TX35D_PHONI
ID TX35D_PHONI Reviewed; 82 AA.
AC P59368;
DT 28-FEB-2003, integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot.
DT 10-MAY-2004, sequence version 2.
DT 25-MAY-2022, entry version 60.
DE RecName: Full=Delta-ctenitoxin-Pn1a {ECO:0000303|PubMed:27077886};
DE Short=Delta-CNTX-Pn1a {ECO:0000303|PubMed:27077886};
DE AltName: Full=Insecticidal neurotoxin Tx4(6-1) {ECO:0000303|PubMed:7778132};
DE Short=PnTx4(6-1) {ECO:0000303|PubMed:10758278, ECO:0000303|PubMed:16278100, ECO:0000303|PubMed:7778132};
DE Flags: Precursor;
OS Phoneutria nigriventer (Brazilian armed spider) (Ctenus nigriventer).
OC Eukaryota; Metazoa; Ecdysozoa; Arthropoda; Chelicerata; Arachnida; Araneae;
OC Araneomorphae; Entelegynae; Lycosoidea; Ctenidae; Phoneutria.
OX NCBI_TaxID=6918;
RN [1]
RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA].
RC TISSUE=Venom gland;
RX PubMed=10758278; DOI=10.1016/s0041-0101(99)00237-8;
RA Penaforte C.L., Prado V.F., Prado M.A.M., Romano-Silva M.A.,
RA Guimaraes P.E.M., De Marco L., Gomez M.V., Kalapothakis E.;
RT "Molecular cloning of cDNAs encoding insecticidal neurotoxic peptides from
RT the spider Phoneutria nigriventer.";
RL Toxicon 38:1443-1449(2000).
RN [2]
RP PROTEIN SEQUENCE OF 35-82, FUNCTION, MASS SPECTROMETRY, TOXIC DOSE, AND
RP SUBCELLULAR LOCATION.
RC TISSUE=Venom;
RX PubMed=7778132; DOI=10.1016/0041-0101(94)00130-z;
RA Figueiredo S.G., Lima-Perez Garcia M.E., Valentim A.D.C., Cordeiro M.N.,
RA Diniz C.R., Richardson M.;
RT "Purification and amino acid sequence of the insecticidal neurotoxin Tx4(6-
RT 1) from the venom of the 'armed' spider Phoneutria nigriventer (Keys).";
RL Toxicon 33:83-93(1995).
RN [3]
RP PROTEIN SEQUENCE OF 35-82.
RC TISSUE=Venom;
RX PubMed=16278100; DOI=10.1016/j.cbpc.2005.09.010;
RA Richardson M., Pimenta A.M., Bemquerer M.P., Santoro M.M., Beirao P.S.,
RA Lima M.E., Figueiredo S.G., Bloch C. Jr., Vasconcelos E.A., Campos F.A.,
RA Gomes P.C., Cordeiro M.N.;
RT "Comparison of the partial proteomes of the venoms of Brazilian spiders of
RT the genus Phoneutria.";
RL Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 142:173-187(2006).
RN [4]
RP FUNCTION.
RC TISSUE=Venom;
RX PubMed=12770132; DOI=10.1016/s0022-1910(01)00143-3;
RA de Lima M.E., Stankiewicz M., Hamon A., de Figueiredo S.G., Cordeiro M.N.,
RA Diniz C.R., Martin-Eauclaire M.-F., Pelhate M.;
RT "The toxin Tx4(6-1) from the spider Phoneutria nigriventer slows down Na(+)
RT current inactivation in insect CNS via binding to receptor site 3.";
RL J. Insect Physiol. 48:53-61(2002).
RN [5]
RP FUNCTION.
RX PubMed=14757211; DOI=10.1016/j.toxicon.2003.10.009;
RA Oliveira L.C., De Lima M.E., Pimenta A.M.C., Mansuelle P., Rochat H.,
RA Cordeiro M.N., Richardson M., Figueiredo S.G.;
RT "PnTx4-3, a new insect toxin from Phoneutria nigriventer venom elicits the
RT glutamate uptake inhibition exhibited by PhTx4 toxic fraction.";
RL Toxicon 42:793-800(2003).
RN [6]
RP FUNCTION.
RX PubMed=27077886; DOI=10.3390/toxins8040106;
RA Emerich B.L., Ferreira R.C., Cordeiro M.N., Borges M.H., Pimenta A.M.,
RA Figueiredo S.G., Duarte I.D., de Lima M.E.;
RT "Delta-ctenitoxin-Pn1a, a peptide from Phoneutria nigriventer spider venom,
RT shows antinociceptive effect involving opioid and cannabinoid systems, in
RT rats.";
RL Toxins 8:106-106(2016).
CC -!- FUNCTION: This neurotoxin binds at site 3 of insect voltage-activated
CC sodium channels (Nav) and prolongs evoked axonal action potentials by a
CC slowing down of sodium current inactivation (PubMed:12770132). The
CC toxin also inhibits glutamate uptake from rat brain synaptosomes
CC (PubMed:14757211). It reversibly inhibits the N-methyl-D-aspartate
CC (NMDA)-subtype of ionotropic glutamate receptor (GRIN) (By similarity).
CC In addition, the toxin shows antinociceptive effect in all rat pain
CC models tested (inflammatory, neuropathic and nociceptive)
CC (PubMed:27077886). The antinociceptive effect is partially blocked when
CC selective antagonists of both mu- and delta-opioid receptors are
CC administered, revealing that the antinociceptive effect of the toxin
CC involves both opiod and cannabinoid endogenous systems
CC (PubMed:27077886). In vivo, it is highly toxic to house fly (Musca
CC domestica), toxic to cockroach, but has no effect when
CC intracerebroventricularly injected into mice (PubMed:7778132,
CC PubMed:12770132). {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P59367,
CC ECO:0000269|PubMed:12770132, ECO:0000269|PubMed:14757211,
CC ECO:0000269|PubMed:27077886, ECO:0000269|PubMed:7778132}.
CC -!- SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted {ECO:0000269|PubMed:7778132}.
CC -!- TISSUE SPECIFICITY: Expressed by the venom gland.
CC {ECO:0000305|PubMed:7778132}.
CC -!- DOMAIN: The presence of a 'disulfide through disulfide knot'
CC structurally defines this protein as a knottin. {ECO:0000305}.
CC -!- MASS SPECTROMETRY: Mass=5244.6; Method=Plasma desorption;
CC Evidence={ECO:0000269|PubMed:7778132};
CC -!- TOXIC DOSE: LD(50) is 3.8 ng/house fly. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:7778132}.
CC -!- MISCELLANEOUS: Does not affect the currents in rat brain Nav1.2/SCN2A
CC or skeletal muscle Nav1.4/SCN4A sodium channels.
CC {ECO:0000269|PubMed:12770132}.
CC -!- SIMILARITY: Belongs to the neurotoxin 03 (Tx2) family. 05 subfamily.
CC {ECO:0000305}.
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DR AlphaFoldDB; P59368; -.
DR SMR; P59368; -.
DR ArachnoServer; AS000280; delta-ctenitoxin-Pn1a.
DR GO; GO:0005576; C:extracellular region; IEA:UniProtKB-SubCell.
DR GO; GO:0035792; C:host cell postsynaptic membrane; IEA:UniProtKB-KW.
DR GO; GO:0017080; F:sodium channel regulator activity; IEA:UniProtKB-KW.
DR GO; GO:0090729; F:toxin activity; IEA:UniProtKB-KW.
PE 1: Evidence at protein level;
KW Direct protein sequencing; Disulfide bond; Ion channel impairing toxin;
KW Ionotropic glutamate receptor inhibitor; Knottin; Neurotoxin;
KW Postsynaptic neurotoxin; Secreted; Signal; Toxin;
KW Voltage-gated sodium channel impairing toxin.
FT SIGNAL 1..16
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255"
FT PROPEP 17..34
FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:16278100,
FT ECO:0000269|PubMed:7778132"
FT /id="PRO_0000035509"
FT CHAIN 35..82
FT /note="Delta-ctenitoxin-Pn1a"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:7778132"
FT /id="PRO_0000035510"
FT DISULFID 35..49
FT /evidence="ECO:0000305"
FT DISULFID 42..55
FT /evidence="ECO:0000305"
FT DISULFID 46..82
FT /evidence="ECO:0000305"
FT DISULFID 48..65
FT /evidence="ECO:0000305"
FT DISULFID 57..63
FT /evidence="ECO:0000305"
SQ SEQUENCE 82 AA; 9088 MW; 94CF974B000B06C3 CRC64;
MKVAIVFLSL LVLAFASESI EENREEFPVE ESARCGDINA ACKEDCDCCG YTTACDCYWS
KSCKCREAAI VIYTAPKKKL TC
