ID   TX19A_RAT               Reviewed;         356 AA.
AC   Q5XHY3;
DT   18-MAR-2008, integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot.
DT   23-NOV-2004, sequence version 1.
DT   03-AUG-2022, entry version 74.
DE   RecName: Full=Testis-expressed protein 19.1;
DE   AltName: Full=Testis-expressed protein 19A;
DE   AltName: Full=Tex19.1;
GN   Name=Tex19.1; Synonyms=Tex19a;
OS   Rattus norvegicus (Rat).
OC   Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia;
OC   Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Glires; Rodentia; Myomorpha; Muroidea; Muridae;
OC   Murinae; Rattus.
OX   NCBI_TaxID=10116;
RN   [1]
RP   NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA].
RC   TISSUE=Testis;
RX   PubMed=15489334; DOI=10.1101/gr.2596504;
RG   The MGC Project Team;
RT   "The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project:
RT   the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).";
RL   Genome Res. 14:2121-2127(2004).
CC   -!- FUNCTION: Required during spermatogenesis and placenta development,
CC       participating in the repression of retrotransposable elements and
CC       prevent their mobilization. Collaborates with the Piwi-interacting RNA
CC       (piRNA) pathway, which mediates the repression of transposable elements
CC       during meiosis by forming complexes composed of piRNAs and Piwi
CC       proteins. Interacts with Piwi proteins and directly binds piRNAs, a
CC       class of 24 to 30 nucleotide RNAs that are generated by a Dicer-
CC       independent mechanism and are primarily derived from transposons and
CC       other repeated sequence elements. Also during spermatogenesis,
CC       promotes, with UBR2, SPO11-dependent recombination foci to accumulate
CC       and drive robust homologous chromosome synapsis. Interacts with LINE-1
CC       retrotransposon encoded LIRE1, stimulates LIRE1 polyubiquitination,
CC       mediated by UBR2, and degradation, inhibiting LINE-1 retrotransposon
CC       mobilization. {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q99MV2}.
CC   -!- SUBUNIT: Interacts with UBR2; does not lead to Tex19.1 degradation and
CC       stabilizes it. Interacts with piRNA-associated proteins DDX4, EDC4,
CC       MAEL, PIWIL1, PIWIL2, RANBP9 and TDRD6. Interacts with L1RE1.
CC       {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q99MV2}.
CC   -!- SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q99MV2}.
CC       Note=Was initially reported to localize in the nucleus. However, it was
CC       later shown to localize in cytoplasm only. Cytoplasmic localization is
CC       distinct from the meiotic nuage, also named P granule, a germ-cell-
CC       specific organelle required to repress transposon activity during
CC       meiosis. {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q99MV2}.
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DR   EMBL; BC083916; AAH83916.1; -; mRNA.
DR   RefSeq; NP_001017482.1; NM_001017482.1.
DR   AlphaFoldDB; Q5XHY3; -.
DR   STRING; 10116.ENSRNOP00000051811; -.
DR   CarbonylDB; Q5XHY3; -.
DR   PaxDb; Q5XHY3; -.
DR   Ensembl; ENSRNOT00000054928; ENSRNOP00000051811; ENSRNOG00000036670.
DR   GeneID; 498033; -.
DR   KEGG; rno:498033; -.
DR   CTD; 73679; -.
DR   RGD; 1566280; Tex19.1.
DR   eggNOG; ENOG502T8GZ; Eukaryota.
DR   GeneTree; ENSGT00390000014279; -.
DR   HOGENOM; CLU_855143_0_0_1; -.
DR   InParanoid; Q5XHY3; -.
DR   OMA; ARGMSCL; -.
DR   OrthoDB; 805493at2759; -.
DR   PhylomeDB; Q5XHY3; -.
DR   TreeFam; TF338441; -.
DR   PRO; PR:Q5XHY3; -.
DR   Proteomes; UP000002494; Chromosome 10.
DR   Bgee; ENSRNOG00000036670; Expressed in testis and 1 other tissue.
DR   GO; GO:0005737; C:cytoplasm; IBA:GO_Central.
DR   GO; GO:0005634; C:nucleus; IBA:GO_Central.
DR   GO; GO:0034584; F:piRNA binding; ISS:UniProtKB.
DR   GO; GO:0030154; P:cell differentiation; IEA:UniProtKB-KW.
DR   GO; GO:0008584; P:male gonad development; IBA:GO_Central.
DR   GO; GO:0007140; P:male meiotic nuclear division; ISS:UniProtKB.
DR   GO; GO:0010529; P:negative regulation of transposition; IBA:GO_Central.
DR   GO; GO:0001890; P:placenta development; IBA:GO_Central.
DR   GO; GO:0007131; P:reciprocal meiotic recombination; ISS:UniProtKB.
DR   GO; GO:0007283; P:spermatogenesis; ISS:UniProtKB.
DR   InterPro; IPR029093; TEX19.
DR   PANTHER; PTHR31387; PTHR31387; 1.
DR   Pfam; PF15553; TEX19; 1.
PE   2: Evidence at transcript level;
KW   Cytoplasm; Differentiation; Meiosis; Reference proteome; Spermatogenesis.
FT   CHAIN           1..356
FT                   /note="Testis-expressed protein 19.1"
FT                   /id="PRO_0000325965"
FT   REGION          1..78
FT                   /note="Interaction with LIRE1"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q8NA77"
FT   REGION          59..107
FT                   /note="Disordered"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000256|SAM:MobiDB-lite"
FT   REGION          139..186
FT                   /note="Important for interaction with piRNA"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q99MV2"
FT   COMPBIAS        73..93
FT                   /note="Basic and acidic residues"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000256|SAM:MobiDB-lite"
SQ   SEQUENCE   356 AA;  40855 MW;  02B47B79645C7D3B CRC64;
     MCPPVSVRHG ARGMSCLYGA WLYQLVHGEQ MKMCFACFKA AFLLNKFYLE MGYWEQEELS
     EEEEEEEVWD AEPMEHLSES ESLESDSKQD AGSEQDAGSE PNTRSEQDAW QGVGSLYVPQ
     SVSEYGGPGA LVPTPSWTQW VVFSISVPTE LLPQEAVPLD LGPEDVEWTQ ALPWRLDVLF
     PCSHRLIPPL SWWDILDVMP SLGQPVLLEL RSLWPLDQSV AQTWLQDQKF VLLLDSIHFM
     CHLLSMHVCW AVRTQVQHWQ VLLNPGEMWV AHLKRVLFRP RGLYPWSLSI LKSSDLGMEL
     VPAAFYLRKK GFWVGSFLPW NSSIPETWSW DPGERLFITD ATICATNYHF ARSFFP