ID   TAT_SIVSP               Reviewed;         128 AA.
AC   P19507;
DT   01-FEB-1991, integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot.
DT   01-FEB-1991, sequence version 1.
DT   23-FEB-2022, entry version 102.
DE   RecName: Full=Protein Tat;
DE   AltName: Full=Transactivating regulatory protein;
GN   Name=tat;
OS   Simian immunodeficiency virus (isolate PBj14/BCL-3) (SIV-sm) (Simian
OS   immunodeficiency virus sooty mangabey monkey).
OC   Viruses; Riboviria; Pararnavirae; Artverviricota; Revtraviricetes;
OC   Ortervirales; Retroviridae; Orthoretrovirinae; Lentivirus.
OX   NCBI_TaxID=11738;
OH   NCBI_TaxID=9527; Cercopithecidae (Old World monkeys).
RN   [1]
RP   NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC RNA].
RX   PubMed=1971917; DOI=10.1038/345636a0;
RA   Dewhurst S., Embretson J.E., Anderson D.C., Mullins J.I., Fultz P.N.;
RT   "Sequence analysis and acute pathogenicity of molecularly cloned SIVSMM-
RT   PBj14.";
RL   Nature 345:636-640(1990).
RN   [2]
RP   NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC RNA].
RX   PubMed=1503826; DOI=10.1089/aid.1992.8.1179;
RA   Dewhurst S., Embretson J.E., Fultz P.N., Mullins J.I.;
RT   "Molecular clones from a non-acutely pathogenic derivative of SIVsmmPBj14:
RT   characterization and comparison to acutely pathogenic clones.";
RL   AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses 8:1179-1187(1992).
CC   -!- FUNCTION: Nuclear transcriptional activator of viral gene expression,
CC       that is essential for viral transcription from the LTR promoter and
CC       replication. Acts as a sequence-specific molecular adapter, directing
CC       components of the cellular transcription machinery to the viral RNA to
CC       promote processive transcription elongation by the RNA polymerase II
CC       (RNA pol II) complex, thereby increasing the level of full-length
CC       transcripts. In the absence of Tat, the RNA Pol II generates short or
CC       non-processive transcripts that terminate at approximately 60 bp from
CC       the initiation site. Tat associates with the CCNT1/cyclin-T1 component
CC       of the P-TEFb complex (CDK9 and CCNT1), which promotes RNA chain
CC       elongation. This binding increases Tat's affinity for a hairpin
CC       structure at the 5'-end of all nascent viral mRNAs referred to as the
CC       transactivation responsive RNA element (TAR RNA) and allows Tat/P-TEFb
CC       complex to bind cooperatively to TAR RNA. The CDK9 component of P-TEFb
CC       and other Tat-activated kinases hyperphosphorylate the C-terminus of
CC       RNA Pol II that becomes stabilized and much more processive (By
CC       similarity). {ECO:0000250}.
CC   -!- FUNCTION: Extracellular circulating Tat can be endocytosed by
CC       surrounding uninfected cells via the binding to several surface
CC       receptors. Endosomal low pH allows Tat to cross the endosome membrane
CC       to enter the cytosol and eventually further translocate into the
CC       nucleus, thereby inducing severe cell dysfunctions ranging from cell
CC       activation to cell death. Through (By similarity). {ECO:0000250}.
CC   -!- SUBUNIT: Interacts with host CCNT1. Associates with the P-TEFb complex
CC       composed at least of Tat, P-TEFb (CDK9 and CCNT1), TAR RNA, RNA Pol II.
CC       Interacts with CCNT2; the resulting complex is unable to bind to TAR
CC       RNA (By similarity). {ECO:0000250}.
CC   -!- SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Host nucleus, host nucleolus {ECO:0000250}.
CC   -!- SIMILARITY: Belongs to the lentiviruses Tat family. {ECO:0000305}.
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DR   EMBL; L03295; AAB59768.1; -; Genomic_RNA.
DR   EMBL; L03298; AAA47775.1; -; Genomic_RNA.
DR   EMBL; M31325; AAA47750.1; -; Genomic_RNA.
DR   PRIDE; P19507; -.
DR   Proteomes; UP000007221; Genome.
DR   GO; GO:0044196; C:host cell nucleolus; IEA:UniProtKB-SubCell.
DR   GO; GO:0003723; F:RNA binding; IEA:UniProtKB-KW.
DR   GO; GO:0001070; F:RNA-binding transcription regulator activity; IEA:InterPro.
DR   GO; GO:0050434; P:positive regulation of viral transcription; IEA:InterPro.
DR   Gene3D; 4.10.20.10; -; 1.
DR   InterPro; IPR001831; IV_Tat.
DR   InterPro; IPR036963; Tat_dom_sf.
DR   Pfam; PF00539; Tat; 1.
DR   PRINTS; PR00055; HIVTATDOMAIN.
PE   3: Inferred from homology;
KW   Activator; Host nucleus; Host-virus interaction; Reference proteome;
KW   RNA-binding; Transcription; Transcription regulation.
FT   CHAIN           1..128
FT                   /note="Protein Tat"
FT                   /id="PRO_0000085387"
FT   REGION          1..34
FT                   /note="Disordered"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000256|SAM:MobiDB-lite"
FT   REGION          50..66
FT                   /note="Cysteine-rich"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000250"
FT   REGION          67..77
FT                   /note="Core"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000250"
FT   REGION          79..128
FT                   /note="Disordered"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000256|SAM:MobiDB-lite"
FT   MOTIF           78..82
FT                   /note="Nuclear localization signal, and RNA-binding (TAR)"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000255"
FT   COMPBIAS        1..24
FT                   /note="Basic and acidic residues"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000256|SAM:MobiDB-lite"
FT   COMPBIAS        102..119
FT                   /note="Basic and acidic residues"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000256|SAM:MobiDB-lite"
SQ   SEQUENCE   128 AA;  14582 MW;  9DC6A467927D4403 CRC64;
     METPLKEQES SLESSREHSS SISEVDADTP ESASLEEEIL SQLYRPLEAC YNKCYCKRCC
     YHCQHCFLKK GLGICYEQQR RRTPKKTKAN TSSASDKSLS RRARNCQPKK EKKETVEAEV
     ATDLGLGR