.
RX PubMed=16720576; DOI=10.1074/jbc.m513637200;
RA Behrens M., Bartelt J., Reichling C., Winnig M., Kuhn C., Meyerhof W.;
RT "Members of RTP and REEP gene families influence functional bitter taste
RT receptor expression.";
RL J. Biol. Chem. 281:20650-20659(2006).
RN [14]
RP VARIANT LYS-172, AND ASSOCIATION WITH SUSCEPTIBILITY TO ALCOHOLISM.
RX PubMed=16385453; DOI=10.1086/499253;
RA Hinrichs A.L., Wang J.C., Bufe B., Kwon J.M., Budde J., Allen R.,
RA Bertelsen S., Evans W., Dick D., Rice J., Foroud T., Nurnberger J.,
RA Tischfield J.A., Kuperman S., Crowe R., Hesselbrock V., Schuckit M.,
RA Almasy L., Porjesz B., Edenberg H.J., Begleiter H., Meyerhof W.,
RA Bierut L.J., Goate A.M.;
RT "Functional variant in a bitter-taste receptor (hTAS2R16) influences risk
RT of alcohol dependence.";
RL Am. J. Hum. Genet. 78:103-111(2006).
CC -!- FUNCTION: Gustducin-coupled receptor implicated in the perception of
CC bitter compounds in the oral cavity and the gastrointestinal tract.
CC Signals through PLCB2 and the calcium-regulated cation channel TRPM5.
CC {ECO:0000269|PubMed:12379855, ECO:0000269|PubMed:15759003}.
CC -!- SUBUNIT: Interacts with RTP3 and RTP4. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:16720576}.
CC -!- SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane {ECO:0000269|PubMed:16720576};
CC Multi-pass membrane protein {ECO:0000255}.
CC -!- TISSUE SPECIFICITY: Expressed in a subset of gustducin-positive taste
CC receptor cells of the tongue. Expressed in circumvallate papillae and
CC testis (PubMed:16720576). {ECO:0000269|PubMed:16720576}.
CC -!- POLYMORPHISM: Genetic variation in TAS2R16 influences sensitivity to
CC beta-glucopyranoside tasting (BGLPT) [MIM:617956]. Variant Asn-172
CC results in greater receptor activation in response to bitter beta-
CC glucopyranoside compounds including salicin, arbutin and amygdalin
CC compared to Lys-172 (PubMed:16051168). Variant Lys-172 may influence
CC risk of alcohol dependence (PubMed:16385453).
CC {ECO:0000269|PubMed:16051168, ECO:0000269|PubMed:16385453}.
CC -!- MISCELLANEOUS: Several bitter taste receptors are expressed in a single
CC taste receptor cell.
CC -!- MISCELLANEOUS: Confers bitter perception of salicin to non-taster mice.
CC -!- SIMILARITY: Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor T2R family.
CC {ECO:0000305}.
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DR EMBL; AF227139; AAF43912.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR EMBL; AY724962; AAU21158.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR EMBL; AC004838; AAP21892.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR EMBL; CH236947; EAL24338.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR EMBL; BC095524; AAH95524.1; -; mRNA.
DR CCDS; CCDS5785.1; -.
DR RefSeq; NP_058641.1; NM_016945.2.
DR AlphaFoldDB; Q9NYV7; -.
DR SMR; Q9NYV7; -.
DR STRING; 9606.ENSP00000249284; -.
DR BindingDB; Q9NYV7; -.
DR ChEMBL; CHEMBL3309106; -.
DR DrugBank; DB01032; Probenecid.
DR GlyGen; Q9NYV7; 2 sites.
DR iPTMnet; Q9NYV7; -.
DR PhosphoSitePlus; Q9NYV7; -.
DR BioMuta; TAS2R16; -.
DR DMDM; 29839657; -.
DR jPOST; Q9NYV7; -.
DR PaxDb; Q9NYV7; -.
DR PeptideAtlas; Q9NYV7; -.
DR PRIDE; Q9NYV7; -.
DR Antibodypedia; 31744; 66 antibodies from 16 providers.
DR DNASU; 50833; -.
DR Ensembl; ENST00000249284.3; ENSP00000249284.2; ENSG00000128519.3.
DR GeneID; 50833; -.
DR KEGG; hsa:50833; -.
DR MANE-Select; ENST00000249284.3; ENSP00000249284.2; NM_016945.3; NP_058641.1.
DR UCSC; uc003vkl.2; human.
DR CTD; 50833; -.
DR DisGeNET; 50833; -.
DR GeneCards; TAS2R16; -.
DR HGNC; HGNC:14921; TAS2R16.
DR HPA; ENSG00000128519; Not detected.
DR MalaCards; TAS2R16; -.
DR MIM; 604867; gene.
DR MIM; 617956; phenotype.
DR neXtProt; NX_Q9NYV7; -.
DR OpenTargets; ENSG00000128519; -.
DR PharmGKB; PA37931; -.
DR VEuPathDB; HostDB:ENSG00000128519; -.
DR eggNOG; ENOG502S2SI; Eukaryota.
DR GeneTree; ENSGT00960000186648; -.
DR HOGENOM; CLU_072337_1_1_1; -.
DR InParanoid; Q9NYV7; -.
DR OMA; CLQWTSM; -.
DR OrthoDB; 1282504at2759; -.
DR PhylomeDB; Q9NYV7; -.
DR TreeFam; TF335891; -.
DR PathwayCommons; Q9NYV7; -.
DR Reactome; R-HSA-418594; G alpha (i) signalling events.
DR Reactome; R-HSA-420499; Class C/3 (Metabotropic glutamate/pheromone receptors).
DR Reactome; R-HSA-9717207; Sensory perception of sweet, bitter, and umami (glutamate) taste.
DR BioGRID-ORCS; 50833; 6 hits in 1063 CRISPR screens.
DR GeneWiki; TAS2R16; -.
DR GenomeRNAi; 50833; -.
DR Pharos; Q9NYV7; Tchem.
DR PRO; PR:Q9NYV7; -.
DR Proteomes; UP000005640; Chromosome 7.
DR RNAct; Q9NYV7; protein.
DR Bgee; ENSG00000128519; Expressed in tibialis anterior and 2 other tissues.
DR Genevisible; Q9NYV7; HS.
DR GO; GO:0005783; C:endoplasmic reticulum; IDA:HGNC-UCL.
DR GO; GO:0009897; C:external side of plasma membrane; IDA:HGNC-UCL.
DR GO; GO:0016021; C:integral component of membrane; IBA:GO_Central.
DR GO; GO:0005886; C:plasma membrane; TAS:Reactome.
DR GO; GO:0005802; C:trans-Golgi network; IDA:HGNC-UCL.
DR GO; GO:0033038; F:bitter taste receptor activity; IDA:UniProtKB.
DR GO; GO:0004930; F:G protein-coupled receptor activity; IEA:UniProtKB-KW.
DR GO; GO:0001580; P:detection of chemical stimulus involved in sensory perception of bitter taste; IDA:UniProtKB.
DR GO; GO:0007186; P:G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway; IC:BHF-UCL.
DR InterPro; IPR007960; TAS2R.
DR Pfam; PF05296; TAS2R; 1.
PE 1: Evidence at protein level;
KW Cell membrane; G-protein coupled receptor; Glycoprotein; Membrane;
KW Receptor; Reference proteome; Sensory transduction; Taste; Transducer;
KW Transmembrane; Transmembrane helix.
FT CHAIN 1..291
FT /note="Taste receptor type 2 member 16"
FT /id="PRO_0000082262"
FT TOPO_DOM 1
FT /note="Extracellular"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255"
FT TRANSMEM 2..22
FT /note="Helical; Name=1"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255"
FT TOPO_DOM 23..41
FT /note="Cytoplasmic"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255"
FT TRANSMEM 42..62
FT /note="Helical; Name=2"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255"
FT TOPO_DOM 63..84
FT /note="Extracellular"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255"
FT TRANSMEM 85..105
FT /note="Helical; Name=3"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255"
FT TOPO_DOM 106..125
FT /note="Cytoplasmic"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255"
FT TRANSMEM 126..146
FT /note="Helical; Name=4"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255"
FT TOPO_DOM 147..182
FT /note="Extracellular"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255"
FT TRANSMEM 183..203
FT /note="Helical; Name=5"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255"
FT TOPO_DOM 204..228
FT /note="Cytoplasmic"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255"
FT TRANSMEM 229..249
FT /note="Helical; Name=6"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255"
FT TOPO_DOM 250..257
FT /note="Extracellular"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255"
FT TRANSMEM 258..278
FT /note="Helical; Name=7"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255"
FT TOPO_DOM 279..291
FT /note="Cytoplasmic"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255"
FT CARBOHYD 80
FT /note="N-linked (GlcNAc...) asparagine"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255"
FT CARBOHYD 163
FT /note="N-linked (GlcNAc...) asparagine"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255"
FT VARIANT 101
FT /note="V -> M (in dbSNP:rs28371571)"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:16051168"
FT /id="VAR_080835"
FT VARIANT 114
FT /note="I -> V (in dbSNP:rs28371574)"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:16051168"
FT /id="VAR_080836"
FT VARIANT 116
FT /note="L -> P (in dbSNP:rs28371575)"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:16051168"
FT /id="VAR_080837"
FT VARIANT 161
FT /note="P -> S (in dbSNP:rs28371576)"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:16051168"
FT /id="VAR_080838"
FT VARIANT 172
FT /note="N -> K (associated with susceptibility to
FT alcoholism; dbSNP:rs846664)"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:16051168,
FT ECO:0000269|PubMed:16385453"
FT /id="VAR_034539"
FT VARIANT 177
FT /note="Q -> P (in dbSNP:rs28371577)"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:16051168"
FT /id="VAR_080839"
FT VARIANT 216
FT /note="N -> D (in dbSNP:rs28371578)"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:16051168"
FT /id="VAR_080840"
FT VARIANT 221
FT /note="A -> V (in dbSNP:rs28371579)"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:16051168"
FT /id="VAR_080841"
FT VARIANT 222
FT /note="R -> H (in dbSNP:rs860170)"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:12690205,
FT ECO:0000269|PubMed:15489334, ECO:0000269|PubMed:15496549,
FT ECO:0000269|PubMed:16051168"
FT /id="VAR_020205"
FT VARIANT 235
FT /note="V -> M (in dbSNP:rs28371580)"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:16051168"
FT /id="VAR_080842"
FT VARIANT 240
FT /note="F -> V (in dbSNP:rs28371581)"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:16051168"
FT /id="VAR_080843"
SQ SEQUENCE 291 AA; 33986 MW; 0693085F23D57D73 CRC64;
MIPIQLTVFF MIIYVLESLT IIVQSSLIVA VLGREWLQVR RLMPVDMILI SLGISRFCLQ
WASMLNNFCS YFNLNYVLCN LTITWEFFNI LTFWLNSLLT VFYCIKVSSF THHIFLWLRW
RILRLFPWIL LGSLMITCVT IIPSAIGNYI QIQLLTMEHL PRNSTVTDKL ENFHQYQFQA
HTVALVIPFI LFLASTIFLM ASLTKQIQHH STGHCNPSMK ARFTALRSLA VLFIVFTSYF
LTILITIIGT LFDKRCWLWV WEAFVYAFIL MHSTSLMLSS PTLKRILKGK C
