THN21_ARATH
ID THN21_ARATH Reviewed; 134 AA.
AC Q42596; Q8LCH6; Q9C7S9;
DT 01-MAR-2004, integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot.
DT 01-NOV-1996, sequence version 1.
DT 03-AUG-2022, entry version 136.
DE RecName: Full=Thionin-2.1;
DE Contains:
DE RecName: Full=Thionin-2.1;
DE Contains:
DE RecName: Full=Acidic protein;
DE Flags: Precursor;
GN Name=THI2.1; OrderedLocusNames=At1g72260; ORFNames=T9N14.13;
OS Arabidopsis thaliana (Mouse-ear cress).
OC Eukaryota; Viridiplantae; Streptophyta; Embryophyta; Tracheophyta;
OC Spermatophyta; Magnoliopsida; eudicotyledons; Gunneridae; Pentapetalae;
OC rosids; malvids; Brassicales; Brassicaceae; Camelineae; Arabidopsis.
OX NCBI_TaxID=3702;
RN [1]
RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA], TISSUE SPECIFICITY, AND INDUCTION.
RC STRAIN=cv. Columbia;
RX PubMed=8552715; DOI=10.1104/pp.109.3.813;
RA Epple P., Apel K., Bohlmann H.;
RT "An Arabidopsis thaliana thionin gene is inducible via a signal
RT transduction pathway different from that for pathogenesis-related
RT proteins.";
RL Plant Physiol. 109:813-820(1995).
RN [2]
RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA].
RC STRAIN=cv. Columbia;
RX PubMed=11130712; DOI=10.1038/35048500;
RA Theologis A., Ecker J.R., Palm C.J., Federspiel N.A., Kaul S., White O.,
RA Alonso J., Altafi H., Araujo R., Bowman C.L., Brooks S.Y., Buehler E.,
RA Chan A., Chao Q., Chen H., Cheuk R.F., Chin C.W., Chung M.K., Conn L.,
RA Conway A.B., Conway A.R., Creasy T.H., Dewar K., Dunn P., Etgu P.,
RA Feldblyum T.V., Feng J.-D., Fong B., Fujii C.Y., Gill J.E., Goldsmith A.D.,
RA Haas B., Hansen N.F., Hughes B., Huizar L., Hunter J.L., Jenkins J.,
RA Johnson-Hopson C., Khan S., Khaykin E., Kim C.J., Koo H.L.,
RA Kremenetskaia I., Kurtz D.B., Kwan A., Lam B., Langin-Hooper S., Lee A.,
RA Lee J.M., Lenz C.A., Li J.H., Li Y.-P., Lin X., Liu S.X., Liu Z.A.,
RA Luros J.S., Maiti R., Marziali A., Militscher J., Miranda M., Nguyen M.,
RA Nierman W.C., Osborne B.I., Pai G., Peterson J., Pham P.K., Rizzo M.,
RA Rooney T., Rowley D., Sakano H., Salzberg S.L., Schwartz J.R., Shinn P.,
RA Southwick A.M., Sun H., Tallon L.J., Tambunga G., Toriumi M.J., Town C.D.,
RA Utterback T., Van Aken S., Vaysberg M., Vysotskaia V.S., Walker M., Wu D.,
RA Yu G., Fraser C.M., Venter J.C., Davis R.W.;
RT "Sequence and analysis of chromosome 1 of the plant Arabidopsis thaliana.";
RL Nature 408:816-820(2000).
RN [3]
RP GENOME REANNOTATION.
RC STRAIN=cv. Columbia;
RX PubMed=27862469; DOI=10.1111/tpj.13415;
RA Cheng C.Y., Krishnakumar V., Chan A.P., Thibaud-Nissen F., Schobel S.,
RA Town C.D.;
RT "Araport11: a complete reannotation of the Arabidopsis thaliana reference
RT genome.";
RL Plant J. 89:789-804(2017).
RN [4]
RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA].
RC STRAIN=cv. Columbia;
RX PubMed=14593172; DOI=10.1126/science.1088305;
RA Yamada K., Lim J., Dale J.M., Chen H., Shinn P., Palm C.J., Southwick A.M.,
RA Wu H.C., Kim C.J., Nguyen M., Pham P.K., Cheuk R.F., Karlin-Newmann G.,
RA Liu S.X., Lam B., Sakano H., Wu T., Yu G., Miranda M., Quach H.L.,
RA Tripp M., Chang C.H., Lee J.M., Toriumi M.J., Chan M.M., Tang C.C.,
RA Onodera C.S., Deng J.M., Akiyama K., Ansari Y., Arakawa T., Banh J.,
RA Banno F., Bowser L., Brooks S.Y., Carninci P., Chao Q., Choy N., Enju A.,
RA Goldsmith A.D., Gurjal M., Hansen N.F., Hayashizaki Y., Johnson-Hopson C.,
RA Hsuan V.W., Iida K., Karnes M., Khan S., Koesema E., Ishida J., Jiang P.X.,
RA Jones T., Kawai J., Kamiya A., Meyers C., Nakajima M., Narusaka M.,
RA Seki M., Sakurai T., Satou M., Tamse R., Vaysberg M., Wallender E.K.,
RA Wong C., Yamamura Y., Yuan S., Shinozaki K., Davis R.W., Theologis A.,
RA Ecker J.R.;
RT "Empirical analysis of transcriptional activity in the Arabidopsis
RT genome.";
RL Science 302:842-846(2003).
RN [5]
RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA].
RA Brover V.V., Troukhan M.E., Alexandrov N.A., Lu Y.-P., Flavell R.B.,
RA Feldmann K.A.;
RT "Full-length cDNA from Arabidopsis thaliana.";
RL Submitted (MAR-2002) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases.
RN [6]
RP FUNCTION.
RX PubMed=9144959; DOI=10.2307/3870503;
RA Epple P., Apel K., Bohlmann H.;
RT "Overexpression of an endogenous thionin enhances resistance of Arabidopsis
RT against Fusarium oxysporum.";
RL Plant Cell 9:509-520(1997).
RN [7]
RP FUNCTION, TISSUE SPECIFICITY, AND INDUCTION.
RX PubMed=9628023; DOI=10.1046/j.1365-313x.1998.00117.x;
RA Vignutelli A., Wasternack C., Apel K., Bohlmann H.;
RT "Systemic and local induction of an Arabidopsis thionin gene by wounding
RT and pathogens.";
RL Plant J. 14:285-295(1998).
CC -!- FUNCTION: Seems to function as a defense factor. Thionins are small
CC plant proteins which are toxic to animal cells. They seem to exert
CC their toxic effect at the level of the cell membrane. Their precise
CC function is not known. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:9144959,
CC ECO:0000269|PubMed:9628023}.
CC -!- SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted {ECO:0000305}.
CC -!- TISSUE SPECIFICITY: Detected in rosette leaves and at a very high level
CC in flowers and in siliques. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:8552715,
CC ECO:0000269|PubMed:9628023}.
CC -!- INDUCTION: Highly induced in seedlings by pathogens, wounding, silver
CC nitrate, and methyl jasmonate. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:8552715,
CC ECO:0000269|PubMed:9628023}.
CC -!- SIMILARITY: Belongs to the plant thionin (TC 1.C.44) family.
CC {ECO:0000305}.
CC -!- SEQUENCE CAUTION:
CC Sequence=AAG51790.1; Type=Erroneous initiation; Note=Truncated N-terminus.; Evidence={ECO:0000305};
CC Sequence=AAM63655.1; Type=Erroneous initiation; Note=Truncated N-terminus.; Evidence={ECO:0000305};
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DR EMBL; L41244; AAC41678.1; -; mRNA.
DR EMBL; AC067754; AAG51790.1; ALT_INIT; Genomic_DNA.
DR EMBL; CP002684; AEE35295.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR EMBL; AY080781; AAL87264.1; -; mRNA.
DR EMBL; AY086595; AAM63655.1; ALT_INIT; mRNA.
DR PIR; C96746; C96746.
DR RefSeq; NP_565038.1; NM_105885.3.
DR AlphaFoldDB; Q42596; -.
DR SMR; Q42596; -.
DR STRING; 3702.AT1G72260.1; -.
DR PaxDb; Q42596; -.
DR PRIDE; Q42596; -.
DR ProteomicsDB; 246484; -.
DR EnsemblPlants; AT1G72260.1; AT1G72260.1; AT1G72260.
DR GeneID; 843558; -.
DR Gramene; AT1G72260.1; AT1G72260.1; AT1G72260.
DR KEGG; ath:AT1G72260; -.
DR Araport; AT1G72260; -.
DR TAIR; locus:2207006; AT1G72260.
DR HOGENOM; CLU_132328_0_0_1; -.
DR InParanoid; Q42596; -.
DR OMA; SANEYCK; -.
DR OrthoDB; 1491167at2759; -.
DR PhylomeDB; Q42596; -.
DR PRO; PR:Q42596; -.
DR Proteomes; UP000006548; Chromosome 1.
DR ExpressionAtlas; Q42596; baseline and differential.
DR Genevisible; Q42596; AT.
DR GO; GO:0005576; C:extracellular region; IEA:UniProtKB-SubCell.
DR GO; GO:0090729; F:toxin activity; IEA:UniProtKB-KW.
DR GO; GO:0006952; P:defense response; IMP:TAIR.
DR Gene3D; 3.30.1350.10; -; 1.
DR InterPro; IPR001010; Thionin.
DR InterPro; IPR036391; Thionin-like_sf.
DR PANTHER; PTHR33920; PTHR33920; 1.
DR Pfam; PF00321; Thionin; 1.
DR SUPFAM; SSF57429; SSF57429; 1.
DR PROSITE; PS00271; THIONIN; 1.
PE 2: Evidence at transcript level;
KW Disulfide bond; Plant defense; Reference proteome; Secreted; Signal; Toxin.
FT SIGNAL 1..24
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255"
FT CHAIN 25..67
FT /note="Thionin-2.1"
FT /id="PRO_0000034139"
FT CHAIN 68..134
FT /note="Acidic protein"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255"
FT /id="PRO_0000034140"
FT DISULFID 27..61
FT /evidence="ECO:0000250"
FT DISULFID 28..55
FT /evidence="ECO:0000250"
FT DISULFID 40..49
FT /evidence="ECO:0000250"
FT CONFLICT 74
FT /note="A -> G (in Ref. 5; AAM63655)"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000305"
SQ SEQUENCE 134 AA; 14351 MW; 515B40A0DBDCC1EF CRC64;
MKGRILILSL LIMSLVMAQV QVEAKICCPS NQARNGYSVC RIRFSKGRCM QVSGCQNSDT
CPRGWVNAIL ENSADATNEH CKLGCETSVC GAMNTLQNSD ASEIVNGASE QCAKGCSIFC
TKSYVVPPGP PKLL
