ID   VPX_HV2KR               Reviewed;         111 AA.
AC   Q74122;
DT   01-NOV-1997, integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot.
DT   01-NOV-1996, sequence version 1.
DT   23-FEB-2022, entry version 57.
DE   RecName: Full=Protein Vpx;
DE   AltName: Full=Viral protein X;
DE   AltName: Full=X ORF protein;
GN   Name=vpx;
OS   Human immunodeficiency virus type 2 subtype A (isolate KR) (HIV-2).
OC   Viruses; Riboviria; Pararnavirae; Artverviricota; Revtraviricetes;
OC   Ortervirales; Retroviridae; Orthoretrovirinae; Lentivirus.
OX   NCBI_TaxID=73484;
OH   NCBI_TaxID=9606; Homo sapiens (Human).
RN   [1]
RP   NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA].
RA   Kraus G.K., Talbott R., Leavitt M., Luznick L., Schmidt A., Badel P.,
RA   Bartz C., Morton W., Wong-Staal F., Looney D.J.;
RL   Submitted (APR-1995) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases.
CC   -!- FUNCTION: Plays a role in nuclear translocation of the viral pre-
CC       integration complex (PIC), thus is required for the virus to infect
CC       non-dividing cells. Targets specific host proteins for degradation by
CC       the 26S proteasome. Acts by associating with the cellular CUL4A-DDB1 E3
CC       ligase complex through direct interaction with host VPRPB/DCAF-1. This
CC       change in the E3 ligase substrate specificity results in the
CC       degradation of host SAMHD1. In turn, SAMHD1 depletion allows viral
CC       replication in host myeloid cells by preventing SAMHD1-mediated
CC       hydrolysis of intracellular dNTPs necessary for reverse transcription
CC       (By similarity). {ECO:0000250}.
CC   -!- SUBUNIT: Interacts with the P6 region of unprocessed GAG (By
CC       similarity). Interacts with host VPRBP/DCAF1, leading to change
CC       substrate specificity of the CUL4A-DDB1 E3 ligase complex (By
CC       similarity). Interacts with host NUP153 (By similarity). {ECO:0000250,
CC       ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P12454, ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P18099}.
CC   -!- SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Virion. Host nucleus. Note=Nuclear just after
CC       virion uncoating, or if expressed in the absence of unprocessed GAG.
CC       {ECO:0000250}.
CC   -!- SIMILARITY: Belongs to the lentivirus VPX protein family.
CC       {ECO:0000305}.
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DR   EMBL; U22047; AAA64578.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR   SMR; Q74122; -.
DR   Proteomes; UP000007425; Genome.
DR   GO; GO:0042025; C:host cell nucleus; IEA:UniProtKB-SubCell.
DR   GO; GO:0039503; P:suppression by virus of host innate immune response; IEA:UniProtKB-KW.
DR   GO; GO:0019058; P:viral life cycle; IEA:InterPro.
DR   InterPro; IPR000012; RetroV_VpR/X.
DR   Pfam; PF00522; VPR; 1.
PE   3: Inferred from homology;
KW   AIDS; Host nucleus; Host-virus interaction;
KW   Inhibition of host innate immune response by virus; Viral immunoevasion;
KW   Virion.
FT   CHAIN           1..111
FT                   /note="Protein Vpx"
FT                   /id="PRO_0000085394"
FT   REGION          61..80
FT                   /note="Binds to human NUP153"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P19508"
FT   MOTIF           65..72
FT                   /note="Nuclear localization signal"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000250"
SQ   SEQUENCE   111 AA;  12619 MW;  00B36C204C0C364E CRC64;
     MADPRKTVPP GNGGEVTIGE AFAWLERMVE AINREAVNHL PRELIFQVWQ RSWRYWHDDL
     GMSQSYTKYR YLRLMQYAMF IHVKKGCTCL GGGHGPGGWR PGPPPPPPGL V