TX19A_MOUSE
ID TX19A_MOUSE Reviewed; 351 AA.
AC Q99MV2; Q7TPF0;
DT 18-MAR-2008, integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot.
DT 01-JUN-2001, sequence version 1.
DT 03-AUG-2022, entry version 101.
DE RecName: Full=Testis-expressed protein 19.1 {ECO:0000305};
DE Short=mTex19.1;
DE AltName: Full=Testis-expressed protein 19A;
GN Name=Tex19.1 {ECO:0000312|MGI:MGI:1920929}; Synonyms=Tex19, Tex19a;
OS Mus musculus (Mouse).
OC Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia;
OC Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Glires; Rodentia; Myomorpha; Muroidea; Muridae;
OC Murinae; Mus; Mus.
OX NCBI_TaxID=10090;
RN [1]
RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA].
RC TISSUE=Testis;
RX PubMed=11279525; DOI=10.1038/86927;
RA Wang P.J., McCarrey J.R., Yang F., Page D.C.;
RT "An abundance of X-linked genes expressed in spermatogonia.";
RL Nat. Genet. 27:422-426(2001).
RN [2]
RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA].
RC STRAIN=C57BL/6J;
RX PubMed=19468303; DOI=10.1371/journal.pbio.1000112;
RA Church D.M., Goodstadt L., Hillier L.W., Zody M.C., Goldstein S., She X.,
RA Bult C.J., Agarwala R., Cherry J.L., DiCuccio M., Hlavina W., Kapustin Y.,
RA Meric P., Maglott D., Birtle Z., Marques A.C., Graves T., Zhou S.,
RA Teague B., Potamousis K., Churas C., Place M., Herschleb J., Runnheim R.,
RA Forrest D., Amos-Landgraf J., Schwartz D.C., Cheng Z., Lindblad-Toh K.,
RA Eichler E.E., Ponting C.P.;
RT "Lineage-specific biology revealed by a finished genome assembly of the
RT mouse.";
RL PLoS Biol. 7:E1000112-E1000112(2009).
RN [3]
RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA].
RC STRAIN=B5/EGFP; TISSUE=Trophoblast stem cell;
RX PubMed=15489334; DOI=10.1101/gr.2596504;
RG The MGC Project Team;
RT "The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project:
RT the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).";
RL Genome Res. 14:2121-2127(2004).
RN [4]
RP TISSUE SPECIFICITY, AND DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE.
RX PubMed=18096721; DOI=10.1634/stemcells.2007-0772;
RA Kuntz S., Kieffer E., Bianchetti L., Lamoureux N., Fuhrmann G., Viville S.;
RT "Tex19, a mammalian-specific protein with a restricted expression in
RT pluripotent stem cells and germ line.";
RL Stem Cells 26:734-744(2008).
RN [5]
RP FUNCTION, SUBCELLULAR LOCATION, TISSUE SPECIFICITY, AND DISRUPTION
RP PHENOTYPE.
RX PubMed=18802469; DOI=10.1371/journal.pgen.1000199;
RA Ollinger R., Childs A.J., Burgess H.M., Speed R.M., Lundegaard P.R.,
RA Reynolds N., Gray N.K., Cooke H.J., Adams I.R.;
RT "Deletion of the pluripotency-associated Tex19.1 gene causes activation of
RT endogenous retroviruses and defective spermatogenesis in mice.";
RL PLoS Genet. 4:E1000199-E1000199(2008).
RN [6]
RP INDUCTION.
RX PubMed=19247806; DOI=10.1007/s11033-009-9470-1;
RA Zeng M., Lu Y., Liao X., Li D., Sun H., Liang S., Zhang S., Ma Y., Yang Z.;
RT "DAZL binds to 3'UTR of Tex19.1 mRNAs and regulates Tex19.1 expression.";
RL Mol. Biol. Rep. 36:2399-2403(2009).
RN [7]
RP FUNCTION, INTERACTION WITH UBR2, DISRUPTION PHENOTYPE, AND MUTAGENESIS OF
RP CYS-2.
RX PubMed=21103378; DOI=10.1371/journal.pone.0014017;
RA Yang F., Cheng Y., An J.Y., Kwon Y.T., Eckardt S., Leu N.A.,
RA McLaughlin K.J., Wang P.J.;
RT "The ubiquitin ligase Ubr2, a recognition E3 component of the N-end rule
RT pathway, stabilizes Tex19.1 during spermatogenesis.";
RL PLoS ONE 5:E14017-E14017(2010).
RN [8]
RP TISSUE SPECIFICITY.
RX PubMed=22447323; DOI=10.1262/jrd.11-047k;
RA Celebi C., van Montfoort A., Skory V., Kieffer E., Kuntz S., Mark M.,
RA Viville S.;
RT "Tex 19 paralogs exhibit a gonad and placenta-specific expression in the
RT mouse.";
RL J. Reprod. Dev. 58:360-365(2012).
RN [9]
RP FUNCTION, AND DISRUPTION PHENOTYPE.
RX PubMed=23364048; DOI=10.1093/hmg/ddt029;
RA Reichmann J., Reddington J.P., Best D., Read D., Ollinger R., Meehan R.R.,
RA Adams I.R.;
RT "The genome-defence gene Tex19.1 suppresses LINE-1 retrotransposons in the
RT placenta and prevents intra-uterine growth retardation in mice.";
RL Hum. Mol. Genet. 22:1791-1806(2013).
RN [10]
RP FUNCTION, AND DISRUPTION PHENOTYPE.
RX PubMed=23674551; DOI=10.1093/humrep/det129;
RA Tarabay Y., Kieffer E., Teletin M., Celebi C., Van Montfoort A.,
RA Zamudio N., Achour M., El Ramy R., Gazdag E., Tropel P., Mark M.,
RA Bourc'his D., Viville S.;
RT "The mammalian-specific Tex19.1 gene plays an essential role in
RT spermatogenesis and placenta-supported development.";
RL Hum. Reprod. 28:2201-2214(2013).
RN [11]
RP FUNCTION, AND INTERACTION WITH L1RE1.
RX PubMed=28806172; DOI=10.7554/elife.26152;
RA MacLennan M., Garcia-Canadas M., Reichmann J., Khazina E., Wagner G.,
RA Playfoot C.J., Salvador-Palomeque C., Mann A.R., Peressini P., Sanchez L.,
RA Dobie K., Read D., Hung C.C., Eskeland R., Meehan R.R., Weichenrieder O.,
RA Garcia-Perez J.L., Adams I.R.;
RT "Mobilization of LINE-1 retrotransposons is restricted by Tex19.1 in mouse
RT embryonic stem cells.";
RL Elife 6:0-0(2017).
RN [12]
RP FUNCTION, DISRUPTION PHENOTYPE, TISSUE SPECIFICITY, INTERACTION WITH DDX4;
RP EDC4; MAEL; PIWIL1; PIWIL2; RANBP9 AND TDRD6, AND RNA-BINDING.
RX PubMed=28254886; DOI=10.1242/jcs.188763;
RA Tarabay Y., Achour M., Teletin M., Ye T., Teissandier A., Mark M.,
RA Bourc'his D., Viville S.;
RT "Tex19 paralogs are new members of the piRNA pathway controlling
RT retrotransposon suppression.";
RL J. Cell Sci. 130:1463-1474(2017).
RN [13]
RP FUNCTION, AND DISRUPTION PHENOTYPE.
RX PubMed=28708824; DOI=10.1371/journal.pgen.1006904;
RA Crichton J.H., Playfoot C.J., MacLennan M., Read D., Cooke H.J.,
RA Adams I.R.;
RT "Tex19.1 promotes Spo11-dependent meiotic recombination in mouse
RT spermatocytes.";
RL PLoS Genet. 13:E1006904-E1006904(2017).
CC -!- FUNCTION: Required during spermatogenesis and placenta development,
CC participating in the repression of retrotransposable elements and
CC preventing their mobilization (PubMed:18802469, PubMed:21103378,
CC PubMed:23364048, PubMed:23674551, PubMed:28254886). With its paralog,
CC Tex19.2, collaborates with the Piwi-interacting RNA (piRNA) pathway,
CC which mediates the repression of transposable elements during meiosis
CC by forming complexes composed of piRNAs and Piwi proteins. Interacts
CC with Piwi proteins and directly binds piRNAs, a class of 24 to 30
CC nucleotide RNAs that are generated by a Dicer-independent mechanism and
CC are primarily derived from transposons and other repeated sequence
CC elements (PubMed:28254886). Also during spermatogenesis, promotes, with
CC UBR2, SPO11-dependent meiotic recombination (PubMed:28708824).
CC Interacts with LINE-1 retrotransposon encoded LIRE1, stimulates LIRE1
CC polyubiquitination, mediated by UBR2, and degradation, inhibiting LINE-
CC 1 retrotransposon mobilization (PubMed:28806172).
CC {ECO:0000269|PubMed:18802469, ECO:0000269|PubMed:21103378,
CC ECO:0000269|PubMed:23364048, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23674551,
CC ECO:0000269|PubMed:28254886, ECO:0000269|PubMed:28708824,
CC ECO:0000269|PubMed:28806172}.
CC -!- SUBUNIT: Interacts with UBR2; does not lead to Tex19.1 degradation and
CC stabilizes it (PubMed:21103378). Interacts with piRNA-associated
CC proteins DDX4, EDC4, MAEL, PIWIL1, PIWIL2, RANBP9 and TDRD6
CC (PubMed:28254886). Interacts with L1RE1 (PubMed:28806172).
CC {ECO:0000269|PubMed:21103378, ECO:0000269|PubMed:28254886,
CC ECO:0000269|PubMed:28806172}.
CC -!- SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm {ECO:0000269|PubMed:18802469}. Note=Was
CC initially reported to localize in the nucleus (PubMed:18096721).
CC However, it was later shown to localize in cytoplasm only
CC (PubMed:18802469). Cytoplasmic localization is distinct from the
CC meiotic nuage, also named P granule, a germ-cell-specific organelle
CC required to repress transposon activity during meiosis
CC (PubMed:18802469). {ECO:0000269|PubMed:18096721,
CC ECO:0000269|PubMed:18802469}.
CC -!- TISSUE SPECIFICITY: Expressed in testis, placenta and ovary. Expressed
CC in pluripotent stem cells. In testis, expression is highest in mitotic
CC spermatogonia, decreases as spermatocytes progress through meiosis, and
CC is present at low levels in round spermatids (at protein level).
CC {ECO:0000269|PubMed:18096721, ECO:0000269|PubMed:18802469,
CC ECO:0000269|PubMed:22447323, ECO:0000269|PubMed:28254886}.
CC -!- DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE: Expressed in early embryo and is later limited to
CC the germ line. Expressed in the ectoderm and then in primordial germ
CC cells (PGCs). Expressed in testis from 13.5 dpc to adulthood in
CC gonocytes and spermatocytes. Also present in the developing and adult
CC ovary as well as in the placenta and its precursor tissue, the
CC ectoplacental cone. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:18096721}.
CC -!- INDUCTION: Expression is down-regulated by DAZL protein, which binds to
CC 3'UTR of Tex19.1 mRNAs and probably represses its translation.
CC {ECO:0000269|PubMed:19247806}.
CC -!- DISRUPTION PHENOTYPE: Mutant embryos exhibit intra-uterine growth
CC retardation and have small placentas due to a reduction in the number
CC of spongiotrophoblast, glycogen trophoblast and sinusoidal trophoblast
CC giant cells. They show an incomplete penetrance of embryonic lethality
CC preferentially affecting females. Knockout have heterogeneous
CC spermatogenic defects and testicular degeneration leading to
CC infertility in the most severe cases. During spermatogenesis, mutants
CC show impaired recombination during leptotene stage of meiotic prophase
CC leading to chromosome asynapsis. Knockout females are fertile
CC (PubMed:23364048, PubMed:23674551, PubMed:18802469, PubMed:21103378,
CC PubMed:28708824). Males deficient for both Tex19.1 and Tex19.2 have
CC impaired spermatogenesis, small testes and are infertile. They show
CC vacuolization and seminiferous epithelium degeneration as early as P16.
CC They have defects in meiotic chromosome synapsis, persistence of DNA
CC double-strand breaks during meiosis, lack of post-meiotic germ cell and
CC up-regulation of MMERVK10C retrotransposon expression. Number of
CC females deficient for both for Tex19.1 and Tex19.2 that survive 2 weeks
CC or more is reduced compared to males. Females display normal fertility.
CC Surviving mutants do not present gross somatic abnormalities
CC (PubMed:28254886). {ECO:0000269|PubMed:18802469,
CC ECO:0000269|PubMed:21103378, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23364048,
CC ECO:0000269|PubMed:23674551, ECO:0000269|PubMed:28254886,
CC ECO:0000269|PubMed:28708824}.
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DR EMBL; AF285590; AAK31969.1; -; mRNA.
DR EMBL; AL662887; -; NOT_ANNOTATED_CDS; Genomic_DNA.
DR EMBL; BC053492; AAH53492.1; -; mRNA.
DR CCDS; CCDS25768.1; -.
DR RefSeq; NP_082878.2; NM_028602.2.
DR AlphaFoldDB; Q99MV2; -.
DR BioGRID; 216185; 2.
DR STRING; 10090.ENSMUSP00000048592; -.
DR iPTMnet; Q99MV2; -.
DR PhosphoSitePlus; Q99MV2; -.
DR PaxDb; Q99MV2; -.
DR PRIDE; Q99MV2; -.
DR DNASU; 73679; -.
DR Ensembl; ENSMUST00000039088; ENSMUSP00000048592; ENSMUSG00000039329.
DR GeneID; 73679; -.
DR KEGG; mmu:73679; -.
DR UCSC; uc007mvi.1; mouse.
DR CTD; 73679; -.
DR MGI; MGI:1920929; Tex19.1.
DR VEuPathDB; HostDB:ENSMUSG00000039329; -.
DR eggNOG; ENOG502T8GZ; Eukaryota.
DR GeneTree; ENSGT00390000014279; -.
DR HOGENOM; CLU_855143_0_0_1; -.
DR InParanoid; Q99MV2; -.
DR OMA; ARGMSCL; -.
DR OrthoDB; 805493at2759; -.
DR PhylomeDB; Q99MV2; -.
DR TreeFam; TF338441; -.
DR BioGRID-ORCS; 73679; 1 hit in 73 CRISPR screens.
DR PRO; PR:Q99MV2; -.
DR Proteomes; UP000000589; Chromosome 11.
DR RNAct; Q99MV2; protein.
DR Bgee; ENSMUSG00000039329; Expressed in ectoplacental cone and 56 other tissues.
DR ExpressionAtlas; Q99MV2; baseline and differential.
DR Genevisible; Q99MV2; MM.
DR GO; GO:0005737; C:cytoplasm; IDA:MGI.
DR GO; GO:0005634; C:nucleus; IDA:MGI.
DR GO; GO:0034584; F:piRNA binding; IDA:UniProtKB.
DR GO; GO:0030154; P:cell differentiation; IEA:UniProtKB-KW.
DR GO; GO:0060722; P:cell proliferation involved in embryonic placenta development; IMP:MGI.
DR GO; GO:0007129; P:homologous chromosome pairing at meiosis; IMP:MGI.
DR GO; GO:0001701; P:in utero embryonic development; IMP:MGI.
DR GO; GO:0008584; P:male gonad development; IMP:MGI.
DR GO; GO:0007140; P:male meiotic nuclear division; IMP:UniProtKB.
DR GO; GO:0010529; P:negative regulation of transposition; IMP:UniProtKB.
DR GO; GO:0001890; P:placenta development; IMP:MGI.
DR GO; GO:0010608; P:post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression; IMP:MGI.
DR GO; GO:0007131; P:reciprocal meiotic recombination; IMP:UniProtKB.
DR GO; GO:0019953; P:sexual reproduction; IMP:MGI.
DR GO; GO:0007283; P:spermatogenesis; IMP:UniProtKB.
DR GO; GO:0060720; P:spongiotrophoblast cell proliferation; IMP:MGI.
DR GO; GO:0032196; P:transposition; IMP:MGI.
DR InterPro; IPR029093; TEX19.
DR PANTHER; PTHR31387; PTHR31387; 1.
DR Pfam; PF15553; TEX19; 1.
PE 1: Evidence at protein level;
KW Cytoplasm; Differentiation; Meiosis; Reference proteome; RNA-binding;
KW Spermatogenesis.
FT CHAIN 1..351
FT /note="Testis-expressed protein 19.1"
FT /id="PRO_0000325963"
FT REGION 1..73
FT /note="Interaction with LIRE1"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q8NA77"
FT REGION 55..90
FT /note="Disordered"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000256|SAM:MobiDB-lite"
FT REGION 117..164
FT /note="Important for interaction with piRNA"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:28254886"
FT COMPBIAS 55..83
FT /note="Acidic residues"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000256|SAM:MobiDB-lite"
FT MUTAGEN 2
FT /note="C->G,V: Does not affect interaction with UBR2."
FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:21103378"
FT CONFLICT 19
FT /note="E -> G (in Ref. 3; AAH53492)"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000305"
FT CONFLICT 64
FT /note="E -> EE (in Ref. 3; AAH53492)"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000305"
FT CONFLICT 78
FT /note="E -> D (in Ref. 3; AAH53492)"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000305"
FT CONFLICT 214
FT /note="S -> G (in Ref. 3; AAH53492)"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000305"
FT CONFLICT 310
FT /note="W -> R (in Ref. 3; AAH53492)"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000305"
SQ SEQUENCE 351 AA; 40401 MW; 0DD9C083F70573C1 CRC64;
MCPPVSVRHG ARGMSCLYEA WLYHLVHGEQ TKICFACFKA AFLLNKLYLE MGDWQEEEEE
EEEEDADLLE YLSESESESE QEPGPEQDAW RGLGSLYVPQ SVSEGSGVLL PTPVWTQGIL
FSIFVPTELF PQEAVPLDLG PEDAEWTQAL PWRLDGLFPC SHQLIPPLTW WDIFDVMPSP
GQPVLLELRC HWPLDQTVAQ SWLQDQKFVL LLDSVQSRCH LLSMRVRWVV RTQVQHWQVL
LDPGEMWVAH FRKEVGQHGL YHQSLNPWRL SILTASELGM ELLPATCYLW NKGFWVGSFL
PWHINMPETW SWEPGERLFI TDATICGTDY HLAQSFLDSH PTPHPLLTLT P
