TBA4A_BOVIN
ID TBA4A_BOVIN Reviewed; 448 AA.
AC P81948; Q17QT1; Q5E986;
DT 31-AUG-2004, integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot.
DT 30-MAY-2006, sequence version 2.
DT 03-AUG-2022, entry version 139.
DE RecName: Full=Tubulin alpha-4A chain;
DE AltName: Full=Alpha-tubulin 1;
DE AltName: Full=Tubulin alpha-1 chain;
GN Name=TUBA4A; Synonyms=TUBA1;
OS Bos taurus (Bovine).
OC Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia;
OC Eutheria; Laurasiatheria; Artiodactyla; Ruminantia; Pecora; Bovidae;
OC Bovinae; Bos.
OX NCBI_TaxID=9913 {ECO:0000305};
RN [1]
RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA].
RX PubMed=16305752; DOI=10.1186/1471-2164-6-166;
RA Harhay G.P., Sonstegard T.S., Keele J.W., Heaton M.P., Clawson M.L.,
RA Snelling W.M., Wiedmann R.T., Van Tassell C.P., Smith T.P.L.;
RT "Characterization of 954 bovine full-CDS cDNA sequences.";
RL BMC Genomics 6:166-166(2005).
RN [2]
RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA].
RC STRAIN=Hereford; TISSUE=Hippocampus;
RG NIH - Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC) project;
RL Submitted (JUN-2006) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases.
RN [3] {ECO:0000305}
RP PROTEIN SEQUENCE OF 430-448.
RC TISSUE=Brain cortex;
RX PubMed=9571153; DOI=10.1006/bbrc.1998.8426;
RA Banerjee A., Kasmala L.T.;
RT "Differential assembly kinetics of alpha-tubulin isoforms in the presence
RT of paclitaxel.";
RL Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 245:349-351(1998).
CC -!- FUNCTION: Tubulin is the major constituent of microtubules. It binds
CC two moles of GTP, one at an exchangeable site on the beta chain and one
CC at a non-exchangeable site on the alpha chain.
CC -!- SUBUNIT: Dimer of alpha and beta chains. A typical microtubule is a
CC hollow water-filled tube with an outer diameter of 25 nm and an inner
CC diameter of 15 nM. Alpha-beta heterodimers associate head-to-tail to
CC form protofilaments running lengthwise along the microtubule wall with
CC the beta-tubulin subunit facing the microtubule plus end conferring a
CC structural polarity. Microtubules usually have 13 protofilaments but
CC different protofilament numbers can be found in some organisms and
CC specialized cells. Interacts with CFAP157 (By similarity).
CC {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P68368}.
CC -!- INTERACTION:
CC P81948; P46065: GUCA1A; NbExp=2; IntAct=EBI-6943159, EBI-6943108;
CC -!- SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton.
CC -!- DOMAIN: The MREC motif may be critical for tubulin autoregulation.
CC {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P68363}.
CC -!- PTM: Some glutamate residues at the C-terminus are polyglycylated,
CC resulting in polyglycine chains on the gamma-carboxyl group.
CC Glycylation is mainly limited to tubulin incorporated into axonemes
CC (cilia and flagella) whereas glutamylation is prevalent in neuronal
CC cells, centrioles, axonemes, and the mitotic spindle. Both
CC modifications can coexist on the same protein on adjacent residues, and
CC lowering polyglycylation levels increases polyglutamylation, and
CC reciprocally. Cilia and flagella glycylation is required for their
CC stability and maintenance. Flagella glycylation controls sperm
CC motility. {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P68368}.
CC -!- PTM: Some glutamate residues at the C-terminus are polyglutamylated,
CC resulting in polyglutamate chains on the gamma-carboxyl group (By
CC similarity). Polyglutamylation plays a key role in microtubule severing
CC by spastin (SPAST). SPAST preferentially recognizes and acts on
CC microtubules decorated with short polyglutamate tails: severing
CC activity by SPAST increases as the number of glutamates per tubulin
CC rises from one to eight, but decreases beyond this glutamylation
CC threshold (By similarity). Glutamylation is also involved in cilia
CC motility (By similarity). {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P68368,
CC ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q71U36}.
CC -!- PTM: Acetylation of alpha chains at Lys-40 is located inside the
CC microtubule lumen. This modification has been correlated with increased
CC microtubule stability, intracellular transport and ciliary assembly.
CC {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q71U36}.
CC -!- PTM: Methylation of alpha chains at Lys-40 is found in mitotic
CC microtubules and is required for normal mitosis and cytokinesis
CC contributing to genomic stability. {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P68363}.
CC -!- MISCELLANEOUS: This tubulin does not have a C-terminal tyrosine.
CC {ECO:0000305}.
CC -!- SIMILARITY: Belongs to the tubulin family. {ECO:0000305}.
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DR EMBL; BT021034; AAX09051.1; -; mRNA.
DR EMBL; BC118199; AAI18200.1; -; mRNA.
DR RefSeq; NP_001071626.1; NM_001078158.1.
DR AlphaFoldDB; P81948; -.
DR SMR; P81948; -.
DR CORUM; P81948; -.
DR IntAct; P81948; 8.
DR MINT; P81948; -.
DR STRING; 9913.ENSBTAP00000003192; -.
DR PaxDb; P81948; -.
DR PeptideAtlas; P81948; -.
DR PRIDE; P81948; -.
DR Ensembl; ENSBTAT00000085322; ENSBTAP00000065307; ENSBTAG00000030974.
DR GeneID; 777775; -.
DR KEGG; bta:777775; -.
DR CTD; 7277; -.
DR VEuPathDB; HostDB:ENSBTAG00000030974; -.
DR VGNC; VGNC:49986; TUBA4A.
DR eggNOG; KOG1376; Eukaryota.
DR GeneTree; ENSGT00950000183165; -.
DR HOGENOM; CLU_015718_0_0_1; -.
DR InParanoid; P81948; -.
DR OMA; ICHLHIG; -.
DR OrthoDB; 514396at2759; -.
DR TreeFam; TF300314; -.
DR Proteomes; UP000009136; Chromosome 2.
DR Bgee; ENSBTAG00000030974; Expressed in choroid plexus and 104 other tissues.
DR ExpressionAtlas; P81948; baseline.
DR GO; GO:0005737; C:cytoplasm; IBA:GO_Central.
DR GO; GO:0005874; C:microtubule; IBA:GO_Central.
DR GO; GO:0005525; F:GTP binding; IBA:GO_Central.
DR GO; GO:0019901; F:protein kinase binding; IEA:Ensembl.
DR GO; GO:0005200; F:structural constituent of cytoskeleton; IBA:GO_Central.
DR GO; GO:0000226; P:microtubule cytoskeleton organization; IBA:GO_Central.
DR GO; GO:0007017; P:microtubule-based process; IEA:InterPro.
DR GO; GO:0000278; P:mitotic cell cycle; IBA:GO_Central.
DR Gene3D; 1.10.287.600; -; 1.
DR Gene3D; 3.30.1330.20; -; 1.
DR Gene3D; 3.40.50.1440; -; 1.
DR InterPro; IPR002452; Alpha_tubulin.
DR InterPro; IPR008280; Tub_FtsZ_C.
DR InterPro; IPR000217; Tubulin.
DR InterPro; IPR037103; Tubulin/FtsZ-like_C.
DR InterPro; IPR018316; Tubulin/FtsZ_2-layer-sand-dom.
DR InterPro; IPR036525; Tubulin/FtsZ_GTPase_sf.
DR InterPro; IPR023123; Tubulin_C.
DR InterPro; IPR017975; Tubulin_CS.
DR InterPro; IPR003008; Tubulin_FtsZ_GTPase.
DR PANTHER; PTHR11588; PTHR11588; 1.
DR Pfam; PF00091; Tubulin; 1.
DR Pfam; PF03953; Tubulin_C; 1.
DR PRINTS; PR01162; ALPHATUBULIN.
DR PRINTS; PR01161; TUBULIN.
DR SMART; SM00864; Tubulin; 1.
DR SMART; SM00865; Tubulin_C; 1.
DR SUPFAM; SSF52490; SSF52490; 1.
DR SUPFAM; SSF55307; SSF55307; 1.
DR PROSITE; PS00227; TUBULIN; 1.
PE 1: Evidence at protein level;
KW Acetylation; Cytoplasm; Cytoskeleton; Direct protein sequencing;
KW GTP-binding; Methylation; Microtubule; Nitration; Nucleotide-binding;
KW Phosphoprotein; Reference proteome.
FT CHAIN 1..448
FT /note="Tubulin alpha-4A chain"
FT /id="PRO_0000048115"
FT MOTIF 1..4
FT /note="MREC motif"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P68363"
FT BINDING 142..148
FT /ligand="GTP"
FT /ligand_id="ChEBI:CHEBI:37565"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255"
FT MOD_RES 40
FT /note="N6-acetyllysine"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P68366"
FT MOD_RES 48
FT /note="Phosphoserine"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P68366"
FT MOD_RES 83
FT /note="3'-nitrotyrosine"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P68368"
FT MOD_RES 432
FT /note="Phosphotyrosine"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q9BQE3"
FT MOD_RES 439
FT /note="Phosphoserine"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q5XIF6"
SQ SEQUENCE 448 AA; 49924 MW; C00ED90A183FE8F2 CRC64;
MRECISVHVG QAGVQMGNAC WELYCLEHGI QPDGQMPSDK TIGGGDDSFT TFFCETGAGK
HVPRAVFVDL EPTVIDEIRN GPYRQLFHPE QLITGKEDAA NNYARGHYTI GKEIIDPVLD
RIRKLSDQCT GLQGFLVFHS FGGGTGSGFT SLLMERLSVD YGKKSKLEFS IYPAPQVSTA
VVEPYNSILT THTTLEHSDC AFMVDNEAIY DICRRNLDIE RPTYTNLNRL ISQIVSSITA
SLRFDGALNV DLTEFQTNLV PYPRIHFPLA TYAPVISAEK AYHEQLSVAE ITNACFEPAN
QMVKCDPRHG KYMACCLLYR GDVVPKDVNA AIAAIKTKRS IQFVDWCPTG FKVGINYQPP
TVVPGGDLAK VQRAVCMLSN TTAIAEAWAR LDHKFDLMYA KRAFVHWYVG EGMEEGEFSE
AREDMAALEK DYEEVGIDSY EDEDEGEE
