ID   VDE_TOBAC               Reviewed;         478 AA.
AC   Q40593;
DT   23-JAN-2007, integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot.
DT   01-NOV-1996, sequence version 1.
DT   03-AUG-2022, entry version 91.
DE   RecName: Full=Violaxanthin de-epoxidase, chloroplastic;
DE            EC=1.23.5.1;
DE   Flags: Precursor;
GN   Name=VDE1; Synonyms=TVDE1;
OS   Nicotiana tabacum (Common tobacco).
OC   Eukaryota; Viridiplantae; Streptophyta; Embryophyta; Tracheophyta;
OC   Spermatophyta; Magnoliopsida; eudicotyledons; Gunneridae; Pentapetalae;
OC   asterids; lamiids; Solanales; Solanaceae; Nicotianoideae; Nicotianeae;
OC   Nicotiana.
OX   NCBI_TaxID=4097;
RN   [1]
RP   NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA].
RC   STRAIN=cv. Xanthi; TISSUE=Leaf;
RX   PubMed=9624110; DOI=10.1074/jbc.273.25.15321;
RA   Bugos R.C., Hieber A.D., Yamamoto H.Y.;
RT   "Xanthophyll cycle enzymes are members of the lipocalin family, the first
RT   identified from plants.";
RL   J. Biol. Chem. 273:15321-15324(1998).
RN   [2]
RP   NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA].
RA   Emanuelsson A.K., Eskling M., Aakerlund H.-E.;
RT   "Chemical and mutational modification of histidines in violaxanthinde-
RT   epoxidase from Spinacia oleracea.";
RL   Physiol. Plantarum 119:97-104(2003).
RN   [3]
RP   DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE.
RX   PubMed=10482676; DOI=10.1104/pp.121.1.207;
RA   Bugos R.C., Chang S.-H., Yamamoto H.Y.;
RT   "Developmental expression of violaxanthin de-epoxidase in leaves of tobacco
RT   growing under high and low light.";
RL   Plant Physiol. 121:207-214(1999).
CC   -!- FUNCTION: Part of the xanthophyll (or violaxanthin) cycle for
CC       controlling the concentration of zeaxanthin in chloroplasts. Catalyzes
CC       the two-step mono de-epoxidation reaction. Stereospecific for all-trans
CC       xanthophylls. Zeaxanthin induces the dissipation of excitation energy
CC       in the chlorophyll of the light-harvesting protein complex of
CC       photosystem II.
CC   -!- CATALYTIC ACTIVITY:
CC       Reaction=all-trans-violaxanthin + 2 L-ascorbate = all-trans-zeaxanthin
CC         + 2 H2O + 2 L-dehydroascorbate; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:32371,
CC         ChEBI:CHEBI:15377, ChEBI:CHEBI:27547, ChEBI:CHEBI:35288,
CC         ChEBI:CHEBI:38290, ChEBI:CHEBI:58539; EC=1.23.5.1;
CC   -!- SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Plastid, chloroplast thylakoid membrane
CC       {ECO:0000250}; Peripheral membrane protein {ECO:0000250}; Lumenal side
CC       {ECO:0000250}.
CC   -!- DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE: Low expression in young leaves, but high
CC       expression in older leaves. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:10482676}.
CC   -!- SIMILARITY: Belongs to the calycin superfamily. Lipocalin family.
CC       {ECO:0000305}.
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DR   EMBL; U34817; AAC50031.1; -; mRNA.
DR   PIR; T03750; T03750.
DR   RefSeq; NP_001311734.1; NM_001324805.1.
DR   AlphaFoldDB; Q40593; -.
DR   SMR; Q40593; -.
DR   STRING; 4097.Q40593; -.
DR   PRIDE; Q40593; -.
DR   GeneID; 107763628; -.
DR   KEGG; ag:AAC50031; -.
DR   KEGG; nta:107763628; -.
DR   BioCyc; MetaCyc:MON-16627; -.
DR   BRENDA; 1.23.5.1; 3645.
DR   Proteomes; UP000084051; Unplaced.
DR   GO; GO:0009535; C:chloroplast thylakoid membrane; IEA:UniProtKB-SubCell.
DR   GO; GO:0016491; F:oxidoreductase activity; IBA:GO_Central.
DR   GO; GO:0046422; F:violaxanthin de-epoxidase activity; IBA:GO_Central.
DR   GO; GO:0015994; P:chlorophyll metabolic process; IBA:GO_Central.
DR   GO; GO:0010028; P:xanthophyll cycle; IBA:GO_Central.
DR   Gene3D; 2.40.128.20; -; 1.
DR   InterPro; IPR012674; Calycin.
DR   InterPro; IPR022272; Lipocalin_CS.
DR   InterPro; IPR044682; VDE.
DR   InterPro; IPR010788; VDE_dom.
DR   PANTHER; PTHR33970; PTHR33970; 1.
DR   Pfam; PF07137; VDE; 1.
DR   SUPFAM; SSF50814; SSF50814; 1.
DR   PROSITE; PS00213; LIPOCALIN; 1.
PE   2: Evidence at transcript level;
KW   Chloroplast; Coiled coil; Membrane; Oxidoreductase; Plastid;
KW   Reference proteome; Thylakoid; Transit peptide.
FT   TRANSIT         1..?
FT                   /note="Chloroplast"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000255"
FT   TRANSIT         ?..134
FT                   /note="Thylakoid"
FT   CHAIN           135..478
FT                   /note="Violaxanthin de-epoxidase, chloroplastic"
FT                   /id="PRO_5000144729"
FT   COILED          388..453
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000255"
FT   CONFLICT        307
FT                   /note="L -> H (in Ref. 2)"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000305"
SQ   SEQUENCE   478 AA;  54561 MW;  0967DF4547D7809D CRC64;
     MALAPHSNFL ANHETIKYYV GSKLPGHKRF SWGWEDYFGS IVVAKICSSR RIPRYFRKSP
     RICCGLDSRG LQLFSHGKHN LSPAHSINQN VPKGNSGCKF PKDVALMVWE KWGQFAKTAI
     VAIFILSVAS KADAVDALKT CTCLLKECRL ELAKCISNPA CAANVACLQT CNNRPDETEC
     QIKCGDLFEN SVVDEFNECA VSRKKCVPRK SDVGDFPVPD PSVLVQKFDM KDFSGKWFIT
     RGLNPTFDAF DCQLHEFHTE ENKLVGNLSW RIRTPDGGFF TRSAVQKFVQ DPKYPGILYN
     HDNEYLLYQD DWYILSSKVE NSPEDYIFVY YKGRNDAWDG YGGSVLYTRS AVLPESIIPE
     LQTAAQKVGR DFNTFIKTDN TCGPEPPLVE RLEKKVEEGE RTIIKEVEEI EEEVEKVRDK
     EVTLFSKLFE GFKELQRDEE NFLRELSKEE MDVLDGLKME ATEVEKLFGR ALPIRKLR