ID   VPX_SIVMK               Reviewed;         112 AA.
AC   P05916;
DT   01-NOV-1988, integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot.
DT   01-NOV-1988, sequence version 1.
DT   29-SEP-2021, entry version 63.
DE   RecName: Full=Protein Vpx;
DE   AltName: Full=Viral protein X;
DE   AltName: Full=X ORF protein;
GN   Name=vpx;
OS   Simian immunodeficiency virus (isolate K6W) (SIV-mac) (Simian
OS   immunodeficiency virus rhesus monkey).
OC   Viruses; Riboviria; Pararnavirae; Artverviricota; Revtraviricetes;
OC   Ortervirales; Retroviridae; Orthoretrovirinae; Lentivirus.
OX   NCBI_TaxID=11735;
OH   NCBI_TaxID=9527; Cercopithecidae (Old World monkeys).
RN   [1]
RP   NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA].
RX   PubMed=3497350; DOI=10.1038/328539a0;
RA   Franchini G., Gallo R.C., Guo H.-G., Gurgo C., Callatti E., Fargnoli K.,
RA   Hall L., Wong-Staal F., Reitz M.S. Jr.;
RT   "Sequence of simian immunodeficiency virus and its relationship to the
RT   human immunodeficiency viruses.";
RL   Nature 328:539-543(1987).
RN   [2]
RP   FUNCTION.
RX   PubMed=22895508; DOI=10.1038/gt.2012.61;
RA   Bobadilla S., Sunseri N., Landau N.R.;
RT   "Efficient transduction of myeloid cells by an HIV-1-derived lentiviral
RT   vector that packages the Vpx accessory protein.";
RL   Gene Ther. 20:514-520(2013).
CC   -!- FUNCTION: Plays a role in nuclear translocation of the viral pre-
CC       integration complex (PIC), thus is required for the virus to infect
CC       non-dividing cells. Targets specific host proteins for degradation by
CC       the 26S proteasome. Acts by associating with the cellular CUL4A-DDB1 E3
CC       ligase complex through direct interaction with host VPRPB/DCAF-1. This
CC       change in the E3 ligase substrate specificity results in the
CC       degradation of host SAMHD1. In turn, SAMHD1 depletion allows viral
CC       replication in host myeloid cells by preventing SAMHD1-mediated
CC       hydrolysis of intracellular dNTPs necessary for reverse transcription.
CC       {ECO:0000269|PubMed:22895508}.
CC   -!- SUBUNIT: Interacts with the P6 region of unprocessed GAG. Interacts
CC       with host VPRBP/DCAF1, leading to change substrate specificity of the
CC       CUL4A-DDB1 E3 ligase complex (By similarity). {ECO:0000250}.
CC   -!- SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Virion. Host nucleus. Note=Nuclear just after
CC       virion uncoating, or if expressed in the absence of unprocessed GAG.
CC       {ECO:0000250}.
CC   -!- SIMILARITY: Belongs to the lentivirus VPX protein family.
CC       {ECO:0000305}.
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DR   EMBL; Y00295; -; NOT_ANNOTATED_CDS; Genomic_DNA.
DR   SMR; P05916; -.
DR   GO; GO:0042025; C:host cell nucleus; IEA:UniProtKB-SubCell.
DR   GO; GO:0039503; P:suppression by virus of host innate immune response; IEA:UniProtKB-KW.
DR   GO; GO:0019058; P:viral life cycle; IEA:InterPro.
DR   InterPro; IPR000012; RetroV_VpR/X.
DR   Pfam; PF00522; VPR; 1.
PE   3: Inferred from homology;
KW   Host nucleus; Host-virus interaction;
KW   Inhibition of host innate immune response by virus; Viral immunoevasion;
KW   Virion.
FT   CHAIN           1..112
FT                   /note="Protein Vpx"
FT                   /id="PRO_0000085404"
FT   MOTIF           65..72
FT                   /note="Nuclear localization signal"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000250"
SQ   SEQUENCE   112 AA;  13021 MW;  CA0E65445AFBD780 CRC64;
     MSDPRERIPP GNSGEETIGE AFEWLNRTVE EINREAVNHL PRELIFQVWQ RSWEYWHDEQ
     GMSQSYVKYR YLCLMQKALF MHCKKGCRCL GEGHRAGGWR PGPPPPPPPG LA