ID   TAT_JEMBR               Reviewed;         114 AA.
AC   Q82854; Q82853;
DT   23-JAN-2007, integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot.
DT   01-NOV-1996, sequence version 1.
DT   29-SEP-2021, entry version 89.
DE   RecName: Full=Protein Tat;
DE   AltName: Full=Transactivating regulatory protein;
DE   AltName: Full=jTat;
GN   Name=tat;
OS   Jembrana disease virus (JDV).
OC   Viruses; Riboviria; Pararnavirae; Artverviricota; Revtraviricetes;
OC   Ortervirales; Retroviridae; Orthoretrovirinae; Lentivirus.
OX   NCBI_TaxID=36370;
OH   NCBI_TaxID=9906; Bos javanicus (Wild banteng).
RN   [1]
RP   NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC RNA] (ISOFORMS LONG AND SHORT).
RC   STRAIN=Tabanan/87;
RX   PubMed=9049370; DOI=10.1099/0022-1317-76-7-1637;
RA   Chadwick B.J., Coelen R.J., Wilcox G.E., Sammels L.M., Kertayadnya G.;
RT   "Nucleotide sequence analysis of Jembrana disease virus: a bovine
RT   lentivirus associated with an acute disease syndrome.";
RL   J. Gen. Virol. 76:1637-1650(1995).
RN   [2]
RP   CHARACTERIZATION.
RX   PubMed=9847371; DOI=10.1128/jvi.73.1.658-666.1999;
RA   Chen H., Wilcox G., Kertayadnya G., Wood C.;
RT   "Characterization of the Jembrana disease virus tat gene and the cis- and
RT   trans-regulatory elements in its long terminal repeats.";
RL   J. Virol. 73:658-666(1999).
RN   [3]
RP   BINDING TO HIV TAR RNA.
RX   PubMed=10684286; DOI=10.1128/jvi.74.6.2703-2713.2000;
RA   Chen H., He J., Fong S., Wilcox G., Wood C.;
RT   "Jembrana disease virus Tat can regulate human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
RT   long terminal repeat-directed gene expression and can substitute for HIV
RT   Tat in viral replication.";
RL   J. Virol. 74:2703-2713(2000).
RN   [4]
RP   BINDING TO HIV AND BIV TAR RNA.
RX   PubMed=11106746; DOI=10.1016/s1097-2765(00)00105-2;
RA   Smith C.A., Calabro V., Frankel A.D.;
RT   "An RNA-binding chameleon.";
RL   Mol. Cell 6:1067-1076(2000).
RN   [5]
RP   STRUCTURE BY NMR OF 65-81 IN COMPLEX WITH BIV TAR RNA.
RX   PubMed=15857951; DOI=10.1073/pnas.0409282102;
RA   Calabro V., Daugherty M.D., Frankel A.D.;
RT   "A single intermolecular contact mediates intramolecular stabilization of
RT   both RNA and protein.";
RL   Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 102:6849-6854(2005).
CC   -!- FUNCTION: Nuclear transcriptional activator of viral gene expression,
CC       that is essential for viral transcription from the LTR promoter and
CC       replication. Acts as a sequence-specific molecular adapter, directing
CC       components of the cellular transcription machinery to the viral RNA to
CC       promote processive transcription elongation by the RNA polymerase II
CC       (RNA pol II) complex, thereby increasing the level of full-length
CC       transcripts. Tat binds to a hairpin structure at the 5'-end of all
CC       nascent viral mRNAs referred to as the transactivation responsive RNA
CC       element (TAR RNA) in a CCNT1-independent mode. Tat then recruits the
CC       CCNT1/cyclin-T1 component of the P-TEFb complex (CDK9 and CCNT1), which
CC       promotes RNA chain elongation. The CDK9 component of P-TEFb
CC       hyperphosphorylates the C-terminus of RNA Pol II that becomes
CC       stabilized and much more processive (By similarity). {ECO:0000250}.
CC   -!- SUBUNIT: Binds to bovine CCNT1/cyclin-T1. {ECO:0000250}.
CC   -!- SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Host nucleus, host nucleolus {ECO:0000250}.
CC   -!- ALTERNATIVE PRODUCTS:
CC       Event=Alternative splicing; Named isoforms=2;
CC       Name=Long;
CC         IsoId=Q82854-1; Sequence=Displayed;
CC       Name=Short;
CC         IsoId=Q82854-2; Sequence=VSP_022398;
CC   -!- MISCELLANEOUS: Binds also to BIV and HIV TAR RNAs.
CC   -!- SIMILARITY: Belongs to the lentiviruses Tat family. {ECO:0000305}.
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DR   EMBL; U21603; AAA64392.1; -; Genomic_RNA.
DR   EMBL; U21603; AAA64395.1; -; Genomic_RNA.
DR   PDB; 1ZBN; NMR; -; B=65-81.
DR   PDBsum; 1ZBN; -.
DR   SMR; Q82854; -.
DR   EvolutionaryTrace; Q82854; -.
DR   Proteomes; UP000246436; Genome.
DR   GO; GO:0044196; C:host cell nucleolus; IEA:UniProtKB-SubCell.
DR   GO; GO:0003723; F:RNA binding; IEA:UniProtKB-KW.
DR   GO; GO:0001070; F:RNA-binding transcription regulator activity; IEA:InterPro.
DR   GO; GO:0050434; P:positive regulation of viral transcription; IEA:InterPro.
DR   Gene3D; 4.10.20.10; -; 1.
DR   InterPro; IPR001831; IV_Tat.
DR   InterPro; IPR036963; Tat_dom_sf.
DR   Pfam; PF00539; Tat; 1.
PE   1: Evidence at protein level;
KW   3D-structure; Activator; Alternative splicing; Host nucleus;
KW   Host-virus interaction; Reference proteome; RNA-binding; Transcription;
KW   Transcription regulation.
FT   CHAIN           1..114
FT                   /note="Protein Tat"
FT                   /id="PRO_0000272361"
FT   REGION          38..53
FT                   /note="Cysteine-rich"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000250"
FT   REGION          54..65
FT                   /note="Core"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000250"
FT   MOTIF           66..83
FT                   /note="Nuclear localization signal and RNA-binding (TAR)"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000250"
FT   VAR_SEQ         98..114
FT                   /note="Missing (in isoform Short)"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000305"
FT                   /id="VSP_022398"
FT   STRAND          72..76
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:1ZBN"
SQ   SEQUENCE   114 AA;  12457 MW;  77A7CB6FAF128D5A CRC64;
     MPGPWATTLT FPGHNGGFGG GPKCWLFWNT CAGPRRVCPK CSCPICVWHC QLCFLQKGLG
     IRHDGRRKKR GTRGKGRKIH YARSITESGG QRAPNCASSS ASCQTWALKH GINC