T2R38_HUMAN
ID T2R38_HUMAN Reviewed; 333 AA.
AC P59533; A4D1U6; P59552; Q2M3E8; Q645W3; Q86UK3;
DT 11-APR-2003, integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot.
DT 21-JUN-2005, sequence version 3.
DT 03-AUG-2022, entry version 160.
DE RecName: Full=Taste receptor type 2 member 38;
DE Short=T2R38;
DE AltName: Full=PTC bitter taste receptor;
DE AltName: Full=Taste receptor type 2 member 61;
DE Short=T2R61;
GN Name=TAS2R38; Synonyms=PTC;
OS Homo sapiens (Human).
OC Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia;
OC Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae;
OC Homo.
OX NCBI_TaxID=9606;
RN [1]
RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA], AND VARIANT VAL-262.
RX PubMed=12379855; DOI=10.1038/ng1014;
RA Bufe B., Hofmann T., Krautwurst D., Raguse J.-D., Meyerhof W.;
RT "The human TAS2R16 receptor mediates bitter taste in response to beta-
RT glucopyranosides.";
RL Nat. Genet. 32:397-401(2002).
RN [2]
RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA].
RX PubMed=12584440; DOI=10.1159/000068546;
RA Conte C., Ebeling M., Marcuz A., Nef P., Andres-Barquin P.J.;
RT "Identification and characterization of human taste receptor genes
RT belonging to the TAS2R family.";
RL Cytogenet. Genome Res. 98:45-53(2002).
RN [3]
RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA], AND VARIANTS PRO-49 AND VAL-296.
RX PubMed=12595690; DOI=10.1126/science.1080190;
RA Kim U.-K., Jorgenson E., Coon H., Leppert M., Risch N., Drayna D.T.;
RT "Positional cloning of the human quantitative trait locus underlying taste
RT sensitivity to phenylthiocarbamide.";
RL Science 299:1221-1225(2003).
RN [4]
RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA], AND VARIANT VAL-262.
RX PubMed=15496549; DOI=10.1093/molbev/msi027;
RA Fischer A., Gilad Y., Man O., Paeaebo S.;
RT "Evolution of bitter taste receptors in humans and apes.";
RL Mol. Biol. Evol. 22:432-436(2005).
RN [5]
RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA], AND VARIANT VAL-262.
RX PubMed=12690205; DOI=10.1126/science.1083423;
RA Scherer S.W., Cheung J., MacDonald J.R., Osborne L.R., Nakabayashi K.,
RA Herbrick J.-A., Carson A.R., Parker-Katiraee L., Skaug J., Khaja R.,
RA Zhang J., Hudek A.K., Li M., Haddad M., Duggan G.E., Fernandez B.A.,
RA Kanematsu E., Gentles S., Christopoulos C.C., Choufani S., Kwasnicka D.,
RA Zheng X.H., Lai Z., Nusskern D.R., Zhang Q., Gu Z., Lu F., Zeesman S.,
RA Nowaczyk M.J., Teshima I., Chitayat D., Shuman C., Weksberg R.,
RA Zackai E.H., Grebe T.A., Cox S.R., Kirkpatrick S.J., Rahman N.,
RA Friedman J.M., Heng H.H.Q., Pelicci P.G., Lo-Coco F., Belloni E.,
RA Shaffer L.G., Pober B., Morton C.C., Gusella J.F., Bruns G.A.P., Korf B.R.,
RA Quade B.J., Ligon A.H., Ferguson H., Higgins A.W., Leach N.T.,
RA Herrick S.R., Lemyre E., Farra C.G., Kim H.-G., Summers A.M., Gripp K.W.,
RA Roberts W., Szatmari P., Winsor E.J.T., Grzeschik K.-H., Teebi A.,
RA Minassian B.A., Kere J., Armengol L., Pujana M.A., Estivill X.,
RA Wilson M.D., Koop B.F., Tosi S., Moore G.E., Boright A.P., Zlotorynski E.,
RA Kerem B., Kroisel P.M., Petek E., Oscier D.G., Mould S.J., Doehner H.,
RA Doehner K., Rommens J.M., Vincent J.B., Venter J.C., Li P.W., Mural R.J.,
RA Adams M.D., Tsui L.-C.;
RT "Human chromosome 7: DNA sequence and biology.";
RL Science 300:767-772(2003).
RN [6]
RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA], AND VARIANT VAL-262.
RA Mural R.J., Istrail S., Sutton G., Florea L., Halpern A.L., Mobarry C.M.,
RA Lippert R., Walenz B., Shatkay H., Dew I., Miller J.R., Flanigan M.J.,
RA Edwards N.J., Bolanos R., Fasulo D., Halldorsson B.V., Hannenhalli S.,
RA Turner R., Yooseph S., Lu F., Nusskern D.R., Shue B.C., Zheng X.H.,
RA Zhong F., Delcher A.L., Huson D.H., Kravitz S.A., Mouchard L., Reinert K.,
RA Remington K.A., Clark A.G., Waterman M.S., Eichler E.E., Adams M.D.,
RA Hunkapiller M.W., Myers E.W., Venter J.C.;
RL Submitted (JUL-2005) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases.
RN [7]
RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA], AND VARIANT VAL-262.
RX PubMed=15489334; DOI=10.1101/gr.2596504;
RG The MGC Project Team;
RT "The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project:
RT the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).";
RL Genome Res. 14:2121-2127(2004).
RN [8]
RP REVIEW.
RX PubMed=12139982; DOI=10.1016/s0959-4388(02)00345-8;
RA Montmayeur J.-P., Matsunami H.;
RT "Receptors for bitter and sweet taste.";
RL Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. 12:366-371(2002).
RN [9]
RP REVIEW.
RX PubMed=11696554; DOI=10.1074/jbc.r100054200;
RA Margolskee R.F.;
RT "Molecular mechanisms of bitter and sweet taste transduction.";
RL J. Biol. Chem. 277:1-4(2002).
RN [10]
RP REVIEW.
RX PubMed=12581520; DOI=10.1016/s0092-8674(03)00071-0;
RA Zhang Y., Hoon M.A., Chandrashekar J., Mueller K.L., Cook B., Wu D.,
RA Zuker C.S., Ryba N.J.;
RT "Coding of sweet, bitter, and umami tastes: different receptor cells
RT sharing similar signaling pathways.";
RL Cell 112:293-301(2003).
RN [11]
RP TISSUE SPECIFICITY.
RX PubMed=16720576; DOI=10.1074/jbc.m513637200;
RA Behrens M., Bartelt J., Reichling C., Winnig M., Kuhn C., Meyerhof W.;
RT "Members of RTP and REEP gene families influence functional bitter taste
RT receptor expression.";
RL J. Biol. Chem. 281:20650-20659(2006).
CC -!- FUNCTION: Receptor that may play a role in the perception of bitterness
CC and is gustducin-linked. May play a role in sensing the chemical
CC composition of the gastrointestinal content. The activity of this
CC receptor may stimulate alpha gustducin, mediate PLC-beta-2 activation
CC and lead to the gating of TRPM5 (By similarity). {ECO:0000250}.
CC -!- SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein.
CC -!- TISSUE SPECIFICITY: Expressed in subsets of taste receptor cells of the
CC tongue and exclusively in gustducin-positive cells. Expressed in testis
CC (PubMed:16720576). {ECO:0000269|PubMed:16720576}.
CC -!- POLYMORPHISM: Variations in TAS2R38 are associated with the ability to
CC taste phenylthiocarbamide (PTC tasting) [MIM:171200]; also called
CC thiourea tasting. The ability to taste the substance PTC and a number
CC of related substances is genetically controlled. Genetic studies have
CC demonstrated complex inheritance for this trait. For some people (and
CC some chimpanzees also), the chemical PTC tastes very bitter. For
CC others, it is tasteless. Actually, substantial variation in taste
CC sensitivity exists in human. Five haplotypes arising from three coding
CC SNPs in the TAS2R38 gene are associated with distinct phenotypes of PTC
CC taste sensitivity.
CC -!- MISCELLANEOUS: Most taste cells may be activated by a limited number of
CC bitter compounds; individual taste cells can discriminate among bitter
CC stimuli.
CC -!- SIMILARITY: Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor T2R family.
CC {ECO:0000305}.
CC -!- WEB RESOURCE: Name=Protein Spotlight; Note=A tail of protection - Issue
CC 119 of July 2010;
CC URL="https://web.expasy.org/spotlight/back_issues/119";
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DR EMBL; AF494231; AAM19322.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR EMBL; AY114095; AAM63545.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR EMBL; AY258598; AAP14667.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR EMBL; AY724960; AAU21156.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR EMBL; CH236950; EAL24011.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR EMBL; CH471070; EAW83993.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR EMBL; BC104933; AAI04934.1; -; mRNA.
DR EMBL; BC104937; AAI04938.1; -; mRNA.
DR CCDS; CCDS34765.1; -.
DR RefSeq; NP_789787.4; NM_176817.4.
DR AlphaFoldDB; P59533; -.
DR SMR; P59533; -.
DR BioGRID; 111698; 4.
DR STRING; 9606.ENSP00000448219; -.
DR ChEMBL; CHEMBL4523248; -.
DR TCDB; 9.A.14.17.5; the g-protein-coupled receptor (gpcr) family.
DR GlyGen; P59533; 2 sites.
DR iPTMnet; P59533; -.
DR PhosphoSitePlus; P59533; -.
DR BioMuta; TAS2R38; -.
DR DMDM; 68068016; -.
DR PaxDb; P59533; -.
DR PRIDE; P59533; -.
DR Antibodypedia; 50262; 149 antibodies from 21 providers.
DR DNASU; 5726; -.
DR Ensembl; ENST00000547270.1; ENSP00000448219.1; ENSG00000257138.1.
DR GeneID; 5726; -.
DR KEGG; hsa:5726; -.
DR MANE-Select; ENST00000547270.1; ENSP00000448219.1; NM_176817.5; NP_789787.5.
DR UCSC; uc003vwx.1; human.
DR CTD; 5726; -.
DR DisGeNET; 5726; -.
DR GeneCards; TAS2R38; -.
DR HGNC; HGNC:9584; TAS2R38.
DR HPA; ENSG00000257138; Not detected.
DR MalaCards; TAS2R38; -.
DR MIM; 171200; phenotype.
DR MIM; 607751; gene.
DR neXtProt; NX_P59533; -.
DR OpenTargets; ENSG00000257138; -.
DR PharmGKB; PA33936; -.
DR VEuPathDB; HostDB:ENSG00000257138; -.
DR eggNOG; ENOG502T15G; Eukaryota.
DR GeneTree; ENSGT00960000186638; -.
DR HOGENOM; CLU_072337_3_0_1; -.
DR InParanoid; P59533; -.
DR OMA; TIIMLWM; -.
DR OrthoDB; 1010573at2759; -.
DR PhylomeDB; P59533; -.
DR TreeFam; TF335891; -.
DR PathwayCommons; P59533; -.
DR Reactome; R-HSA-418594; G alpha (i) signalling events.
DR Reactome; R-HSA-420499; Class C/3 (Metabotropic glutamate/pheromone receptors).
DR Reactome; R-HSA-9717207; Sensory perception of sweet, bitter, and umami (glutamate) taste.
DR BioGRID-ORCS; 5726; 12 hits in 1061 CRISPR screens.
DR GeneWiki; TAS2R38; -.
DR GenomeRNAi; 5726; -.
DR Pharos; P59533; Tchem.
DR PRO; PR:P59533; -.
DR Proteomes; UP000005640; Chromosome 7.
DR RNAct; P59533; protein.
DR Bgee; ENSG00000257138; Expressed in rectum and 9 other tissues.
DR Genevisible; P59533; HS.
DR GO; GO:0016021; C:integral component of membrane; IBA:GO_Central.
DR GO; GO:0005886; C:plasma membrane; IDA:CACAO.
DR GO; GO:0033038; F:bitter taste receptor activity; IDA:UniProtKB.
DR GO; GO:0004930; F:G protein-coupled receptor activity; IEA:UniProtKB-KW.
DR GO; GO:0001580; P:detection of chemical stimulus involved in sensory perception of bitter taste; IDA:UniProtKB.
DR InterPro; IPR007960; TAS2R.
DR InterPro; IPR030050; TAS2R38.
DR PANTHER; PTHR11394:SF52; PTHR11394:SF52; 1.
DR Pfam; PF05296; TAS2R; 1.
PE 2: Evidence at transcript level;
KW G-protein coupled receptor; Glycoprotein; Membrane; Receptor;
KW Reference proteome; Sensory transduction; Taste; Transducer; Transmembrane;
KW Transmembrane helix.
FT CHAIN 1..333
FT /note="Taste receptor type 2 member 38"
FT /id="PRO_0000082273"
FT TOPO_DOM 1..17
FT /note="Extracellular"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255"
FT TRANSMEM 18..38
FT /note="Helical; Name=1"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255"
FT TOPO_DOM 39..55
FT /note="Cytoplasmic"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255"
FT TRANSMEM 56..76
FT /note="Helical; Name=2"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255"
FT TOPO_DOM 77..94
FT /note="Extracellular"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255"
FT TRANSMEM 95..115
FT /note="Helical; Name=3"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255"
FT TOPO_DOM 116..142
FT /note="Cytoplasmic"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255"
FT TRANSMEM 143..163
FT /note="Helical; Name=4"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255"
FT TOPO_DOM 164..190
FT /note="Extracellular"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255"
FT TRANSMEM 191..211
FT /note="Helical; Name=5"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255"
FT TOPO_DOM 212..251
FT /note="Cytoplasmic"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255"
FT TRANSMEM 252..272
FT /note="Helical; Name=6"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255"
FT TOPO_DOM 273..276
FT /note="Extracellular"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255"
FT TRANSMEM 277..297
FT /note="Helical; Name=7"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255"
FT TOPO_DOM 298..333
FT /note="Cytoplasmic"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255"
FT CARBOHYD 89
FT /note="N-linked (GlcNAc...) asparagine"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255"
FT CARBOHYD 178
FT /note="N-linked (GlcNAc...) asparagine"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255"
FT VARIANT 49
FT /note="A -> P (in dbSNP:rs713598)"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:12595690"
FT /id="VAR_017860"
FT VARIANT 262
FT /note="A -> V (in dbSNP:rs1726866)"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:12379855,
FT ECO:0000269|PubMed:12690205, ECO:0000269|PubMed:15489334,
FT ECO:0000269|PubMed:15496549, ECO:0000269|Ref.6"
FT /id="VAR_017861"
FT VARIANT 296
FT /note="I -> V (in dbSNP:rs10246939)"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:12595690"
FT /id="VAR_017862"
FT CONFLICT 186
FT /note="I -> N (in Ref. 1; AAM19322)"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000305"
SQ SEQUENCE 333 AA; 37892 MW; E3B5EDD5AB99994C CRC64;
MLTLTRIRTV SYEVRSTFLF ISVLEFAVGF LTNAFVFLVN FWDVVKRQAL SNSDCVLLCL
SISRLFLHGL LFLSAIQLTH FQKLSEPLNH SYQAIIMLWM IANQANLWLA ACLSLLYCSK
LIRFSHTFLI CLASWVSRKI SQMLLGIILC SCICTVLCVW CFFSRPHFTV TTVLFMNNNT
RLNWQIKDLN LFYSFLFCYL WSVPPFLLFL VSSGMLTVSL GRHMRTMKVY TRNSRDPSLE
AHIKALKSLV SFFCFFVISS CAAFISVPLL ILWRDKIGVM VCVGIMAACP SGHAAILISG
NAKLRRAVMT ILLWAQSSLK VRADHKADSR TLC
