ID   TOAP3_TITOB             Reviewed;          17 AA.
AC   P0DQT2;
DT   23-FEB-2022, integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot.
DT   23-FEB-2022, sequence version 1.
DT   03-AUG-2022, entry version 3.
DE   RecName: Full=Antimicrobial peptide ToAP3 {ECO:0000303|PubMed:27917162, ECO:0000303|PubMed:31376652};
OS   Tityus obscurus (Amazonian scorpion) (Tityus cambridgei).
OC   Eukaryota; Metazoa; Ecdysozoa; Arthropoda; Chelicerata; Arachnida;
OC   Scorpiones; Buthida; Buthoidea; Buthidae; Tityus.
OX   NCBI_TaxID=1221240;
RN   [1]
RP   NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA], SYNTHESIS, AND PROBABLE AMIDATION AT LYS-17.
RC   TISSUE=Venom gland;
RX   PubMed=27917162; DOI=10.3389/fmicb.2016.01844;
RA   Guilhelmelli F., Vilela N., Smidt K.S., de Oliveira M.A.,
RA   da Cunha Morales Alvares A., Rigonatto M.C., da Silva Costa P.H.,
RA   Tavares A.H., de Freitas S.M., Nicola A.M., Franco O.L., Derengowski L.D.,
RA   Schwartz E.F., Mortari M.R., Bocca A.L., Albuquerque P., Silva-Pereira I.;
RT   "Activity of scorpion venom-derived antifungal peptides against planktonic
RT   cells of Candida spp. and Cryptococcus neoformans and Candida albicans
RT   biofilms.";
RL   Front. Microbiol. 7:1844-1844(2016).
RN   [2]
RP   FUNCTION, AND SYNTHESIS.
RX   PubMed=31376652; DOI=10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109152;
RA   Veloso Junior P.H.H., Simon K.S., de Castro R.J.A., Coelho L.C.,
RA   Erazo F.A.H., de Souza A.C.B., das Neves R.C., Lozano V.F., Schwartz E.F.,
RA   Tavares A.H., Mortari M.R., Junqueira-Kipnis A.P., Silva-Pereira I.,
RA   Bocca A.L.;
RT   "Peptides ToAP3 and ToAP4 decrease release of inflammatory cytokines
RT   through TLR-4 blocking.";
RL   Biomed. Pharmacother. 118:109152-109152(2019).
CC   -!- FUNCTION: Antimicrobial peptide (PubMed:27917162). Is able to kill
CC       Mycobacterium abscessus subsp. massiliense in a dose-dependent manner
CC       (PubMed:31376652). Has antifungal activity against Candida spp. and one
CC       Cryptococcus neoformans strains with MICs values ranging from 12.5 to
CC       100 uM (PubMed:27917162). Shows low cytotoxic activity and low
CC       hemolytic activity on human erythrocytes (PubMed:31376652). Shows anti-
CC       inflammatory activities, since it decreases release of pro-inflammatory
CC       cytokines, and increases release of anti-inflammatory cytokines
CC       (PubMed:31376652). Acts by blocking the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)
CC       (PubMed:31376652). In addition, decreases the expression of
CC       costimulatory molecules such as CD80 and CD86 in LPS-stimulated cells
CC       (PubMed:31376652). In vivo, does not induce immuce cell migration
CC       (PubMed:31376652). Helical wheel projections predict an amphipathic
CC       peptide with distinct hydrophobic and hydrophilic faces (Probable).
CC       {ECO:0000269|PubMed:27917162, ECO:0000269|PubMed:31376652,
CC       ECO:0000305|PubMed:27917162}.
CC   -!- SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted {ECO:0000305|PubMed:27917162}.
CC   -!- TISSUE SPECIFICITY: Expressed by the venom gland.
CC       {ECO:0000305|PubMed:27917162}.
CC   -!- MISCELLANEOUS: Does not show antifungal activity against Candida
CC       glabrata (ATCC90030) (MIC>400 uM). {ECO:0000269|PubMed:27917162}.
CC   -!- SIMILARITY: Belongs to the non-disulfide-bridged peptide (NDBP)
CC       superfamily. Short antimicrobial peptide (group 4) family.
CC       {ECO:0000305}.
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DR   GO; GO:0005576; C:extracellular region; IEA:UniProtKB-SubCell.
DR   GO; GO:0042742; P:defense response to bacterium; IEA:UniProtKB-KW.
DR   GO; GO:0050832; P:defense response to fungus; IEA:UniProtKB-KW.
DR   GO; GO:0045087; P:innate immune response; IEA:UniProtKB-KW.
DR   GO; GO:0031640; P:killing of cells of another organism; IEA:UniProtKB-KW.
PE   1: Evidence at protein level;
KW   Amidation; Antibiotic; Antimicrobial; Fungicide; Immunity; Innate immunity;
KW   Secreted.
FT   PEPTIDE         1..17
FT                   /note="Antimicrobial peptide ToAP3"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000305|PubMed:27917162"
FT                   /id="PRO_0000454902"
FT   MOD_RES         17
FT                   /note="Lysine amide"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000305|PubMed:27917162"
SQ   SEQUENCE   17 AA;  1700 MW;  6CB4561BFA2546B9 CRC64;
     FIGMIPGLIG GLISAIK