ID   TEX19_HUMAN             Reviewed;         164 AA.
AC   Q8NA77;
DT   18-MAR-2008, integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot.
DT   01-OCT-2002, sequence version 1.
DT   03-AUG-2022, entry version 124.
DE   RecName: Full=Testis-expressed protein 19;
GN   Name=TEX19;
OS   Homo sapiens (Human).
OC   Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia;
OC   Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae;
OC   Homo.
OX   NCBI_TaxID=9606;
RN   [1]
RP   NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA].
RC   TISSUE=Testis;
RX   PubMed=14702039; DOI=10.1038/ng1285;
RA   Ota T., Suzuki Y., Nishikawa T., Otsuki T., Sugiyama T., Irie R.,
RA   Wakamatsu A., Hayashi K., Sato H., Nagai K., Kimura K., Makita H.,
RA   Sekine M., Obayashi M., Nishi T., Shibahara T., Tanaka T., Ishii S.,
RA   Yamamoto J., Saito K., Kawai Y., Isono Y., Nakamura Y., Nagahari K.,
RA   Murakami K., Yasuda T., Iwayanagi T., Wagatsuma M., Shiratori A., Sudo H.,
RA   Hosoiri T., Kaku Y., Kodaira H., Kondo H., Sugawara M., Takahashi M.,
RA   Kanda K., Yokoi T., Furuya T., Kikkawa E., Omura Y., Abe K., Kamihara K.,
RA   Katsuta N., Sato K., Tanikawa M., Yamazaki M., Ninomiya K., Ishibashi T.,
RA   Yamashita H., Murakawa K., Fujimori K., Tanai H., Kimata M., Watanabe M.,
RA   Hiraoka S., Chiba Y., Ishida S., Ono Y., Takiguchi S., Watanabe S.,
RA   Yosida M., Hotuta T., Kusano J., Kanehori K., Takahashi-Fujii A., Hara H.,
RA   Tanase T.-O., Nomura Y., Togiya S., Komai F., Hara R., Takeuchi K.,
RA   Arita M., Imose N., Musashino K., Yuuki H., Oshima A., Sasaki N.,
RA   Aotsuka S., Yoshikawa Y., Matsunawa H., Ichihara T., Shiohata N., Sano S.,
RA   Moriya S., Momiyama H., Satoh N., Takami S., Terashima Y., Suzuki O.,
RA   Nakagawa S., Senoh A., Mizoguchi H., Goto Y., Shimizu F., Wakebe H.,
RA   Hishigaki H., Watanabe T., Sugiyama A., Takemoto M., Kawakami B.,
RA   Yamazaki M., Watanabe K., Kumagai A., Itakura S., Fukuzumi Y., Fujimori Y.,
RA   Komiyama M., Tashiro H., Tanigami A., Fujiwara T., Ono T., Yamada K.,
RA   Fujii Y., Ozaki K., Hirao M., Ohmori Y., Kawabata A., Hikiji T.,
RA   Kobatake N., Inagaki H., Ikema Y., Okamoto S., Okitani R., Kawakami T.,
RA   Noguchi S., Itoh T., Shigeta K., Senba T., Matsumura K., Nakajima Y.,
RA   Mizuno T., Morinaga M., Sasaki M., Togashi T., Oyama M., Hata H.,
RA   Watanabe M., Komatsu T., Mizushima-Sugano J., Satoh T., Shirai Y.,
RA   Takahashi Y., Nakagawa K., Okumura K., Nagase T., Nomura N., Kikuchi H.,
RA   Masuho Y., Yamashita R., Nakai K., Yada T., Nakamura Y., Ohara O.,
RA   Isogai T., Sugano S.;
RT   "Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human
RT   cDNAs.";
RL   Nat. Genet. 36:40-45(2004).
RN   [2]
RP   NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA].
RA   Mural R.J., Istrail S., Sutton G.G., Florea L., Halpern A.L., Mobarry C.M.,
RA   Lippert R., Walenz B., Shatkay H., Dew I., Miller J.R., Flanigan M.J.,
RA   Edwards N.J., Bolanos R., Fasulo D., Halldorsson B.V., Hannenhalli S.,
RA   Turner R., Yooseph S., Lu F., Nusskern D.R., Shue B.C., Zheng X.H.,
RA   Zhong F., Delcher A.L., Huson D.H., Kravitz S.A., Mouchard L., Reinert K.,
RA   Remington K.A., Clark A.G., Waterman M.S., Eichler E.E., Adams M.D.,
RA   Hunkapiller M.W., Myers E.W., Venter J.C.;
RL   Submitted (JUL-2005) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases.
RN   [3]
RP   NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA].
RC   TISSUE=Brain, Lymph, and Testis;
RX   PubMed=15489334; DOI=10.1101/gr.2596504;
RG   The MGC Project Team;
RT   "The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project:
RT   the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).";
RL   Genome Res. 14:2121-2127(2004).
RN   [4]
RP   TISSUE SPECIFICITY.
RX   PubMed=18096721; DOI=10.1634/stemcells.2007-0772;
RA   Kuntz S., Kieffer E., Bianchetti L., Lamoureux N., Fuhrmann G., Viville S.;
RT   "Tex19, a mammalian-specific protein with a restricted expression in
RT   pluripotent stem cells and germ line.";
RL   Stem Cells 26:734-744(2008).
RN   [5]
RP   INDUCTION, AND TISSUE SPECIFICITY.
RX   PubMed=18160741; DOI=10.2164/jandrol.107.004168;
RA   Bayne R.A., Forster T., Burgess S.T., Craigon M., Walton M.J., Baird D.T.,
RA   Ghazal P., Anderson R.A.;
RT   "Molecular profiling of the human testis reveals stringent pathway-specific
RT   regulation of RNA expression following gonadotropin suppression and
RT   progestogen treatment.";
RL   J. Androl. 29:389-403(2008).
RN   [6]
RP   FUNCTION, AND INTERACTION WITH LIRE1.
RX   PubMed=28806172; DOI=10.7554/elife.26152;
RA   MacLennan M., Garcia-Canadas M., Reichmann J., Khazina E., Wagner G.,
RA   Playfoot C.J., Salvador-Palomeque C., Mann A.R., Peressini P., Sanchez L.,
RA   Dobie K., Read D., Hung C.C., Eskeland R., Meehan R.R., Weichenrieder O.,
RA   Garcia-Perez J.L., Adams I.R.;
RT   "Mobilization of LINE-1 retrotransposons is restricted by Tex19.1 in mouse
RT   embryonic stem cells.";
RL   Elife 6:0-0(2017).
CC   -!- FUNCTION: Required during spermatogenesis and placenta development,
CC       participating in the repression of retrotransposable elements and
CC       prevent their mobilization. Collaborates with the Piwi-interacting RNA
CC       (piRNA) pathway, which mediates the repression of transposable elements
CC       during meiosis by forming complexes composed of piRNAs and Piwi
CC       proteins. Interacts with Piwi proteins and directly binds piRNAs, a
CC       class of 24 to 30 nucleotide RNAs that are generated by a Dicer-
CC       independent mechanism and are primarily derived from transposons and
CC       other repeated sequence elements. Also during spermatogenesis,
CC       promotes, with UBR2, SPO11-dependent recombination foci to accumulate
CC       and drive robust homologous chromosome synapsis (By similarity).
CC       Interacts with LINE-1 retrotransposon encoded LIRE1, stimulates LIRE1
CC       polyubiquitination, mediated by UBR2, and degradation, inhibiting LINE-
CC       1 retrotransposon mobilization (PubMed:28806172).
CC       {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q99MV2, ECO:0000269|PubMed:28806172}.
CC   -!- SUBUNIT: Interacts with UBR2; does not lead to TEX19 degradation and
CC       stabilizes it. Interacts with piRNA-associated proteins DDX4, EDC4,
CC       MAEL, PIWIL1, PIWIL2, RANBP9 and TDRD6 (By similarity). Interacts with
CC       L1RE1 (PubMed:28806172). {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q99MV2,
CC       ECO:0000269|PubMed:28806172}.
CC   -!- INTERACTION:
CC       Q8NA77; P54252: ATXN3; NbExp=3; IntAct=EBI-13323487, EBI-946046;
CC       Q8NA77; P28799: GRN; NbExp=3; IntAct=EBI-13323487, EBI-747754;
CC       Q8NA77; O60333-2: KIF1B; NbExp=3; IntAct=EBI-13323487, EBI-10975473;
CC       Q8NA77; Q9Y3C5: RNF11; NbExp=3; IntAct=EBI-13323487, EBI-396669;
CC       Q8NA77; O76024: WFS1; NbExp=3; IntAct=EBI-13323487, EBI-720609;
CC       Q8NA77; Q9ULM2: ZNF490; NbExp=3; IntAct=EBI-13323487, EBI-1105370;
CC       Q8NA77; Q5T619: ZNF648; NbExp=3; IntAct=EBI-13323487, EBI-11985915;
CC   -!- SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q99MV2}.
CC       Note=Was initially reported to localize in the nucleus. However, it was
CC       later shown to localize in cytoplasm only. Cytoplasmic localization is
CC       distinct from the meiotic nuage, also named P granule, a germ-cell-
CC       specific organelle required to repress transposon activity during
CC       meiosis. {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q99MV2}.
CC   -!- TISSUE SPECIFICITY: Expressed in testis. Expressed in undifferentiated
CC       embryonic stem cells. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:18096721,
CC       ECO:0000269|PubMed:18160741}.
CC   -!- INDUCTION: Down-regulated by gonadotropin suppression sufficient to
CC       cause marked suppression of spermatogenesis and additionally
CC       progestogen treatment. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:18160741}.
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DR   EMBL; AK093086; BAC04049.1; -; mRNA.
DR   EMBL; CH471099; EAW89767.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR   EMBL; BC016939; AAH16939.1; -; mRNA.
DR   EMBL; BC036191; AAH36191.1; -; mRNA.
DR   EMBL; BC050391; AAH50391.1; -; mRNA.
DR   EMBL; BC057820; AAH57820.1; -; mRNA.
DR   CCDS; CCDS11809.1; -.
DR   RefSeq; NP_997342.1; NM_207459.3.
DR   RefSeq; XP_016880127.1; XM_017024638.1.
DR   RefSeq; XP_016880128.1; XM_017024639.1.
DR   AlphaFoldDB; Q8NA77; -.
DR   BioGRID; 134673; 52.
DR   IntAct; Q8NA77; 11.
DR   STRING; 9606.ENSP00000331500; -.
DR   PhosphoSitePlus; Q8NA77; -.
DR   BioMuta; TEX19; -.
DR   DMDM; 74729854; -.
DR   PaxDb; Q8NA77; -.
DR   PRIDE; Q8NA77; -.
DR   Antibodypedia; 46403; 52 antibodies from 18 providers.
DR   DNASU; 400629; -.
DR   Ensembl; ENST00000333437.5; ENSP00000331500.4; ENSG00000182459.5.
DR   GeneID; 400629; -.
DR   KEGG; hsa:400629; -.
DR   MANE-Select; ENST00000333437.5; ENSP00000331500.4; NM_207459.4; NP_997342.1.
DR   UCSC; uc002keq.3; human.
DR   CTD; 400629; -.
DR   DisGeNET; 400629; -.
DR   GeneCards; TEX19; -.
DR   HGNC; HGNC:33802; TEX19.
DR   HPA; ENSG00000182459; Tissue enriched (testis).
DR   MIM; 615647; gene.
DR   neXtProt; NX_Q8NA77; -.
DR   OpenTargets; ENSG00000182459; -.
DR   PharmGKB; PA165433159; -.
DR   VEuPathDB; HostDB:ENSG00000182459; -.
DR   eggNOG; ENOG502T8GZ; Eukaryota.
DR   GeneTree; ENSGT00390000014279; -.
DR   HOGENOM; CLU_1673268_0_0_1; -.
DR   InParanoid; Q8NA77; -.
DR   OMA; GLLTCSH; -.
DR   OrthoDB; 1307487at2759; -.
DR   PhylomeDB; Q8NA77; -.
DR   TreeFam; TF338441; -.
DR   PathwayCommons; Q8NA77; -.
DR   SignaLink; Q8NA77; -.
DR   BioGRID-ORCS; 400629; 33 hits in 1079 CRISPR screens.
DR   GenomeRNAi; 400629; -.
DR   Pharos; Q8NA77; Tbio.
DR   PRO; PR:Q8NA77; -.
DR   Proteomes; UP000005640; Chromosome 17.
DR   RNAct; Q8NA77; protein.
DR   Bgee; ENSG00000182459; Expressed in secondary oocyte and 23 other tissues.
DR   Genevisible; Q8NA77; HS.
DR   GO; GO:0005737; C:cytoplasm; IBA:GO_Central.
DR   GO; GO:0005634; C:nucleus; IBA:GO_Central.
DR   GO; GO:0034584; F:piRNA binding; ISS:UniProtKB.
DR   GO; GO:0030154; P:cell differentiation; IEA:UniProtKB-KW.
DR   GO; GO:0008584; P:male gonad development; IBA:GO_Central.
DR   GO; GO:0007140; P:male meiotic nuclear division; ISS:UniProtKB.
DR   GO; GO:0010529; P:negative regulation of transposition; IDA:UniProtKB.
DR   GO; GO:0001890; P:placenta development; IBA:GO_Central.
DR   GO; GO:0007131; P:reciprocal meiotic recombination; ISS:UniProtKB.
DR   GO; GO:0007283; P:spermatogenesis; ISS:UniProtKB.
DR   InterPro; IPR029093; TEX19.
DR   PANTHER; PTHR31387; PTHR31387; 1.
DR   Pfam; PF15553; TEX19; 1.
PE   1: Evidence at protein level;
KW   Cytoplasm; Differentiation; Meiosis; Reference proteome; Spermatogenesis.
FT   CHAIN           1..164
FT                   /note="Testis-expressed protein 19"
FT                   /id="PRO_0000325962"
FT   REGION          1..68
FT                   /note="Interaction with LIRE1"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:28806172"
FT   REGION          56..112
FT                   /note="Disordered"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000256|SAM:MobiDB-lite"
FT   REGION          111..159
FT                   /note="Important for interaction with piRNA"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q99MV2"
FT   COMPBIAS        74..92
FT                   /note="Polar residues"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000256|SAM:MobiDB-lite"
SQ   SEQUENCE   164 AA;  18469 MW;  C87C40B0E5989EEA CRC64;
     MCPPVSMRYE EEGMSYLYAS WMYQLQHGDQ LSICFTCFKA AFLDFKDLLE SEDWEEDNWD
     PELMEHTEAE SEQEGSSGME LSWGQSPGQP VQGGSEAWGP GTLAAAPEGL EDAGLDPHFV
     PTELWPQEAV PLGLGLEDAD WTQGLPWRFE ELLTCSHWPS FFPS