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VND_DROME
ID   VND_DROME               Reviewed;         723 AA.
AC   P22808; Q24589; Q26436; Q9UB43; Q9W5F0;
DT   01-AUG-1991, integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot.
DT   10-MAY-2004, sequence version 3.
DT   03-AUG-2022, entry version 197.
DE   RecName: Full=Homeobox protein vnd;
DE   AltName: Full=Homeobox protein NK-2;
DE   AltName: Full=Protein ventral nervous system defective;
GN   Name=vnd; Synonyms=NK2; ORFNames=CG6172;
OS   Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly).
OC   Eukaryota; Metazoa; Ecdysozoa; Arthropoda; Hexapoda; Insecta; Pterygota;
OC   Neoptera; Endopterygota; Diptera; Brachycera; Muscomorpha; Ephydroidea;
OC   Drosophilidae; Drosophila; Sophophora.
OX   NCBI_TaxID=7227;
RN   [1]
RP   NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA], FUNCTION, TISSUE SPECIFICITY, AND MUTAGENESIS
RP   OF ALA-579.
RX   PubMed=7628450; DOI=10.1002/j.1460-2075.1995.tb07355.x;
RA   Jimenez F., Martin-Morris L.E., Velasco L., Chu H., Sierra J., Rosen D.R.,
RA   White K.;
RT   "vnd, a gene required for early neurogenesis of Drosophila, encodes a
RT   homeodomain protein.";
RL   EMBO J. 14:3487-3495(1995).
RN   [2]
RP   NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA].
RX   PubMed=7625694; DOI=10.1111/j.1749-6632.1995.tb24830.x;
RA   Nirenberg M., Nakayama K., Nakayama N., Kim Y., Mellerick D., Wang L.H.,
RA   Webber K.O., Lad R.;
RT   "The NK-2 homeobox gene and the early development of the central nervous
RT   system of Drosophila.";
RL   Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 758:224-242(1995).
RN   [3]
RP   NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA].
RC   STRAIN=Berkeley;
RX   PubMed=10731132; DOI=10.1126/science.287.5461.2185;
RA   Adams M.D., Celniker S.E., Holt R.A., Evans C.A., Gocayne J.D.,
RA   Amanatides P.G., Scherer S.E., Li P.W., Hoskins R.A., Galle R.F.,
RA   George R.A., Lewis S.E., Richards S., Ashburner M., Henderson S.N.,
RA   Sutton G.G., Wortman J.R., Yandell M.D., Zhang Q., Chen L.X., Brandon R.C.,
RA   Rogers Y.-H.C., Blazej R.G., Champe M., Pfeiffer B.D., Wan K.H., Doyle C.,
RA   Baxter E.G., Helt G., Nelson C.R., Miklos G.L.G., Abril J.F., Agbayani A.,
RA   An H.-J., Andrews-Pfannkoch C., Baldwin D., Ballew R.M., Basu A.,
RA   Baxendale J., Bayraktaroglu L., Beasley E.M., Beeson K.Y., Benos P.V.,
RA   Berman B.P., Bhandari D., Bolshakov S., Borkova D., Botchan M.R., Bouck J.,
RA   Brokstein P., Brottier P., Burtis K.C., Busam D.A., Butler H., Cadieu E.,
RA   Center A., Chandra I., Cherry J.M., Cawley S., Dahlke C., Davenport L.B.,
RA   Davies P., de Pablos B., Delcher A., Deng Z., Mays A.D., Dew I.,
RA   Dietz S.M., Dodson K., Doup L.E., Downes M., Dugan-Rocha S., Dunkov B.C.,
RA   Dunn P., Durbin K.J., Evangelista C.C., Ferraz C., Ferriera S.,
RA   Fleischmann W., Fosler C., Gabrielian A.E., Garg N.S., Gelbart W.M.,
RA   Glasser K., Glodek A., Gong F., Gorrell J.H., Gu Z., Guan P., Harris M.,
RA   Harris N.L., Harvey D.A., Heiman T.J., Hernandez J.R., Houck J., Hostin D.,
RA   Houston K.A., Howland T.J., Wei M.-H., Ibegwam C., Jalali M., Kalush F.,
RA   Karpen G.H., Ke Z., Kennison J.A., Ketchum K.A., Kimmel B.E., Kodira C.D.,
RA   Kraft C.L., Kravitz S., Kulp D., Lai Z., Lasko P., Lei Y., Levitsky A.A.,
RA   Li J.H., Li Z., Liang Y., Lin X., Liu X., Mattei B., McIntosh T.C.,
RA   McLeod M.P., McPherson D., Merkulov G., Milshina N.V., Mobarry C.,
RA   Morris J., Moshrefi A., Mount S.M., Moy M., Murphy B., Murphy L.,
RA   Muzny D.M., Nelson D.L., Nelson D.R., Nelson K.A., Nixon K., Nusskern D.R.,
RA   Pacleb J.M., Palazzolo M., Pittman G.S., Pan S., Pollard J., Puri V.,
RA   Reese M.G., Reinert K., Remington K., Saunders R.D.C., Scheeler F.,
RA   Shen H., Shue B.C., Siden-Kiamos I., Simpson M., Skupski M.P., Smith T.J.,
RA   Spier E., Spradling A.C., Stapleton M., Strong R., Sun E., Svirskas R.,
RA   Tector C., Turner R., Venter E., Wang A.H., Wang X., Wang Z.-Y.,
RA   Wassarman D.A., Weinstock G.M., Weissenbach J., Williams S.M., Woodage T.,
RA   Worley K.C., Wu D., Yang S., Yao Q.A., Ye J., Yeh R.-F., Zaveri J.S.,
RA   Zhan M., Zhang G., Zhao Q., Zheng L., Zheng X.H., Zhong F.N., Zhong W.,
RA   Zhou X., Zhu S.C., Zhu X., Smith H.O., Gibbs R.A., Myers E.W., Rubin G.M.,
RA   Venter J.C.;
RT   "The genome sequence of Drosophila melanogaster.";
RL   Science 287:2185-2195(2000).
RN   [4]
RP   GENOME REANNOTATION.
RC   STRAIN=Berkeley;
RX   PubMed=12537572; DOI=10.1186/gb-2002-3-12-research0083;
RA   Misra S., Crosby M.A., Mungall C.J., Matthews B.B., Campbell K.S.,
RA   Hradecky P., Huang Y., Kaminker J.S., Millburn G.H., Prochnik S.E.,
RA   Smith C.D., Tupy J.L., Whitfield E.J., Bayraktaroglu L., Berman B.P.,
RA   Bettencourt B.R., Celniker S.E., de Grey A.D.N.J., Drysdale R.A.,
RA   Harris N.L., Richter J., Russo S., Schroeder A.J., Shu S.Q., Stapleton M.,
RA   Yamada C., Ashburner M., Gelbart W.M., Rubin G.M., Lewis S.E.;
RT   "Annotation of the Drosophila melanogaster euchromatic genome: a systematic
RT   review.";
RL   Genome Biol. 3:RESEARCH0083.1-RESEARCH0083.22(2002).
RN   [5]
RP   NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA].
RC   STRAIN=Oregon-R;
RX   PubMed=10731137; DOI=10.1126/science.287.5461.2220;
RA   Benos P.V., Gatt M.K., Ashburner M., Murphy L., Harris D., Barrell B.G.,
RA   Ferraz C., Vidal S., Brun C., Demailles J., Cadieu E., Dreano S., Gloux S.,
RA   Lelaure V., Mottier S., Galibert F., Borkova D., Minana B., Kafatos F.C.,
RA   Louis C., Siden-Kiamos I., Bolshakov S., Papagiannakis G., Spanos L.,
RA   Cox S., Madueno E., de Pablos B., Modolell J., Peter A., Schoettler P.,
RA   Werner M., Mourkioti F., Beinert N., Dowe G., Schaefer U., Jaeckle H.,
RA   Bucheton A., Callister D.M., Campbell L.A., Darlamitsou A., Henderson N.S.,
RA   McMillan P.J., Salles C., Tait E.A., Valenti P., Saunders R.D.C.,
RA   Glover D.M.;
RT   "From sequence to chromosome: the tip of the X chromosome of D.
RT   melanogaster.";
RL   Science 287:2220-2222(2000).
RN   [6]
RP   NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA] OF 477-634.
RC   STRAIN=Canton-S;
RX   PubMed=2573058; DOI=10.1073/pnas.86.20.7716;
RA   Kim Y., Nirenberg M.;
RT   "Drosophila NK-homeobox genes.";
RL   Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 86:7716-7720(1989).
RN   [7]
RP   STRUCTURE BY NMR OF 538-613.
RX   PubMed=7643404; DOI=10.1006/jmbi.1995.0435;
RA   Tsao D.H.H., Gruschus J.M., Wang L.-H., Nirenberg M., Ferretti J.A.;
RT   "The three-dimensional solution structure of the NK-2 homeodomain from
RT   Drosophila.";
RL   J. Mol. Biol. 251:297-307(1995).
RN   [8]
RP   STRUCTURE BY NMR OF 544-606.
RX   PubMed=9154919; DOI=10.1021/bi9620060;
RA   Gruschus J.M., Tsao D.H.H., Wang L.-H., Nirenberg M., Ferretti J.A.;
RT   "Interactions of the vnd/NK-2 homeodomain with DNA by nuclear magnetic
RT   resonance spectroscopy: basis of binding specificity.";
RL   Biochemistry 36:5372-5380(1997).
RN   [9]
RP   STRUCTURE BY NMR OF 533-612.
RA   Bosong X.;
RL   Submitted (JUL-1999) to the PDB data bank.
CC   -!- FUNCTION: Probable transcriptional regulator involved in the regulation
CC       of the proneural AS-C genes and the neurogenic genes of the enhancer of
CC       split complex. Could specifically activate proneural genes in the
CC       ventral-most neuroectoderm. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:7628450}.
CC   -!- SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus {ECO:0000305}.
CC   -!- TISSUE SPECIFICITY: Expressed in the CNS and midgut.
CC       {ECO:0000269|PubMed:7628450}.
CC   -!- SIMILARITY: Belongs to the NK-2 homeobox family. {ECO:0000305}.
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DR   EMBL; X87141; CAA60619.1; -; mRNA.
DR   EMBL; S78691; AAB34960.1; -; mRNA.
DR   EMBL; AE014298; AAF45521.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR   EMBL; AL031883; CAA21410.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR   EMBL; M27290; AAA28617.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR   PIR; S57246; S57246.
DR   RefSeq; NP_476786.2; NM_057438.4.
DR   PDB; 1NK2; NMR; -; P=538-613.
DR   PDB; 1NK3; NMR; -; P=538-613.
DR   PDB; 1QRY; NMR; -; A=538-613.
DR   PDB; 1VND; NMR; -; A=538-613.
DR   PDBsum; 1NK2; -.
DR   PDBsum; 1NK3; -.
DR   PDBsum; 1QRY; -.
DR   PDBsum; 1VND; -.
DR   AlphaFoldDB; P22808; -.
DR   BMRB; P22808; -.
DR   SMR; P22808; -.
DR   BioGRID; 57572; 30.
DR   DIP; DIP-60882N; -.
DR   IntAct; P22808; 14.
DR   STRING; 7227.FBpp0070105; -.
DR   PaxDb; P22808; -.
DR   PRIDE; P22808; -.
DR   EnsemblMetazoa; FBtr0070110; FBpp0070105; FBgn0261930.
DR   GeneID; 31003; -.
DR   KEGG; dme:Dmel_CG6172; -.
DR   CTD; 31003; -.
DR   FlyBase; FBgn0261930; vnd.
DR   VEuPathDB; VectorBase:FBgn0261930; -.
DR   eggNOG; KOG0842; Eukaryota.
DR   GeneTree; ENSGT00940000166323; -.
DR   HOGENOM; CLU_023266_0_0_1; -.
DR   InParanoid; P22808; -.
DR   PhylomeDB; P22808; -.
DR   BioGRID-ORCS; 31003; 0 hits in 3 CRISPR screens.
DR   EvolutionaryTrace; P22808; -.
DR   GenomeRNAi; 31003; -.
DR   PRO; PR:P22808; -.
DR   Proteomes; UP000000803; Chromosome X.
DR   Bgee; FBgn0261930; Expressed in ventral nerve cord primordium (Drosophila) and 44 other tissues.
DR   ExpressionAtlas; P22808; baseline and differential.
DR   Genevisible; P22808; DM.
DR   GO; GO:0005634; C:nucleus; IDA:FlyBase.
DR   GO; GO:0000981; F:DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific; IDA:FlyBase.
DR   GO; GO:0000978; F:RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding; IBA:GO_Central.
DR   GO; GO:0008134; F:transcription factor binding; IPI:FlyBase.
DR   GO; GO:0007420; P:brain development; IMP:FlyBase.
DR   GO; GO:0030154; P:cell differentiation; IBA:GO_Central.
DR   GO; GO:0021782; P:glial cell development; IMP:FlyBase.
DR   GO; GO:0010629; P:negative regulation of gene expression; IMP:FlyBase.
DR   GO; GO:0000122; P:negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II; IMP:FlyBase.
DR   GO; GO:0014019; P:neuroblast development; IMP:FlyBase.
DR   GO; GO:0007400; P:neuroblast fate determination; IMP:FlyBase.
DR   GO; GO:0045944; P:positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II; IDA:FlyBase.
DR   GO; GO:0006357; P:regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II; IMP:FlyBase.
DR   CDD; cd00086; homeodomain; 1.
DR   InterPro; IPR009057; Homeobox-like_sf.
DR   InterPro; IPR017970; Homeobox_CS.
DR   InterPro; IPR001356; Homeobox_dom.
DR   Pfam; PF00046; Homeodomain; 1.
DR   SMART; SM00389; HOX; 1.
DR   SUPFAM; SSF46689; SSF46689; 1.
DR   PROSITE; PS00027; HOMEOBOX_1; 1.
DR   PROSITE; PS50071; HOMEOBOX_2; 1.
PE   1: Evidence at protein level;
KW   3D-structure; Developmental protein; Differentiation; DNA-binding;
KW   Homeobox; Neurogenesis; Nucleus; Reference proteome; Transcription;
KW   Transcription regulation.
FT   CHAIN           1..723
FT                   /note="Homeobox protein vnd"
FT                   /id="PRO_0000049071"
FT   DNA_BIND        545..604
FT                   /note="Homeobox"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000255|PROSITE-ProRule:PRU00108"
FT   REGION          1..115
FT                   /note="Disordered"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000256|SAM:MobiDB-lite"
FT   REGION          224..307
FT                   /note="Disordered"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000256|SAM:MobiDB-lite"
FT   REGION          465..549
FT                   /note="Disordered"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000256|SAM:MobiDB-lite"
FT   REGION          703..723
FT                   /note="Disordered"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000256|SAM:MobiDB-lite"
FT   COMPBIAS        9..23
FT                   /note="Basic and acidic residues"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000256|SAM:MobiDB-lite"
FT   COMPBIAS        24..56
FT                   /note="Polar residues"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000256|SAM:MobiDB-lite"
FT   COMPBIAS        57..93
FT                   /note="Basic and acidic residues"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000256|SAM:MobiDB-lite"
FT   COMPBIAS        95..115
FT                   /note="Polar residues"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000256|SAM:MobiDB-lite"
FT   COMPBIAS        233..257
FT                   /note="Polar residues"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000256|SAM:MobiDB-lite"
FT   COMPBIAS        465..499
FT                   /note="Polar residues"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000256|SAM:MobiDB-lite"
FT   COMPBIAS        513..529
FT                   /note="Acidic residues"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000256|SAM:MobiDB-lite"
FT   MUTAGEN         579
FT                   /note="A->T: In vnd-29; disrupts neuroblast development."
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:7628450"
FT   CONFLICT        52
FT                   /note="R -> A (in Ref. 2; AAB34960)"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000305"
FT   CONFLICT        55
FT                   /note="R -> P (in Ref. 2; AAB34960)"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000305"
FT   CONFLICT        88
FT                   /note="D -> E (in Ref. 1; CAA60619)"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000305"
FT   CONFLICT        149
FT                   /note="A -> R (in Ref. 1; CAA60619)"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000305"
FT   CONFLICT        153
FT                   /note="Missing (in Ref. 1; CAA60619)"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000305"
FT   CONFLICT        254
FT                   /note="L -> V (in Ref. 2; AAB34960)"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000305"
FT   CONFLICT        362
FT                   /note="Q -> K (in Ref. 1; CAA60619)"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000305"
FT   CONFLICT        399
FT                   /note="I -> M (in Ref. 1; CAA60619)"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000305"
FT   CONFLICT        405
FT                   /note="Y -> H (in Ref. 5; CAA21410)"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000305"
FT   CONFLICT        610
FT                   /note="E -> D (in Ref. 5; CAA21410)"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000305"
FT   CONFLICT        633..634
FT                   /note="RR -> VG (in Ref. 6)"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000305"
FT   STRAND          542..545
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:1VND"
FT   HELIX           554..566
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:1NK2"
FT   HELIX           572..581
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:1NK2"
FT   HELIX           586..606
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:1NK2"
FT   STRAND          608..611
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:1QRY"
SQ   SEQUENCE   723 AA;  76422 MW;  811F20B03A93C95E CRC64;
     MTTSASLERT PSKRDRDRER DNSSGLGSAG SLPASPQSAI TVSPSSPATP KRPLRTSTPS
     LERKREREDR EDREDRKERQ ERHERDRDHE RFAAVFSTAS TTVPTNTSSS SGLAPEQLRI
     PTGAAAFSGF PGLHSMSSLM LPSSAAVAAA AAAPFLPWSP ILLPPWNHAL LPAAFYPAAL
     RNALPGLFDA KVPSSQRSGF HISDILNLEG SELKNAAAAA AAAAHHGSDL SHHSASESTS
     GHRGQGSHTS PSALSPTPAG VSADEHHNGS GTGGGAGEAD HHSTTEHHAP PSHPQQQHPH
     HQQHHHPHLL LPQQHHQQAV APLPLAHHQS GEAQSHAHAN AAAAHLLASH NAAAAAAVAA
     GQYLPNLPKN FPGSFGDEMS SYHHMAQTML QHSGRSAWIK ENELYGTQQP ASPDSTSPVT
     SEVSYTYIGS NCQTSPALSG DYKSYSRSAD SDALSVGDAL HTLHGSSGNG SAGGAPTAHA
     LHNNNNNTTN NNNHSLKAEG INGAGSGHDD SLNEDGIEED IDDVDDADGS GGGDANGSDG
     LPNKKRKRRV LFTKAQTYEL ERRFRQQRYL SAPEREHLAS LIRLTPTQVK IWFQNHRYKT
     KRAQNEKGYE GHPGLLHGHA THPHHPSALP SPRRVAVPVL VRNGKPCLGD SSKLGADCVS
     VSSATATAMQ NAAAHHLVAL NGAAAYQHAA AAAAGLHAHA HAHAHAHGHG HPHAHAQRAA
     WWP
 
 
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