THIO1_CAEEL
ID THIO1_CAEEL Reviewed; 115 AA.
AC Q09433; Q306X0; Q7YZF7;
DT 01-NOV-1995, integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot.
DT 01-NOV-1995, sequence version 1.
DT 03-AUG-2022, entry version 142.
DE RecName: Full=Thioredoxin-1;
GN Name=trx-1; ORFNames=B0228.5;
OS Caenorhabditis elegans.
OC Eukaryota; Metazoa; Ecdysozoa; Nematoda; Chromadorea; Rhabditida;
OC Rhabditina; Rhabditomorpha; Rhabditoidea; Rhabditidae; Peloderinae;
OC Caenorhabditis.
OX NCBI_TaxID=6239;
RN [1]
RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORMS A AND B), FUNCTION, TISSUE
RP SPECIFICITY, AND DISRUPTION PHENOTYPE.
RX PubMed=16387300; DOI=10.1016/j.febslet.2005.12.046;
RA Miranda-Vizuete A., Gonzalez J.C., Gahmon G., Burghoorn J., Navas P.,
RA Swoboda P.;
RT "Lifespan decrease in a Caenorhabditis elegans mutant lacking TRX-1, a
RT thioredoxin expressed in ASJ sensory neurons.";
RL FEBS Lett. 580:484-490(2006).
RN [2]
RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA].
RC STRAIN=Bristol N2;
RX PubMed=9851916; DOI=10.1126/science.282.5396.2012;
RG The C. elegans sequencing consortium;
RT "Genome sequence of the nematode C. elegans: a platform for investigating
RT biology.";
RL Science 282:2012-2018(1998).
RN [3]
RP FUNCTION, TISSUE SPECIFICITY, DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE, AND DISRUPTION
RP PHENOTYPE.
RX PubMed=16324156; DOI=10.1111/j.1365-2443.2005.00913.x;
RA Jee C., Vanoaica L., Lee J., Park B.J., Ahnn J.;
RT "Thioredoxin is related to life span regulation and oxidative stress
RT response in Caenorhabditis elegans.";
RL Genes Cells 10:1203-1210(2005).
RN [4]
RP FUNCTION, TISSUE SPECIFICITY, INDUCTION BY DIETARY RESTRICTION, AND
RP DISRUPTION PHENOTYPE.
RX PubMed=21334311; DOI=10.1016/j.bbrc.2011.02.079;
RA Fierro-Gonzalez J.C., Gonzalez-Barrios M., Miranda-Vizuete A., Swoboda P.;
RT "The thioredoxin TRX-1 regulates adult lifespan extension induced by
RT dietary restriction in Caenorhabditis elegans.";
RL Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 406:478-482(2011).
RN [5]
RP FUNCTION, TISSUE SPECIFICITY, DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE, INDUCTION BY DAUER
RP FORMATION, DISRUPTION PHENOTYPE, AND MUTAGENESIS OF 39-CYS--CYS-42.
RX PubMed=21304598; DOI=10.1371/journal.pone.0016561;
RA Fierro-Gonzalez J.C., Cornils A., Alcedo J., Miranda-Vizuete A.,
RA Swoboda P.;
RT "The thioredoxin TRX-1 modulates the function of the insulin-like
RT neuropeptide DAF-28 during dauer formation in Caenorhabditis elegans.";
RL PLoS ONE 6:E16561-E16561(2011).
RN [6]
RP FUNCTION, DISRUPTION PHENOTYPE, AND MUTAGENESIS OF CYS-39 AND CYS-73.
RX PubMed=26920757; DOI=10.1534/genetics.115.185272;
RA McCallum K.C., Liu B., Fierro-Gonzalez J.C., Swoboda P., Arur S.,
RA Miranda-Vizuete A., Garsin D.A.;
RT "TRX-1 Regulates SKN-1 Nuclear Localization Cell Non-autonomously in
RT Caenorhabditis elegans.";
RL Genetics 203:387-402(2016).
RN [7]
RP FUNCTION, AND DISRUPTION PHENOTYPE.
RX PubMed=30014846; DOI=10.7554/elife.36833;
RA Hao Y., Yang W., Ren J., Hall Q., Zhang Y., Kaplan J.M.;
RT "Thioredoxin shapes the C. elegans sensory response to Pseudomonas produced
RT nitric oxide.";
RL Elife 7:0-0(2018).
CC -!- FUNCTION: Participates in various redox reactions through the
CC reversible oxidation of its active center dithiol to a disulfide and
CC catalyzes dithiol-disulfide exchange reactions (PubMed:16324156,
CC PubMed:16387300). Shown to facilitate the reduction of insulin
CC disulfide bonds (PubMed:16324156, PubMed:16387300). Might play a role
CC in the reversible nitrosylation of cysteine residues in target
CC proteins, and thereby contributing to the response to intracellular
CC nitric oxide (PubMed:30014846). Shapes the ASJ sensory neuron biphasic
CC response to nitric oxide (NO) exposure; trans-nitrosylation activity
CC might inhibit calcium flux to the cytoplasm in ASJ neurons when exposed
CC to a NO stimulus, whereas de-nitrosylation activity might promote
CC calcium flux when NO is diminished (PubMed:30014846). By regulating the
CC NO-induced ASJ sensory neuron activity, mediates the avoidance response
CC to NO-producing organisms like P.aeruginosa (PubMed:30014846).
CC Positively regulates life span extension under normal and caloric
CC restriction conditions, dauer formation and the oxidative stress
CC response (PubMed:16387300, PubMed:16324156, PubMed:21334311,
CC PubMed:21304598, PubMed:26920757). Contributes to the down-regulation
CC of expression of the insulin-like neuropeptide daf-28 in the ASJ
CC neurons in a redox-independent fashion, thereby promoting dauer
CC formation (PubMed:21304598). Negatively regulates the nuclear
CC localization of the intestinal skn-1 transcription factor in a p38 MAPK
CC pathway-dependent and redox-independent fashion (PubMed:26920757).
CC {ECO:0000269|PubMed:16324156, ECO:0000269|PubMed:16387300,
CC ECO:0000269|PubMed:21304598, ECO:0000269|PubMed:21334311,
CC ECO:0000269|PubMed:26920757, ECO:0000269|PubMed:30014846}.
CC -!- ALTERNATIVE PRODUCTS:
CC Event=Alternative splicing; Named isoforms=2;
CC Name=a;
CC IsoId=Q09433-1; Sequence=Displayed;
CC Name=b;
CC IsoId=Q09433-2; Sequence=VSP_019285;
CC -!- TISSUE SPECIFICITY: Expressed in ASJ and ASI ciliated sensory neurons
CC (PubMed:16387300, PubMed:21304598, PubMed:16324156, PubMed:21334311).
CC Expressed in the intestine (at protein level) (PubMed:16324156).
CC {ECO:0000269|PubMed:16324156, ECO:0000269|PubMed:16387300,
CC ECO:0000269|PubMed:21304598, ECO:0000269|PubMed:21334311}.
CC -!- DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE: Expressed in larval stages L2 and L3 and increased
CC expression during dauer stage (PubMed:21304598). Expressed in adult
CC animals with increased expression in 10-day-old animals
CC (PubMed:16324156). {ECO:0000269|PubMed:16324156,
CC ECO:0000269|PubMed:21304598}.
CC -!- INDUCTION: Up-regulated in response to dietary restriction and during
CC dauer formation. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:21304598,
CC ECO:0000269|PubMed:21334311}.
CC -!- DISRUPTION PHENOTYPE: Increased nitric oxide-evoked calcium flux to
CC cytoplasm in ASJ sensory neurons (PubMed:30014846). Decreased avoidance
CC of P.aeruginosa (PubMed:30014846). Decrease in lifespan
CC (PubMed:16387300, PubMed:16324156). Suppression of lifespan extension
CC induced by dietary deprivation or in an eat-2(ad1116) mutant background
CC and partial suppression in a daf-2(e1370) mutant background
CC (PubMed:21334311). Enhancement of the constitutive dauer formation
CC phenotype in a daf-11(ks67), daf-11(m47), daf-11(sa195), daf-7(e1372),
CC daf-1(e1287) or daf-8(e1393) mutant background at 15 degrees Celsius
CC (PubMed:21304598). Suppression of the constitutive dauer formation
CC phenotype in a daf-11(sa195), daf-28(tm2308) or daf-28(sa191) mutant
CC background at 25 degrees Celsius (PubMed:21304598). Failure in down-
CC regulation of daf-28 expression during dauer stage (PubMed:21304598).
CC Decreased survival when facing oxidative stress upon exposure to sodium
CC arsenite or paraquat (PubMed:26920757, PubMed:16324156). Increased
CC localization of skn-1 to the nuclei of intestinal cells
CC (PubMed:26920757). Suppression of skn-1 nuclear localization in a nsy-
CC 1(ok593), sek-1(km4) or pmk-1(km25) mutant background
CC (PubMed:26920757). {ECO:0000269|PubMed:16324156,
CC ECO:0000269|PubMed:16387300, ECO:0000269|PubMed:21304598,
CC ECO:0000269|PubMed:21334311, ECO:0000269|PubMed:26920757,
CC ECO:0000269|PubMed:30014846}.
CC -!- SIMILARITY: Belongs to the thioredoxin family. {ECO:0000305}.
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DR EMBL; DQ241299; ABB45863.1; -; mRNA.
DR EMBL; DQ241300; ABB45864.1; -; mRNA.
DR EMBL; FO080130; CCD61448.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR EMBL; FO080130; CCD61449.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR PIR; T29044; T29044.
DR RefSeq; NP_001021885.1; NM_001026714.3. [Q09433-1]
DR RefSeq; NP_001021886.1; NM_001026715.4. [Q09433-2]
DR AlphaFoldDB; Q09433; -.
DR SMR; Q09433; -.
DR STRING; 6239.B0228.5a; -.
DR EPD; Q09433; -.
DR PaxDb; Q09433; -.
DR PeptideAtlas; Q09433; -.
DR PRIDE; Q09433; -.
DR EnsemblMetazoa; B0228.5a.1; B0228.5a.1; WBGene00015062. [Q09433-1]
DR EnsemblMetazoa; B0228.5b.1; B0228.5b.1; WBGene00015062. [Q09433-2]
DR GeneID; 181863; -.
DR KEGG; cel:CELE_B0228.5; -.
DR UCSC; B0228.5b; c. elegans. [Q09433-1]
DR CTD; 181863; -.
DR WormBase; B0228.5a; CE01745; WBGene00015062; trx-1. [Q09433-1]
DR WormBase; B0228.5b; CE34629; WBGene00015062; trx-1. [Q09433-2]
DR eggNOG; KOG0907; Eukaryota.
DR HOGENOM; CLU_090389_14_6_1; -.
DR InParanoid; Q09433; -.
DR OMA; HAMADKF; -.
DR OrthoDB; 1482186at2759; -.
DR PhylomeDB; Q09433; -.
DR PRO; PR:Q09433; -.
DR Proteomes; UP000001940; Chromosome II.
DR Bgee; WBGene00015062; Expressed in pharyngeal muscle cell (C elegans) and 3 other tissues.
DR GO; GO:0030424; C:axon; IDA:WormBase.
DR GO; GO:0005737; C:cytoplasm; IDA:WormBase.
DR GO; GO:0030425; C:dendrite; IDA:WormBase.
DR GO; GO:0043025; C:neuronal cell body; IDA:WormBase.
DR GO; GO:0097730; C:non-motile cilium; IDA:WormBase.
DR GO; GO:0005634; C:nucleus; IDA:WormBase.
DR GO; GO:0015035; F:protein-disulfide reductase activity; IDA:WormBase.
DR GO; GO:0008340; P:determination of adult lifespan; IMP:WormBase.
DR InterPro; IPR005746; Thioredoxin.
DR InterPro; IPR036249; Thioredoxin-like_sf.
DR InterPro; IPR017937; Thioredoxin_CS.
DR InterPro; IPR013766; Thioredoxin_domain.
DR Pfam; PF00085; Thioredoxin; 1.
DR PIRSF; PIRSF000077; Thioredoxin; 1.
DR SUPFAM; SSF52833; SSF52833; 1.
DR PROSITE; PS00194; THIOREDOXIN_1; 1.
DR PROSITE; PS51352; THIOREDOXIN_2; 1.
PE 1: Evidence at protein level;
KW Alternative splicing; Disulfide bond; Electron transport;
KW Redox-active center; Reference proteome; Transport.
FT CHAIN 1..115
FT /note="Thioredoxin-1"
FT /id="PRO_0000120027"
FT DOMAIN 2..114
FT /note="Thioredoxin"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255|PROSITE-ProRule:PRU00691"
FT ACT_SITE 39
FT /note="Nucleophile"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P29445"
FT ACT_SITE 42
FT /note="Nucleophile"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P29445"
FT SITE 33
FT /note="Deprotonates C-terminal active site Cys"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000250"
FT SITE 40
FT /note="Contributes to redox potential value"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000250"
FT SITE 41
FT /note="Contributes to redox potential value"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000250"
FT DISULFID 39..42
FT /note="Redox-active"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255|PROSITE-ProRule:PRU00691"
FT VAR_SEQ 2..15
FT /note="LKRCNFKNQVKYFQ -> SLTKEPILELADM (in isoform b)"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000303|PubMed:16387300"
FT /id="VSP_019285"
FT MUTAGEN 39..42
FT /note="CGPC->SGPS: No change in suppression of the
FT constitutive dauer formation phenotype in a daf-28(sa191)
FT mutant background. No impact on skn-1 nuclear
FT localization."
FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:21304598,
FT ECO:0000269|PubMed:26920757"
FT MUTAGEN 39
FT /note="C->S: In nu517; abolishes the calcium flux to the
FT cytoplasm in the ASJ sensory neurons in response to the
FT removal of a nitric oxide stimulus. No defect in
FT P.aeruginosa avoidance."
FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:30014846"
FT MUTAGEN 73
FT /note="C->S: Elimination of the nitric oxide-evoked calcium
FT flux to the cytoplasm in ASJ sensory neurons. Defect in
FT avoidance of P.aeruginosa."
FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:30014846"
SQ SEQUENCE 115 AA; 13323 MW; 073F51A3EA97AD4B CRC64;
MLKRCNFKNQ VKYFQSDFEQ LIRQHPEKII ILDFYATWCG PCKAIAPLYK ELATTHKGII
FCKVDVDEAE DLCSKYDVKM MPTFIFTKNG DAIEALEGCV EDELRQKVLE HVSAQ
