ID   VPX_HV2EH               Reviewed;         111 AA.
AC   Q89721;
DT   25-JUL-2006, integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot.
DT   01-NOV-1996, sequence version 1.
DT   25-MAY-2022, entry version 66.
DE   RecName: Full=Protein Vpx;
DE   AltName: Full=Viral protein X;
DE   AltName: Full=X ORF protein;
GN   Name=vpx;
OS   Human immunodeficiency virus type 2 subtype B (isolate EHO) (HIV-2).
OC   Viruses; Riboviria; Pararnavirae; Artverviricota; Revtraviricetes;
OC   Ortervirales; Retroviridae; Orthoretrovirinae; Lentivirus.
OX   NCBI_TaxID=388821;
OH   NCBI_TaxID=9606; Homo sapiens (Human).
RN   [1]
RP   NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE.
RX   PubMed=8009858; DOI=10.1006/viro.1994.1364;
RA   Rey-Cuille M.A., Galabru J., Laurent-Crawford A., Krust B., Montagnier L.,
RA   Hovanessian A.G.;
RT   "HIV-2 EHO isolate has a divergent envelope gene and induces single cell
RT   killing by apoptosis.";
RL   Virology 202:471-476(1994).
RN   [2]
RP   NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE.
RX   PubMed=7546916; DOI=10.1089/aid.1995.11.873;
RA   Galabru J., Rey-Cuille M.A., Hovanessian A.G.;
RT   "Nucleotide sequence of the HIV-2 EHO genome, a divergent HIV-2 isolate.";
RL   AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses 11:873-874(1995).
CC   -!- FUNCTION: Plays a role in nuclear translocation of the viral pre-
CC       integration complex (PIC), thus is required for the virus to infect
CC       non-dividing cells. Targets specific host proteins for degradation by
CC       the 26S proteasome. Acts by associating with the cellular CUL4A-DDB1 E3
CC       ligase complex through direct interaction with host VPRPB/DCAF-1. This
CC       change in the E3 ligase substrate specificity results in the
CC       degradation of host SAMHD1. In turn, SAMHD1 depletion allows viral
CC       replication in host myeloid cells by preventing SAMHD1-mediated
CC       hydrolysis of intracellular dNTPs necessary for reverse transcription
CC       (By similarity). {ECO:0000250}.
CC   -!- SUBUNIT: Interacts with the P6 region of unprocessed GAG (By
CC       similarity). Interacts with host VPRBP/DCAF1, leading to change
CC       substrate specificity of the CUL4A-DDB1 E3 ligase complex (By
CC       similarity). Interacts with host NUP153 (By similarity). {ECO:0000250,
CC       ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P12454, ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P18099}.
CC   -!- SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Virion. Host nucleus. Note=Nuclear just after
CC       virion uncoating, or if expressed in the absence of unprocessed GAG.
CC       {ECO:0000250}.
CC   -!- SIMILARITY: Belongs to the lentivirus VPX protein family.
CC       {ECO:0000305}.
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DR   EMBL; U27200; AAC54469.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR   SMR; Q89721; -.
DR   Proteomes; UP000007423; Genome.
DR   GO; GO:0042025; C:host cell nucleus; IEA:UniProtKB-SubCell.
DR   GO; GO:0039503; P:suppression by virus of host innate immune response; IEA:UniProtKB-KW.
DR   GO; GO:0019058; P:viral life cycle; IEA:InterPro.
DR   InterPro; IPR000012; RetroV_VpR/X.
DR   Pfam; PF00522; VPR; 1.
PE   3: Inferred from homology;
KW   AIDS; Host nucleus; Host-virus interaction;
KW   Inhibition of host innate immune response by virus; Reference proteome;
KW   Viral immunoevasion; Virion.
FT   CHAIN           1..111
FT                   /note="Protein Vpx"
FT                   /id="PRO_0000246771"
FT   REGION          60..79
FT                   /note="Binds to human NUP153"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P19508"
FT   MOTIF           64..71
FT                   /note="Nuclear localization signal"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000250"
SQ   SEQUENCE   111 AA;  12696 MW;  A5C08697FFF3516F CRC64;
     MDPRERVPPG NSGEETVGEA FEWLETTLEH LNRVAVNHLP RELIFQVWQK SWAYWREEQG
     MSISYTKYRY LCLMQKAMFI HFAKGCGCLR EGHGPGGWRS GPPPPPPPGL A