TNFA_PANTR
ID TNFA_PANTR Reviewed; 232 AA.
AC Q8HZD9; Q1XHZ6;
DT 23-MAY-2003, integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot.
DT 23-MAY-2003, sequence version 2.
DT 03-AUG-2022, entry version 136.
DE RecName: Full=Tumor necrosis factor;
DE AltName: Full=Cachectin;
DE AltName: Full=TNF-alpha;
DE AltName: Full=Tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 2;
DE Short=TNF-a;
DE Contains:
DE RecName: Full=Tumor necrosis factor, membrane form;
DE AltName: Full=N-terminal fragment;
DE Short=NTF;
DE Contains:
DE RecName: Full=Intracellular domain 1;
DE Short=ICD1;
DE Contains:
DE RecName: Full=Intracellular domain 2;
DE Short=ICD2;
DE Contains:
DE RecName: Full=C-domain 1;
DE Contains:
DE RecName: Full=C-domain 2;
DE Contains:
DE RecName: Full=Tumor necrosis factor, soluble form;
DE Flags: Precursor;
GN Name=TNF; Synonyms=TNFA, TNFSF2;
OS Pan troglodytes (Chimpanzee).
OC Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia;
OC Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae;
OC Pan.
OX NCBI_TaxID=9598;
RN [1]
RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA].
RX PubMed=12493009; DOI=10.1034/j.1600-065x.2002.19008.x;
RA Kulski J.K., Shiina T., Anzai T., Kohara S., Inoko H.;
RT "Comparative genomic analysis of the MHC: the evolution of class I
RT duplication blocks, diversity and complexity from shark to man.";
RL Immunol. Rev. 190:95-122(2002).
RN [2]
RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA].
RX PubMed=12799463; DOI=10.1073/pnas.1230533100;
RA Anzai T., Shiina T., Kimura N., Yanagiya K., Kohara S., Shigenari A.,
RA Yamagata T., Kulski J.K., Naruse T.K., Fujimori Y., Fukuzumi Y.,
RA Yamazaki M., Tashiro H., Iwamoto C., Umehara Y., Imanishi T., Meyer A.,
RA Ikeo K., Gojobori T., Bahram S., Inoko H.;
RT "Comparative sequencing of human and chimpanzee MHC class I regions unveils
RT insertions/deletions as the major path to genomic divergence.";
RL Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 100:7708-7713(2003).
RN [3]
RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA].
RX PubMed=16702430; DOI=10.1534/genetics.106.057034;
RA Shiina T., Ota M., Shimizu S., Katsuyama Y., Hashimoto N., Takasu M.,
RA Anzai T., Kulski J.K., Kikkawa E., Naruse T., Kimura N., Yanagiya K.,
RA Watanabe A., Hosomichi K., Kohara S., Iwamoto C., Umehara Y., Meyer A.,
RA Wanner V., Sano K., Macquin C., Ikeo K., Tokunaga K., Gojobori T.,
RA Inoko H., Bahram S.;
RT "Rapid evolution of major histocompatibility complex class I genes in
RT primates generates new disease alleles in humans via hitchhiking
RT diversity.";
RL Genetics 173:1555-1570(2006).
RN [4]
RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA] OF 33-186.
RA O'Huigin C., Tichy H., Klein J.;
RT "Molecular evolution in higher primates; gene specific and organism
RT specific characteristics.";
RL Submitted (MAR-2002) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases.
CC -!- FUNCTION: Cytokine that binds to TNFRSF1A/TNFR1 and TNFRSF1B/TNFBR. It
CC is mainly secreted by macrophages and can induce cell death of certain
CC tumor cell lines. It is potent pyrogen causing fever by direct action
CC or by stimulation of interleukin-1 secretion and is implicated in the
CC induction of cachexia, Under certain conditions it can stimulate cell
CC proliferation and induce cell differentiation (By similarity). Induces
CC insulin resistance in adipocytes via inhibition of insulin-induced IRS1
CC tyrosine phosphorylation and insulin-induced glucose uptake. Induces
CC GKAP42 protein degradation in adipocytes which is partially responsible
CC for TNF-induced insulin resistance (By similarity). Plays a role in
CC angiogenesis by inducing VEGF production synergistically with IL1B and
CC IL6 (By similarity). {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P01375,
CC ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P06804}.
CC -!- FUNCTION: The TNF intracellular domain (ICD) form induces IL12
CC production in dendritic cells. {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P01375}.
CC -!- SUBUNIT: Homotrimer. Interacts with SPPL2B (By similarity).
CC {ECO:0000250}.
CC -!- SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane {ECO:0000250}; Single-pass type II
CC membrane protein {ECO:0000250}.
CC -!- SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: [Tumor necrosis factor, membrane form]: Membrane
CC {ECO:0000250}; Single-pass type II membrane protein {ECO:0000250}.
CC -!- SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: [Tumor necrosis factor, soluble form]: Secreted
CC {ECO:0000250}.
CC -!- SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: [C-domain 1]: Secreted {ECO:0000250}.
CC -!- SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: [C-domain 2]: Secreted {ECO:0000250}.
CC -!- PTM: The soluble form derives from the membrane form by proteolytic
CC processing. The membrane-bound form is further proteolytically
CC processed by SPPL2A or SPPL2B through regulated intramembrane
CC proteolysis producing TNF intracellular domains (ICD1 and ICD2)
CC released in the cytosol and TNF C-domain 1 and C-domain 2 secreted into
CC the extracellular space (By similarity). {ECO:0000250}.
CC -!- PTM: The membrane form, but not the soluble form, is phosphorylated on
CC serine residues. Dephosphorylation of the membrane form occurs by
CC binding to soluble TNFRSF1A/TNFR1 (By similarity). {ECO:0000250}.
CC -!- PTM: O-glycosylated; glycans contain galactose, N-acetylgalactosamine
CC and N-acetylneuraminic acid. {ECO:0000250}.
CC -!- PTM: [Tumor necrosis factor, soluble form]: The soluble form is
CC demyristoylated by SIRT6, promoting its secretion.
CC {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P01375}.
CC -!- SIMILARITY: Belongs to the tumor necrosis factor family. {ECO:0000305}.
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DR EMBL; AB054536; BAB83882.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR EMBL; BA000041; BAC78157.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR EMBL; AB210165; BAE92772.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR EMBL; AB210166; BAE92774.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR EMBL; AY091964; AAM76582.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR RefSeq; NP_001038976.1; NM_001045511.1.
DR RefSeq; XP_016810226.1; XM_016954737.1.
DR AlphaFoldDB; Q8HZD9; -.
DR SMR; Q8HZD9; -.
DR STRING; 9598.ENSPTRP00000054518; -.
DR PaxDb; Q8HZD9; -.
DR GeneID; 494186; -.
DR KEGG; ptr:494186; -.
DR CTD; 7124; -.
DR eggNOG; ENOG502S4K8; Eukaryota.
DR HOGENOM; CLU_070352_3_1_1; -.
DR InParanoid; Q8HZD9; -.
DR OrthoDB; 1124938at2759; -.
DR TreeFam; TF332169; -.
DR Proteomes; UP000002277; Unplaced.
DR GO; GO:0009986; C:cell surface; IBA:GO_Central.
DR GO; GO:0005615; C:extracellular space; IBA:GO_Central.
DR GO; GO:0016021; C:integral component of membrane; IEA:UniProtKB-KW.
DR GO; GO:0005886; C:plasma membrane; IEA:UniProtKB-SubCell.
DR GO; GO:0005125; F:cytokine activity; IBA:GO_Central.
DR GO; GO:0005164; F:tumor necrosis factor receptor binding; IBA:GO_Central.
DR GO; GO:0008625; P:extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway via death domain receptors; IBA:GO_Central.
DR GO; GO:0006955; P:immune response; IEA:InterPro.
DR GO; GO:0097527; P:necroptotic signaling pathway; ISS:CAFA.
DR GO; GO:0043242; P:negative regulation of protein-containing complex disassembly; ISS:UniProtKB.
DR GO; GO:0043065; P:positive regulation of apoptotic process; ISS:UniProtKB.
DR GO; GO:2001238; P:positive regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway; IBA:GO_Central.
DR GO; GO:0043123; P:positive regulation of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB signaling; IBA:GO_Central.
DR GO; GO:0043507; P:positive regulation of JUN kinase activity; ISS:UniProtKB.
DR GO; GO:0043406; P:positive regulation of MAP kinase activity; ISS:UniProtKB.
DR GO; GO:0051092; P:positive regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity; ISS:UniProtKB.
DR GO; GO:0001934; P:positive regulation of protein phosphorylation; ISS:UniProtKB.
DR GO; GO:0043243; P:positive regulation of protein-containing complex disassembly; ISS:UniProtKB.
DR GO; GO:0045944; P:positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II; IBA:GO_Central.
DR GO; GO:0065008; P:regulation of biological quality; IEA:UniProt.
DR GO; GO:0050793; P:regulation of developmental process; IEA:UniProt.
DR GO; GO:0051046; P:regulation of secretion; IEA:UniProt.
DR GO; GO:0033209; P:tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathway; IBA:GO_Central.
DR GO; GO:0010573; P:vascular endothelial growth factor production; ISS:UniProtKB.
DR CDD; cd00184; TNF; 1.
DR Gene3D; 2.60.120.40; -; 1.
DR InterPro; IPR006053; TNF.
DR InterPro; IPR002959; TNF_alpha.
DR InterPro; IPR021184; TNF_CS.
DR InterPro; IPR006052; TNF_dom.
DR InterPro; IPR008983; Tumour_necrosis_fac-like_dom.
DR PANTHER; PTHR11471:SF23; PTHR11471:SF23; 1.
DR Pfam; PF00229; TNF; 1.
DR PRINTS; PR01234; TNECROSISFCT.
DR PRINTS; PR01235; TNFALPHA.
DR SMART; SM00207; TNF; 1.
DR SUPFAM; SSF49842; SSF49842; 1.
DR PROSITE; PS00251; TNF_1; 1.
DR PROSITE; PS50049; TNF_2; 1.
PE 3: Inferred from homology;
KW Cell membrane; Cytokine; Disulfide bond; Glycoprotein; Lipoprotein;
KW Membrane; Myristate; Phosphoprotein; Reference proteome; Secreted;
KW Signal-anchor; Transmembrane; Transmembrane helix.
FT CHAIN 1..232
FT /note="Tumor necrosis factor, membrane form"
FT /id="PRO_0000034437"
FT CHAIN 1..39
FT /note="Intracellular domain 1"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000250"
FT /id="PRO_0000417259"
FT CHAIN 1..35
FT /note="Intracellular domain 2"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000250"
FT /id="PRO_0000417260"
FT CHAIN 50..?
FT /note="C-domain 1"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000250"
FT /id="PRO_0000417261"
FT CHAIN 52..?
FT /note="C-domain 2"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000250"
FT /id="PRO_0000417262"
FT CHAIN 77..232
FT /note="Tumor necrosis factor, soluble form"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000250"
FT /id="PRO_0000034438"
FT TOPO_DOM 1..34
FT /note="Cytoplasmic"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255"
FT TRANSMEM 35..57
FT /note="Helical; Signal-anchor for type II membrane protein"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000250"
FT TOPO_DOM 58..232
FT /note="Extracellular"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255"
FT SITE 34..35
FT /note="Cleavage; by SPPL2A or SPPL2B"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000250"
FT SITE 39..40
FT /note="Cleavage; by SPPL2A or SPPL2B"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000250"
FT SITE 49..50
FT /note="Cleavage; by SPPL2A or SPPL2B"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000250"
FT SITE 51..52
FT /note="Cleavage; by SPPL2A or SPPL2B"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000250"
FT SITE 76..77
FT /note="Cleavage; by ADAM17"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000250"
FT MOD_RES 2
FT /note="Phosphoserine; by CK1"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000250"
FT LIPID 19
FT /note="N6-myristoyl lysine"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P01375"
FT LIPID 20
FT /note="N6-myristoyl lysine"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P01375"
FT CARBOHYD 79
FT /note="O-linked (GalNAc...) serine; in soluble form"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000250"
FT DISULFID 144..176
FT /evidence="ECO:0000250"
FT CONFLICT 77
FT /note="G -> VR (in Ref. 3 and 4)"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000305"
SQ SEQUENCE 232 AA; 25446 MW; E4D71B19C6AE0D03 CRC64;
MSTESMIRDV ELAEEALPKK TGGPQGSRRC LFLSLFSFLI VAGATTLFCL LHFGVIGPQR
EEFPRDLSLI SPLAQAGSSS RTPSDKPVAH VVANPQAEGQ LQWLNRRANA LLANGVELRD
NQLVVPSEGL YLIYSQVLFK GQGCPSTHVL LTHTISRIAV SYQTKVNLLS AIKSPCQRET
PEGAEAKPWY EPIYLGGVFQ LEKGDRLSAE INRPDYLDFA ESGQVYFGII AL
