TXDT1_ATRRO
ID TXDT1_ATRRO Reviewed; 42 AA.
AC P01478;
DT 21-JUL-1986, integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot.
DT 21-JUL-1986, sequence version 1.
DT 25-MAY-2022, entry version 104.
DE RecName: Full=Delta-hexatoxin-Ar1a {ECO:0000305};
DE Short=Delta-HXTX-Ar1a {ECO:0000305};
DE AltName: Full=Delta-atracotoxin-Ar1 {ECO:0000303|PubMed:9560455, ECO:0000303|PubMed:9845331};
DE AltName: Full=Delta-atracotoxin-Ar1a {ECO:0000303|PubMed:14596608};
DE Short=Delta-ACTX-Ar1a {ECO:0000303|PubMed:14596608};
DE AltName: Full=Robustoxin {ECO:0000303|PubMed:10080353, ECO:0000303|PubMed:2728033, ECO:0000303|PubMed:3972101, ECO:0000303|PubMed:9560455};
DE Short=RBX {ECO:0000303|PubMed:10080353, ECO:0000303|PubMed:9428632};
OS Atrax robustus (Sydney funnel-web spider).
OC Eukaryota; Metazoa; Ecdysozoa; Arthropoda; Chelicerata; Arachnida; Araneae;
OC Mygalomorphae; Hexathelidae; Atrax.
OX NCBI_TaxID=6903;
RN [1]
RP PROTEIN SEQUENCE, AND SUBCELLULAR LOCATION.
RC TISSUE=Venom;
RX PubMed=3972101; DOI=10.1016/0014-5793(85)81132-7;
RA Sheumack D.D., Claassens R., Whiteley N.M., Howden M.E.H.;
RT "Complete amino acid sequence of a new type of lethal neurotoxin from the
RT venom of the funnel-web spider Atrax robustus.";
RL FEBS Lett. 181:154-156(1985).
RN [2]
RP FUNCTION.
RX PubMed=2728033; DOI=10.1016/0041-0101(89)90211-0;
RA Mylecharane E.J., Spence I., Sheumack D.D., Claassens R., Howden M.E.;
RT "Actions of robustoxin, a neurotoxic polypeptide from the venom of the male
RT funnel-web spider (Atrax robustus), in anaesthetized monkeys.";
RL Toxicon 27:481-492(1989).
RN [3]
RP FUNCTION.
RX PubMed=9845331; DOI=10.1016/s0014-5793(98)01378-7;
RA Little M.J., Wilson H., Zappia C., Cestele S., Tyler M.I.,
RA Martin-Eauclaire M.-F., Gordon D., Nicholson G.M.;
RT "Delta-atracotoxins from Australian funnel-web spiders compete with
RT scorpion alpha-toxin binding on both rat brain and insect sodium
RT channels.";
RL FEBS Lett. 439:246-252(1998).
RN [4]
RP FUNCTION.
RC TISSUE=Venom;
RX PubMed=9560455; DOI=10.1007/s004240050612;
RA Nicholson G.M., Walsh R., Little M.J., Tyler M.I.;
RT "Characterisation of the effects of robustoxin, the lethal neurotoxin from
RT the Sydney funnel-web spider Atrax robustus, on sodium channel activation
RT and inactivation.";
RL Pflugers Arch. 436:117-126(1998).
RN [5]
RP FUNCTION, MASS SPECTROMETRY, AND SYNTHESIS.
RX PubMed=14596608; DOI=10.1021/bi030091n;
RA Alewood D., Birinyi-Strachan L.C., Pallaghy P.K., Norton R.S.,
RA Nicholson G.M., Alewood P.F.;
RT "Synthesis and characterization of delta-atracotoxin-Ar1a, the lethal
RT neurotoxin from venom of the Sydney funnel-web spider (Atrax robustus).";
RL Biochemistry 42:12933-12940(2003).
RN [6]
RP STRUCTURE BY NMR, AND DISULFIDE BONDS.
RX PubMed=9428632; DOI=10.1016/s0014-5793(97)01452-x;
RA Pallaghy P.K., Alewood D., Alewood P.F., Norton R.S.;
RT "Solution structure of robustoxin, the lethal neurotoxin from the funnel-
RT web spider Atrax robustus.";
RL FEBS Lett. 419:191-196(1997).
RN [7]
RP STRUCTURE BY NMR, AND DISULFIDE BONDS.
RX PubMed=10080353; DOI=10.1016/s0041-0101(98)00186-x;
RA Temple M.D., Hinds M.G., Sheumack D.D., Howden M.E., Norton R.S.;
RT "1H NMR study of robustoxin, the lethal neurotoxin from the funnel web
RT spider Atrax robustus.";
RL Toxicon 37:485-506(1999).
CC -!- FUNCTION: Inhibits tetrodotoxin-sensitive voltage-gated sodium channels
CC (Nav) by binding to site 3. It slows the inactivation, causes a
CC prolongation of action potential duration resulting in repetitive
CC firing in autonomic and motor nerve fibers. Does not depolarize the
CC resting potential. Does not affect tetrodotoxin-resistant sodium
CC channels. This lethal neurotoxin is active on both insect and mammalian
CC voltage-gated sodium channels. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:14596608,
CC ECO:0000269|PubMed:2728033, ECO:0000269|PubMed:9560455,
CC ECO:0000269|PubMed:9845331}.
CC -!- SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted {ECO:0000269|PubMed:3972101}.
CC -!- TISSUE SPECIFICITY: Expressed by the venom gland.
CC {ECO:0000305|PubMed:3972101}.
CC -!- DOMAIN: The presence of a 'disulfide through disulfide knot'
CC structurally defines this protein as a knottin.
CC {ECO:0000269|PubMed:10080353, ECO:0000269|PubMed:9428632}.
CC -!- MASS SPECTROMETRY: Mass=4848.7; Method=Electrospray;
CC Evidence={ECO:0000269|PubMed:14596608};
CC -!- MISCELLANEOUS: In this species, the venom of the male is lethal rather
CC than that of the female.
CC -!- SIMILARITY: Belongs to the neurotoxin 06 (delta-actx) family.
CC {ECO:0000305}.
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DR PIR; A01738; NTIIRF.
DR PDB; 1QDP; NMR; -; A=1-42.
DR PDBsum; 1QDP; -.
DR AlphaFoldDB; P01478; -.
DR SMR; P01478; -.
DR ArachnoServer; AS000305; delta-hexatoxin-Ar1a.
DR EvolutionaryTrace; P01478; -.
DR GO; GO:0005576; C:extracellular region; IEA:UniProtKB-SubCell.
DR GO; GO:0019871; F:sodium channel inhibitor activity; IEA:InterPro.
DR GO; GO:0090729; F:toxin activity; IEA:UniProtKB-KW.
DR InterPro; IPR008017; Atracotoxin_delta.
DR Pfam; PF05353; Atracotoxin; 1.
DR PROSITE; PS60018; DELTA_ACTX; 1.
PE 1: Evidence at protein level;
KW 3D-structure; Direct protein sequencing; Disulfide bond;
KW Ion channel impairing toxin; Knottin; Neurotoxin; Secreted; Toxin;
KW Voltage-gated sodium channel impairing toxin.
FT CHAIN 1..42
FT /note="Delta-hexatoxin-Ar1a"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:3972101"
FT /id="PRO_0000087653"
FT DISULFID 1..15
FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:10080353,
FT ECO:0000269|PubMed:9428632, ECO:0000312|PDB:1QDP"
FT DISULFID 8..20
FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:10080353,
FT ECO:0000269|PubMed:9428632, ECO:0000312|PDB:1QDP"
FT DISULFID 14..31
FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:10080353,
FT ECO:0000269|PubMed:9428632, ECO:0000312|PDB:1QDP"
FT DISULFID 16..42
FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:10080353,
FT ECO:0000269|PubMed:9428632, ECO:0000312|PDB:1QDP"
FT STRAND 19..21
FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:1QDP"
FT STRAND 30..33
FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:1QDP"
FT TURN 37..39
FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:1QDP"
SQ SEQUENCE 42 AA; 4857 MW; 093CF5D89540E284 CRC64;
CAKKRNWCGK NEDCCCPMKC IYAWYNQQGS CQTTITGLFK KC
